多非替利衍生物CPU 228(V03)对大鼠心室肌细胞钙瞬变的调节

目的在β-受体激动情况下,研究多非替利衍生物CPU 228对电刺激触发心肌细胞的胞浆Ca2+浓度([Ca2+]i)变化及钙瞬变动力学参数的影响.方法游离单个大鼠心室肌细胞,Fluo-3/AM负载,电刺激诱发心室肌细胞钙瞬变,定量测定心室肌细胞内Ca2+浓度变化,异丙肾上腺素(isoproterenol, ISO)100nmol·L-1激动β-受体,观察CPU 228 1 μmol·L-1对钙瞬变动力学参数、[Ca2+]i及钙负荷水平的影响.结果CPU 228 1 μmol·L-1对大鼠心室肌细胞[Ca2+]i的影响不明显(P>0.05);ISO 100 nmol·L-1显著升高大鼠心室肌细胞[Ca2+]i和细胞内钙负荷水平,缩短钙瞬变时程,并且增加钙瞬变的消除速率.CPU 228 1 μmol·L-1显著抑制ISO的上述作用.结论在β-受体激动情况下,CPU 228可以降低心肌细胞[Ca2+]i,使ISO改变的钙瞬变动力学参数恢复到正常水平.     

乌贼墨对小鼠脾细胞和巨噬细胞NO生成及 IFN-γ分泌水平的影响

目的：探讨乌贼墨对脾细胞和巨噬细胞NO生成及IFN-γ分泌的影响。方法：用Griess法和ELISA法分别检测了经乌贼墨灌胃处理后小鼠脾细胞和腹腔巨噬细胞培养上清中NO和IFN-γ的水平的变化。结果：乌贼墨灌胃处理小鼠后的第4、6天脾细胞及腹腔巨噬细胞(Mφ)可产生较高水平的NO；脾细胞可产生较高水平的IFN-γ，并且小鼠脾细胞NO的产生水平与IFN-γ产生水平呈正相关(r=0．98)；用LPS和L-NMMA(NO抑制剂)分别同乌贼墨灌胃第6d小鼠的脾细胞一起培养，结果显示LPS可协同IFN-γ促NO水平升高。L-NMMA可抑制小鼠脾细胞的NO生成。结论：乌贼墨可促进巨噬细胞NO生成；脾细胞NO的产生与IFN-γ分泌水平呈正相关。     

食品级番茄红素对小鼠的免疫调节功能

目的研究番茄红素对免疫系统的调节作用。方法实验小鼠随机分成3组：对照组、低剂量组（10mg／kg）、高剂量组（20mg／kg）。低剂量组、高剂量组分别用色拉油稀释的番茄红素灌胃，对照组用色拉油灌胃。30天后检测小鼠的脾淋巴细胞增殖程度、NK细胞的杀伤活性、迟发性变态反应的程度、巨噬细胞吞噬功能。结果与对照组比较，高剂量组能显著增强脾淋巴细胞的增殖能力，提高自然杀伤细胞的活性和巨噬细胞吞噬功能，增强小鼠的足跖肿胀度（P〈0．05）。除增殖反应外，低剂量组其他指标与对照组比较，差异均无显著性。结论番茄红素具有增强小鼠免疫调节的功能。     

4种给药方案治疗良性前列腺增生症的成本—效果分析

目的:探讨4种口服给药方案治疗良性前列腺增生(BPH)所产生的成本-效果比.方法:选择我院门诊轻中度良性前列腺增生患者168例,随机分为4组,分别给予非那雄胺(A纽)、坦索罗辛(B组)、坦索罗辛多沙唑嗪加非那雄胺(C组)、普适泰(D组),运用药物经济学方法进行分析.结果:在成本相当的前提下,C组方案有效率最高.结论:坦索罗辛多沙唑嗪 非那雄胺治疗BPH不仅疗效好,可降低患者需要手术的危险性,而且可降低急性尿潴留发生率.     

Additional benefit of combined therapy with melatonin and apoptotic adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cell against sepsis‐induced kidney injury

This study tested whether combined therapy with melatonin and apoptotic adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (A‐ADMSCs) offered additional benefit in ameliorating sepsis‐induced acute kidney injury. Adult male Sprague–Dawley rats (n = 65) were randomized equally into five groups: Sham controls (SC), sepsis induced by cecal‐ligation and puncture (CLP), CLP‐melatonin, CLP‐A‐ADMSC, and CLP‐melatonin‐A‐ADMSC. Circulating TNF‐α level at post‐CLP 6 hr was highest in CLP and lowest in SC groups, higher in CLP‐melatonin than in CLP‐A‐ADMSC and CLP‐melatonin‐A‐ADMSC groups (all P < 0.001). Immune reactivity as reflected in the number of splenic helper‐, cytoxic‐, and regulatory‐T cells at post‐CLP 72 hr exhibited the same pattern as that of circulating TNF‐α among all groups (P < 0.001). The histological scoring of kidney injury and the number of F4/80+ and CD14+ cells in kidney were highest in CLP and lowest in SC groups, higher in CLP‐melatonin than in CLP‐A‐ADMSC and CLP‐melatonin‐A‐ADMSC groups, and higher in CLP‐A‐ADMSC than in CLP‐melatonin‐A‐ADMSC groups (all P < 0.001). Changes in protein expressions of inflammatory (RANTES, TNF‐1α, NF‐κB, MMP‐9, MIP‐1, IL‐1β), apoptotic (cleaved caspase 3 and PARP, mitochondrial Bax), fibrotic (Smad3, TGF‐β) markers, reactive‐oxygen‐species (NOX‐1, NOX‐2), and oxidative stress displayed a pattern identical to that of kidney injury score among the five groups (all P < 0.001). Expressions of antioxidants (GR+, GPx+, HO‐1, NQO‐1+) were lowest in SC group and highest in CLP‐melatonin‐A‐ADMSC group, lower in CLP than in CLP‐melatonin and CLP‐A‐ADMSC groups, and lower in CLP‐melatonin‐ than in CLP‐A‐ADMSC‐tretaed animals (all P < 0.001). In conclusion, combined treatment with melatonin and A‐ADMSC was superior to A‐ADMSC alone in protecting the kidneys from sepsis‐induced injury.     

家庭群居爆发型新型冠状病毒肺炎的临床与胸部HRCT表现

目的 探讨家庭群居爆发型新型冠状病毒肺炎（简称"新冠肺炎"）（novel coronavirus pneumonia，NCP）的临床与胸部HRCT表现特点。方法 收集2020年2月3所医院经核酸检测阳性确诊的新冠肺炎患者10例（4个家庭），其中男性6例（中位年龄60.5岁），女性4例（中位年龄59岁）。所有患者均接受胸部CT扫描并行薄层HRCT重建，由两名10年以上工作经验放射科医生共同阅片分析新冠肺炎HRCT病变发生部位、形态、分布、密度等特点，以及治疗前后HRCT征象变化。并收集临床和实验室指标进行分析和总结。结果 本组4个家庭中首例确诊病例均有武汉确诊病例或武汉疫区接触史，4例为输入型病例（占40%），平均潜伏期5 d。实验室检查中5例（50%）外周血白细胞总数降低，4例（40%）淋巴细胞明显降低；8例（80%）C-反应蛋白增高，10例（100%）乳酸脱氢酶增高。10例（100%）患者胸部CT均有阳性表现，其中7例（70%）表现为双肺散在分布磨玻璃密度影（ground glass opacity，GGO），病变界限大多清楚。8例（80%）累及多个肺叶，2例（20%）为单肺叶病变。绝大多数病灶位于胸膜下和肺外周处，以双肺下叶为著。5例患者（50%）病变内可见细支气管充气征，9例患者（90%）病变内可见增粗细小血管影。7例患者（70%）治疗后复查胸部CT，3例（30%）原肺内胸膜下病变出现不同程度实变及纤维化，2例（20%）实变影转变为GGO，1例（10%）原肺内GGO消失，又出现新发GGO，1例（10%）病变范围有增大。结论 新冠肺炎具有家庭群居爆发的特点，均可有输入性病例，潜伏期较短，其胸部HRCT表现具有一定特征性，且有助于治疗后患者病变动态观察；结合流行病学和实验室检查有助于对NCP做出临床诊断和提供疫情防控的可靠依据。     

Mouse MOV10L1 associates with Piwi proteins and is an essential component of the Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) pathway

Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are essential for silencing of transposable elements in the germline, but their biogenesis is poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that MOV10L1, a germ cell–specific putative RNA helicase, is associated with Piwi proteins. Genetic disruption of the MOV10L1 RNA helicase domain in mice renders both MILI and MIWI2 devoid of piRNAs. Absence of a functional piRNA pathway in Mov10l1 mutant testes causes loss of DNA methylation and subsequent derepression of retrotransposons in germ cells. The Mov10l1 mutant males are sterile owing to complete meiotic arrest. This mouse mutant expresses Piwi proteins but lacks piRNAs, suggesting that MOV10L1 is required for piRNA biogenesis and/or loading to Piwi proteins.     

Differential mononuclear cell activity and endothelial inflammation in coronary artery disease and cardiac syndrome X

BACKGROUND: Circulating mononuclear cells could be activated with endothelial inflammation in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). In some patients with normal coronary angiograms, myocardial ischemia could also present with coronary microvascular dysfunction (cardiac syndrome X). This study was undertaken to investigate whether mononuclear cell activation and endothelial inflammation can present in syndrome X patients. METHODS: We evaluated the biochemical parameters, circulating soluble adhesion molecules, circulating superoxide free radicals, and mononuclear cell activity in 32 patients with syndrome X, 34 with angiographically documented CAD, and 17 age- and gender-matched healthy control subjects. RESULTS: Compared to that in control subjects, plasma high-density lipoprotein was reduced (P<0.001) and insulin to glucose ratio increased (P=0.02) in CAD patients. Circulating level of soluble intracellular adhesion molecule-1 was significantly higher in both syndrome X and CAD patients than in control subjects (P<0.01), whereas the levels of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule (P=0.02) and von Willebrand factor (P=0.01) were increased in CAD patients only. The peak (P<0.001) and total counts of superoxide free radicals in whole blood (P<0.001) was significantly higher in syndrome X patients than in the other two groups. However, phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced superoxide free radical generation of mononuclear cells was increased in CAD (10.5+/-4.6%, P=0.01) but not in syndrome X patients (8.7+/-2.0%) as compared with control subjects (7.7+/-0.5%). CONCLUSIONS: The results indicated that the activity of mononuclear cells was increased with significant endothelial inflammation and injury in CAD patients. In syndrome X patients, though circulating superoxide free radicals were increased, there was minimal endothelial inflammation without mononuclear cell activation. The relatively preserved lipid and metabolic profiles might contribute to less vascular inflammation in syndrome X patients.     

脑脊液白蛋白和免疫球蛋白IgG检测在儿童病毒性脑炎诊治中的应用

目的：探讨病毒性脑炎患儿脑脊液白蛋白比值（QAlb)、IgG和IgG指数变化与疾病严重程度的相关性。方法研究对象分病毒性脑炎组和对照组,病毒性脑炎组按临床特点分为轻症病毒性脑炎组和重症病毒性脑炎组,采用免疫散射比浊法测定血清和脑脊液的白蛋白、IgG,计算QAlb和IgG指数,判断病毒性脑炎患儿血脑屏障功能状态及免疫球蛋白鞘内合成情况与临床严重程度的关系。结果病毒性脑炎组的QAlb高于对照组;重症病毒性脑炎组的QAlb较轻症病毒性脑炎组和对照组增高,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。重症病毒性脑炎组脑脊液IgG、IgG指数比轻症病毒性脑炎组和对照组增高,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论重症病毒性脑炎组患儿的血脑屏障功能损害程度、鞘内IgG合成情况与临床病情严重程度相关。检测脑脊液和血清中白蛋白、IgG,计算QAlb和IgG指数能反映病毒性脑炎患儿血脑屏障功能状态及IgG鞘内合成情况,为判断病毒性脑炎临床病情的严重程度提供相关依据。