慢性咳嗽的中医治疗点滴经验介绍

临床上通常将以咳嗽为惟一症状或主要症状、时间超过8周、胸部X线检查无明显异常者称为不明原因慢性咳嗽，简称慢性咳嗽。该病迁延难愈，治疗若无经验则颇感棘手，常易误辨误治。下面笔者依传统中医药理论以及相关文献资料，结合自己的临床点滴经验谈谈此疾病的中医治疗，以求抛砖引玉。     

应用综合评估法术前评估骨巨细胞瘤的侵袭性

应用穿刺活检进行病理诊断和分级,同时作DNA含量图象法分析,结合X线平片表现对骨巨细胞瘤的侵袭性进行综合评价,结果显示,在综合分级中,Ⅰ与Ⅱ级的复发率有显著性差异,而病理和X线分级则无显著性差异。提示综合分级对评估骨巨细胞瘤的侵袭性具有合理性和全面性,有助于指导治疗。     

白蛋白微球作为肝靶向给药载体的研究

用均匀设计方法和计算机技术筛选了乳化化学交联法制备白蛋白微球的六个因素,十二个水平。优化出最佳制备工艺,制备了平均粒径0.41～0.47μm的白蛋白微球。将此工艺制备的¹²⁵I-白蛋白微球做动物体内研究,结果表明微球iv后主要浓集在肝脏,可达注入总剂量的68%,此微球在靶组织肝脏的变化规律可用二室模型契合。     

PPH加黏膜柱状缝合、直肠周围高位注射治疗完全性直肠脱垂(附15例报告)

目的：探讨PPH加黏膜柱状缝合、直肠周围高位注射治疗完全性直肠脱垂的手术效果。方法：对15例完全性直肠脱垂（Ⅰ～Ⅱ度）患者，采用PPH加黏膜柱状缝合、直肠周围高位注射治疗。结果：治愈15例，无复发。结论：该术式操作简单，近期疗效好，远期效果有待进一步观察。     

超声介导上调Smad7表达对腹膜炎大鼠腹膜炎症和功能的影响

目的 通过基因转染的方法上调Smad7在大鼠腹膜组织的表达，旨在探讨Smad7的高表达对大鼠腹膜炎模型的炎症反应和腹膜功能的影响。方法 Ⅱ级雄性SD大鼠18只随机分入正常组、对照组和模型组，后两组分别给予空载体和Smad7质粒转染，72 h后腹腔内注射大肠杆菌(E.Coli, ATCC 25922) 10⁹ CFU/kg体重诱导腹膜炎，在48 h后做腹膜功能试验并杀检大鼠。检测腹水及血白细胞计数、腹水细菌菌落计数。间接免疫荧光检测Smad7和CD45在腹膜组织的表达。Western印迹检测腹膜组织Smad7蛋白的表达。应用SPSS 11.0统计软件对腹膜功能与腹水白细胞数和细菌菌落数进行Pearson多元线性相关分析。 结果 与空载体组比较，Smad7转基因组大鼠腹膜组织Smad7的表达、腹水白细胞计数和腹膜组织浸润的白细胞数均显著增加，但腹水细菌菌落计数显著降低、腹膜功能显著恶化。相关分析显示腹膜功能的恶化与腹水白细胞计数相关而与腹水细菌菌落计数无相关。结论 Smad7在大鼠腹膜组织的高表达增强了腹膜局部的炎症反应，而过强的炎症反应导致腹膜功能进一步受损。     

MED术中应用自制器械处理后纵韧带钙化及骨赘增生

目的探讨脊柱后路显微内镜(microendoscopic disectomy,MED)手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症合并后纵韧带钙化及椎体后缘骨赘增生的方法. 方法 MED手术中应用自制弧形纤维环刀和L形打入器治疗115例该类患者. 结果全组随访12～30个月,平均22个月,按MacNab标准:优、良109例,可5例,差1例,优良率94.8(109/115).未出现硬脊膜破裂及神经孙上,未发生椎间隙感染,无中转开放手术. 结论正确运用MED技术,配合采用自制器械及相应的改良方法,能较好地处理合并后纵韧带钙化及椎体后缘骨赘增生的难题,进一步扩大了手术适应证范围,提高了疗效及安全性.     

18F-FDG PET can replace conventional work-up in primary M staging of nonkeratinizing nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Conventional work-up (CWU) with chest radiography, abdominal ultrasonography, and skeletal scintigraphy has limited value in M staging of nonkeratinizing nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Our aim was to evaluate whether (18)F-FDG PET could replace CWU by comparing their diagnostic efficacies. METHODS: Patients with histologically proven nonkeratinizing NPC and no prior treatment were prospectively enrolled. All study participants underwent CWU and (18)F-FDG PET for primary M staging. Distant metastasis was considered to be present if there was any reliable evidence identified within 1 y after diagnosis. The comparative diagnostic efficacies of (18)F-FDG PET, CWU, and the combination of (18)F-FDG PET and CWU (PET+CWU) were evaluated using the areas under the receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS: Sixty-one (20.3%) of 300 eligible patients were found to have distant metastases. On a patient-based analysis, (18)F-FDG PET was found to be more effective than CWU (P < 0.001), whereas it was equally effective with PET+CWU (P = 0.130). On region-based analyses, (18)F-FDG PET was more effective than skeletal scintigraphy and chest radiography for detecting bone metastases (P < 0.001) and chest metastases (P < 0.001), respectively. (18)F-FDG PET and abdominal ultrasound were equally effective for detecting hepatic metastases (P = 0.127). On region-based analyses, the combination of (18)F-FDG PET and CWU did not yield any noticeable increase in diagnostic efficacy. CONCLUSION: (18)F-FDG PET can replace CWU in primary M staging of nonkeratinizing NPC.     

癌症病人症状与生活质量的相关性研究

[目的]探讨恶性肿瘤病人的症状对生活质量(QOL)的影响,以寻找提高其生活质量的护理对策。[方法]采用癌症病人生存质量表,对600例住院恶性肿瘤病人进行调查,并分析其症状与生活质量的相关性。[结果]癌症病人生活质量总分83.00分±22.00分,且症状与生活质量呈负相关(r=0.289,P<0.05)。[结论]在护理过程中,应根据病人的具体情况,实施护理干预,积极控制病人症状,以提高癌症病人生活质量。     

Cutaneous Metastasis From Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Parotid Gland

BACKGROUND: Cutaneous metastasis from adenoid cystic carcinoma of the salivary gland is very rare. OBJECTIVE: To present an unusual case of cutaneous metastasis from adenoid cystic carcinoma of the right parotid gland. METHODS: A 63-year-old woman with multiple subcutaneous nodules on the abdomen and a gradually enlarged mass over the right parotid area was examined. A skin biopsy was taken from one of the abdominal nodules. RESULT: Skin biopsy demonstrated the characteristic histopathologic features of metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma. A subsequent computerized tomography of the head and neck revealed a huge soft tissue mass involving the right parotid gland. Computerized tomography of the chest revealed extensive nodular pleural thickening, and pleural biopsy also showed typical histopathologic features of metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma. All of these results are consistent with the diagnosis of an adenoid cystic carcinoma of the right parotid gland with disseminated metastases. CONCLUSION: We report a rare case of cutaneous metastasis from adenoid cystic carcinoma of the right parotid gland. The presentation of cutaneous metastasis is often nonspecific and may mimic benign lesions. Subcutaneous nodules that are rapidly developing or eruptive, are rapidly growing and have stony hardness in nature, have pain or tenderness, and have nonhealing ulceration remind us of the possibility of cutaneous metastases. Dermatologists and dermatologic surgeons should keep the diagnosis of cutaneous metastasis in mind and always perform skin biopsy when encountering these lesions.