基于人群的身体活动水平与脑卒中发病风险的队列研究

目的 探讨≥40岁成年人身体活动水平对脑卒中发病的影响。方法 通过宁波市2015年具有人群代表性的成年人慢性病监测调查获得身体活动和人口特征基线数据,利用2015-2019年宁波市慢性病监测信息协同管理系统获得脑卒中发病数据,将数据库进行匹配形成队列。身体活动按照每周身体活动量（METs）分为低、中等和高强度身体活动。采用Cox回归分析计算不同身体活动分类脑卒中的发病风险。结果 2015年基线调查共纳入3 353名研究对象,截至2019年12月31日,随访时间（50.28±2.54）个月,共发生脑卒中事件31人,累积发病率为242/10万。多因素Cox回归分析结果显示,在控制性别、年龄、文化程度、吸烟情况、饮酒情况、BMI、是否高血压等因素后,身体活动强度越高,脑卒中发病风险越低,平均降低37.9%（HR=0.621,95%CI：0.393~0.983）。与低强度身体活动者相比,高强度身体活动者脑卒中发病风险降低了63.1%（HR=0.369,95%CI：0.139~0.976）,而中等强度身体活动者与低强度身体活动者的脑卒中发病风险差异无统计学意义（HR=0.712,95%CI：0.323~1.569）。结论 身体活动强度越高,脑卒中发病风险越低,应加强社区支持性环境建设,提高人群身体活动水平。     

抗体依赖的增强作用在传染性疾病中的研究新进展

抗体依赖的增强作用(ADE)是指某些病毒特异性抗体(一般多为非中和抗体)与病毒结合后,通过其Fc段与某些表面表达FcR的细胞结合从而介导病毒内吞和复制,增强病毒感染的过程。本文概述了ADE在呼吸道合胞病毒、登革病毒、流感病毒等几种传染性疾病中的相关研究发现,借鉴ADE在几种病毒传染性疾病中发生的情况,探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎发生ADE的可能性及其作用机制,期望为新型冠状病毒肺炎发病机制、重症治疗和疫苗研发提供一些见解。     

大学生手机成瘾与心理健康的关系:注意偏向的中介作用

目的 探讨大学本科生手机成瘾与心理健康、注意偏向的关系以及注意偏向在手机成瘾和心理健康间的中介作用。方法 选取安徽某高校本科生479名,采用自行设计的一般情况调查表、手机成瘾指数量表、抑郁-焦虑-压力量表、中文版积极/消极注意偏向量表进行问卷调查。结果 共发放问卷500份,其中有效问卷479份,有效回收率为95.8%。大学生手机成瘾总分为(41.18±12.20)分,心理健康总分为(13.88±11.43)分,正性注意偏向总分(42.81±8.69)分,负性注意偏向总分为(29.81±8.22)分。Pearson相关分析表明,手机成瘾与心理健康、负性注意偏向均呈正相关(r=0.453,P<0.01;r=0.404,P<0.01);心理健康与正性注意偏向呈负相关(r=-0.318,P<0.01),与负性注意偏向呈正相关(r=0.567,P<0.01)。结论 大学生注意偏向在手机成瘾与心理健康中起到中介作用,应高度重视大学生手机成瘾对心理健康的危害,以提升其心理健康水平。     

Characterisation of the IgE-binding immunodominant epitopes on Ara h1

Peanut allergy is one of the most severe food allergies due to its persistency and life-threatening character. Serum IgE from patients with documented peanut hypersensitivity reactions and synthetic peptides were used to screen the linear IgE-binding epitopes on the major peanut allergen, Ara h 1. Five major epitopes that bound peanut-specific serum IgE from more than 60% of patients tested were identified. Mutational analysis of the immunodominant epitope showed that single amino acid changes had dramatic effects on IgE-binding characteristics. Mapping and characterisation of the IgE-binding epitopes on Ara h1 could be used in future immunotherapeutic approaches for peanut allergy disease.     

Overexpression of decoy receptor 3 in precancerous lesions and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus

Overexpression of decoy receptor (DcR) 3 protein, a recently discovered member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, was examined in 40 esophagogastrectomy specimens containing areas of Barrett esophagus (n = 27), low-grade dysplasia (n = 27), high-grade dysplasia or carcinoma in situ (n = 22), and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC; n = 28) with immunohistochemical analysis. The results revealed significantly more overexpression of DcR3 in high-grade dysplasia or carcinoma in situ and EAC than in benign esophageal mucosa (both P < .0001), Barrett esophagus (both P < .001), and low-grade dysplasia (P < .01 and P = .033, respectively). Low-grade dysplasia also showed significant overexpression of DcR3 compared with benign esophagus (P < .05) but not with Barrett esophagus (P > .05). DcR3 overexpression seems to negatively correlate with the grade of EAC. Our results suggest that overexpression of DcR3 protein might aid in the diagnosis of high-grade dysplasia or carcinoma in situ and EAC and also might serve as a potential therapeutic target.     

The expression of placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) and PLAP-like enzymes in normal and neoplastic human tissues. An immunohistological survey using monoclonal antibodies

The immunohistological expression of placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) and PLAP-like enzyme was studied in frozen sections from a wide variety (n = 254) of normal and malignant tissues using monoclonal antibodies reactive with PLAP (H317) and PLAP/PLAP-like enzyme (H17E2; H315). PLAP/PLAP-like reactivity was seen in normal thymus, and foetal and neonatal testis, and in 21 out of 22 malignant germ cell tumours (GCTs), but was also found in normal endocervix, normal Fallopian tube and in 28 out of 167 non-GCTs (particularly in ovarian and proximal gastrointestinal tract tumours). Positivity for true PLAP (as demonstrated with H317) was seen in term placenta, in endocervix, and in Fallopian tube (but not in other normal tissues) and was commonly found in ovarian and proximal gastrointestinal tract tumours. Reactivity with H317 was unusual in malignant GCTs (2 out of 22 cases). These findings confirm that PLAP/PLAP-like positivity is a highly sensitive immunohistological marker for malignant GCTs, but one which by itself is of only moderate specificity. Furthermore, expression of true PLAP is rare in GCTs and favours instead an origin from the ovary or proximal gastrointestinal tract. The results also indicate that the predominant heat-stable alkaline phosphatase species in normal foetal and neonatal testis, and in thymus has a similar immunohistological profile to that found in malignant GCTs, and is a PLAP-like enzyme ("germ cell alkaline phosphatase") distinct from true PLAP. The occurrence of this marker in GCTs would appear to reflect increased eutopic production of an enzyme present in trace amount in corresponding normal tissues rather than a genuine example of ectopic expression.     

Direct protective effect of interleukin-10 on articular chondrocytes in vitro

Objective To assess whether interleukin-10 (IL-10) is chondroprotective in vitro.Methods Chondrocytes were isolated from femoral cartilage of rats (7-10 days) by digesti on with collagenase Ⅱ.The first passage cells were grown in 24- well plates with DMEM, supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, for 2-4 days.The ce lls were then cultured in 0.1% fetal bovine serum DMEM medium, and given respec tively interleu kin-1 (IL-1) 100 μ/ml, IL-1 100 μ/ml+recombinant murine interleukin-10 ( rmIL-10) 20 ng/ml, rmIL-10 20 ng/ml, and cultured for 48 hours.Scanning el ectron morphology and immunohistochemical study of nitric oxide synthase 2 and matric metalloproteinase 3 mRNA in situ hybridization were performe d.Cell proliferation and morphology were observed under inverted microscope fr om the beginning of cell culture for three weeks.Results IL-1 stimulated granule production in the cytoplasma of chondrocytes, and the c ells died in the second and third weeks of culture.IL-10 antagonized IL-1, p rotected the cells from death and maintained chondrocyte proliferation.Scannin g electron morphology showed that IL-1 stimulated the formation of numerous mic rovilli on the cell surface, while thin and less numerous microvilli were found in cultures with IL-10.Immunohistochemical study and in situ hybridization sh owed that IL-10 inhibited NOS2 and MMP3 expression.Conclusion IL-10 not only inhibits the synthesis of inflammatory cytokines, but also direc tly protects chondrocytes by antagonizing IL-1.     

结核分枝杆菌异烟肝耐药基因突变的研究

目的：了解我国结核分枝杆菌耐异烟肼（INH）分离株katG基因突变情况,探讨快速检测结核分枝杆菌耐药基因型的分子药敏检测方法。方法：用PCR单链构象多态性（PCR－SSCP）和PCR直接测序法（PCR－DS）检测30株结核分枝杆菌临床分离株的katG基因。结果：以结核分枝杆菌H37Rv标准株对照观察所有INH敏感株的PCR－SSCP和PCR－DS图谱,均未发现异常;而在12株INH耐药株中,有4株无PCR－SSCP和PCR－DS图谱异常,占INH耐药株的33．4％;有5株在94位发生核苷酸错义突变,占INH耐药株41．7％,有3株在96位发生核苷酸同义突变,占INH耐药株的25％。结论：多数结核分枝杆菌对INH是由于其katC基因突变所致,可先用PCR－SSCP筛选突变株,再用PCR－DS方法测定其突变位点,达到快速检测结核分枝杆菌INH耐药基因型的目的。     

醒脑静注射液对脑出血病人高热昏迷的疗效观察

目的：观察醒脑静注射液对脑出血病人高热与意识障碍的疗效。方法：按随机分组法将100例有高热与意识障碍的脑出血病人随机分为治疗组及对照组,治疗组在常规方法上加用醒脑静注射液,对照组采用常规方法。结果：治疗组恢复时间明显短于对照组。结论：醒脑静注射液对脑出血高热及意识障碍有明显治疗效果。     

三磷酸腺苷生物荧光液闪测定法检测活细胞计数

为建立一种检测活细胞数的方法,作者采用三磷酸腺苷(ATP)生物荧光液闪测定法检测小鼠纤维瘤细胞株L929.ATP标准曲线工作范围为10 -9～10-5mol/ml,相关系数r=0.9963(P＜0.001);当活细胞数在3×1 02～106个/ml时与发光计数值有良好的线性关系,r=0.9922(P＜0.001),变异系数 CV = 1%～3%.用ATP生物荧光液闪测定法检测活细胞数灵敏、简便、准确、重复性好,用液闪计数仪即可完成测定,有较大的实用价值.