他克莫司胶囊和缓释胶囊预防肝移植急性排斥反应的效果和安全性

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of tacrolimus exposure in stable liver transplant recipients converted from FK506 twice a day to Advagraf (tacrolimus extended-release capsules) once daily. Methods This was an open-label, random, control and multi-center study.Eligible patients were 19 to 70 years of age, 6 months post-transplant with stable renal and hepatic function and receiving stable doses of tacrolimus twice a day for 2 weeks prior to enrollment. There were 86 patients in the experimental group and the control group, separately. The average age of experimental group and control group was 46 ± 10 and 49 ± 9, respectively. Patients in experimental group received Advagraf, once daily, and the dose was adjusted according to the drug concentration,and the drug concentration was between 2 to 10 μg/L. The control group given tacrolimus, twice daily, and the drug concentration was between 2 to 10 μg/L. Results The incidence of acute rejection reaction was 1.20 % and 1.18 % respectively in experimental group and control group, and the 95 %confidence interval was -3.25% ～3.31 % and -3.26% ～ 3.34 %, individually. There was 1 case of acute rejection reaction in experimental group and control group, respectively. The patient and organ survival rate was 100%. Sixteen adverse events occurred in 15 patients (17.65 %) of the experimental group, and 10 adverse events occurred in 10 patients (11.63 %) of control group. Severe adverse events relating to the test drug in experimental group occurred in 4 patients (4. 71 %). and 2 patients (2. 33) in control group.Conclision Clinical trials indicated that Advagraf has efficacy and safety profiles similar to those of tacrolimus. The drug is safe and may improve patient compliance.     

敲除Smad4基因对小鼠肝纤维化与肝癌发生和发展的影响

目的 探讨敲除Smad4基因对转化生长因子β1(TGFβ1)信号传导系统和对肝纤维化及肝癌发生和发展的影响.方法 采用CCl_4/乙醇分别诱导野生型小鼠(Smad4+/+)与Smad4基因敲除小鼠 (Smad4+/-)20周,观察每组小鼠发生肝纤维化和肝癌的情况,并采用RT-PCR方法检测Smad4、TGFβ1、Smad2、Smad3、Smad6,基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂1、基质金属蛋白酶2、9等基因的mRNA表达程度.采用χ~2检验与t检验进行统计学处理. 结果 纤维化肝脏Smad4的表达较正常对照组明显增强.与野生型相比,Smad4杂合子小鼠的TGFβ1-Smads信号传导系统有所减弱.经CCl_4/乙醇诱导后,总体上Smad4杂合子小鼠发生肝纤维化的程度 (评分为2.12±0.88)显著低于野生型小鼠 (评分为2.87±0.88,t=3.163,P=0.003);Smad4杂合子小鼠组的肝癌发生率 (32.0%) 也明显低于野生型小鼠组 (41.9%).结论 敲除Smad4基因能有效弱化TGFβ1信号传导,从而减缓肝纤维化的程度;同时,能减缓肝癌的发展进程.     

肝内胆管腺纤维瘤一例

患者女,65岁.因间断右上腹痛10年余,发现肝占位性病变13 d入院.体格检查:腹软,未触及包块,未触及肝脾肿大.实验室检查:肝功能、乙肝表面抗原、肿瘤标记物均未见异常.     

第十三届全国普通外科学术会议纪要

由中华普通外科杂志主办的"第十三届全国普通外科学术会议"于2009年5月8-11日在历史文化名城浙江省宁波市成功举办.此次大会收到论文200余篇,参会代表900余人.本次大会的主题是消化道肿瘤的现代观念与规范化治疗.在第十三届全国普通外科学术会议上共有19位著名专家围绕此主题作了精彩的演讲.     

通过PD-1/PD-L1共刺激通路诱导小鼠胰岛移植免疫耐受的研究

目的 观察重组腺病毒Ad-PD-L1对诱导小鼠胰岛移植免疫耐受的作用.方法 酶切含有小鼠全长PD-L1 cDNA的pSport 1-mCD274质粒,亚克隆到穿梭质粒pShuale-GFP-CMV(-)上,再通过酶切、连接等方法构建腺病毒骨架质粒pAdxsi-GFP-CMV-PD-L1,转化DH5α感受态细菌,筛选阳性克隆.经酶切、测序鉴定正确,线性化后脂质体法转染293细胞进行包装、扩增,氯化铯密度梯度离心纯化病毒.链脲霉素(250 mg/kg)腹腔注射诱导C57BL/6(H-2b)小鼠糖尿病模型,将C57BL/6小鼠随机分为3组,A为对照组,B为Ad-EGFP处理组,C为Ad-PD-L1处理组,在进行胰岛移植的前1天,经尾静脉输注5×108 pfu的Ad-PD-L1.将DBA/2(H-2d)小鼠的胰岛移植在糖尿病小鼠肾被膜下.术后监测不同时间各组小鼠的血糖变化及胰岛移植物的存活时间,并观察混合淋巴细胞反应的特异性.结果 酶切及测序证实Ad-PD-L1构建成功.Ad-PD-L1在小鼠体内可以高效地表达PD-L1,Ad-PD-L1治疗组胰岛移植物的存活时间明显延长到27.63±3.51 d(P<0.01),混合淋巴细胞反应表明小鼠对供体反应特异性降低. 结论通过PD-L1/PD-1共刺激通路可以抑制T细胞的活化,从而延长了胰岛移植物的存活时间.     

复杂性腹腔感染的莫西沙星单药治疗

莫西沙星(拜复乐 )单药可有效治疗复杂性腹腔感染,这是不久前完成的亚太地区多家医院参与的代号为"Dragon"的一项Ⅲ期临床试验结果证实的.     

腹腔镜肝切除术中螺旋水刀的应用

目的 评价螺旋水刀在腹腔镜肝切除术中应用的可行性.方法 回顾性分析18例行腹腔镜肝切除患者的临床资料.结果 本组患者18例,其中肝海绵状血管瘤9例,原发件肝癌5例,肝局灶性结节样增生2例,结肠癌肝转移1例,左肝胆管囊腺瘤1例.本组17例患者行腹腔镜下水刀肝切除术,1例左肝癌患者因术中出血而中转开腹.手术方式为肝部分切除术14例,肝左外叶切除3例.手术时间平均170 min.无巾转开腹的17例病例术中平均出血最230 ml.伞组患者无术后出血、肝功能衰竭等严重并发症,有1例患者术后第3天出现少量胆漏,保守治疗后痊愈.2例患者术后出现少量胸腔积液未做特殊处理.术后平均住院5.6 d.5例肝癌病例术后平均随访17个月,中转开腹的患者术后13个月肝内其他部位复发,所有切门均未见种植转移.结论 腹腔镜下应用螺旋水刀行肝切除时创面清晰,可以保证足够的安全切除边界,术后无严重并发症,是一种安全可行的切肝方法.     

彩色多普勒超声在活体供肝肝移植中的应用价值

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声（CDFI）在活体供肝肝移植（LDLT）术前、术中及术后的应用价值。方法回顾性总结和分析了6例LDLT术前、术中及术后的CDFI检查结果。结果术前超声发现1例供者肝动脉过细,1例肝静脉属支过粗;术中超声未发现明显异常;术后受者超声发现l例桥血管栓塞。结论CDFI在LDLT整个肝移植过程中观察血供具有重要价值。     

他克莫司胶囊和缓释胶囊预防肝移植急性排斥反应的效果和安全性

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of tacrolimus exposure in stable liver transplant recipients converted from FK506 twice a day to Advagraf (tacrolimus extended-release capsules) once daily. Methods This was an open-label, random, control and multi-center study.Eligible patients were 19 to 70 years of age, 6 months post-transplant with stable renal and hepatic function and receiving stable doses of tacrolimus twice a day for 2 weeks prior to enrollment. There were 86 patients in the experimental group and the control group, separately. The average age of experimental group and control group was 46 ± 10 and 49 ± 9, respectively. Patients in experimental group received Advagraf, once daily, and the dose was adjusted according to the drug concentration,and the drug concentration was between 2 to 10 μg/L. The control group given tacrolimus, twice daily, and the drug concentration was between 2 to 10 μg/L. Results The incidence of acute rejection reaction was 1.20 % and 1.18 % respectively in experimental group and control group, and the 95 %confidence interval was -3.25% ～3.31 % and -3.26% ～ 3.34 %, individually. There was 1 case of acute rejection reaction in experimental group and control group, respectively. The patient and organ survival rate was 100%. Sixteen adverse events occurred in 15 patients (17.65 %) of the experimental group, and 10 adverse events occurred in 10 patients (11.63 %) of control group. Severe adverse events relating to the test drug in experimental group occurred in 4 patients (4. 71 %). and 2 patients (2. 33) in control group.Conclision Clinical trials indicated that Advagraf has efficacy and safety profiles similar to those of tacrolimus. The drug is safe and may improve patient compliance.     

胃术后倾倒综合征

倾倒综合征 (ｄｕｍｐｉｎｇｓｙｎｄｒｏｍｅ)是胃大部切除术和各式迷走神经切断术附加引流性手术后常见的并发症。 1913年Ｈｅｒｔｚ首先将胃术后患者进食后的一系列症状与胃排空过速联系在一起 ;而倾倒综合征的概念是由Ａｎｄｒｅｗ和Ｍｉｘ于 192 0年提出的 ,他们应用放射性核素显影的方法对某些具有一系列循环及胃肠道系统症状的胃术后患者进行观察 ,发现其体内胃排空过快。目前人们对手术的要求不仅仅是要根治疾病 ,而且要求尽可能的不影响生活质量 ,因此临床医生应加强对胃术后倾倒综合征的认识 ,以便对其进行更好的防治。症状与诊断…