针刺加重复经颅磁刺激治疗脑卒中后失眠的临床观察

目的:评价“通督调神法”针刺加重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)治疗脑卒中后失眠的临床疗效。方法:将72例脑卒中后失眠患者随机分为2组,每组36例。对照组采用频率1 Hz、运动阈值90%的rTMS治疗,观察组在对照组rTMS治疗基础上加“通督调神法”针刺治疗。穴位取百会、神庭、印堂、风府、四神聪、神门、三阴交、申脉和照海。每日治疗1次,每周治疗5d后休息2d,共治疗4周。现察两组治疗后匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)、焦虑自测量表(SAS)和抑部自测量表(SDS)评分改善情况,并进行两组临床疗效比较。结果:治疗4周后,两组PSQK SAS及SDS评分均降低,组内差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.001);观察组治疗后三项评分均低于对照组,组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.05,P<0.001),现察组和对照组临床疗效差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:“通督调神法”针刺加rTMS治疗脑卒中后失眠疗效优于单独rTMS治疗,且能更好地改善患者焦虑、抑耶情绪。     

Insomnia symptoms increase during pregnancy,but no increase in sleepiness - Associations with symptoms of depression and anxiety

ObjectiveTo evaluate alteration in insomnia and sleepiness symptoms during pregnancy and assess early pregnancy risk factors for these symptoms, especially depressive and anxiety symptoms.MethodsA cohort of 1858 women was enrolled from the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study. Insomnia and sleepiness symptoms were measured in early, mid- and late pregnancy with the Basic Nordic Sleep Questionnaire. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and anxiety symptoms with the Symptom Checklist-90/Anxiety Scale. General linear models for repeated measures were conducted.ResultsGeneral sleep quality decreased (p < 0.001) and all insomnia types (p < 0.001) and sleep latencies (p < 0.001) increased as pregnancy proceeded. Snoring increased, but witnessed apneas remained rare. Nevertheless, morning (p = 0.019) and daytime (p < 0.001) sleepiness decreased from early to both mid-pregnancy and late pregnancy (p = 0.006 and p = 0.039). Women took more naps in early and late pregnancy compared to mid-pregnancy (both p < 0.001). Women with higher baseline anxiety symptoms had greater increase in sleep latency. At each pregnancy point, higher depressive and anxiety symptoms were associated with higher insomnia (p < 0.001) and sleepiness scores (p < 0.001) and higher depressive symptoms with longer sleep latencies (p < 0.001).ConclusionWe found a marked increase in insomnia symptoms throughout pregnancy. However, sleepiness symptoms did not increase correspondingly. Both depressive and anxiety symptoms in early pregnancy were associated with higher insomnia and sleepiness symptoms in later stages of pregnancy which emphasizes the importance of their assessment in early pregnancy.     

滋肾清肝方治疗阴虚火旺型女性更年期失眠症临床研究

目的:观察滋肾清肝方治疗阴虚火旺型女性更年期失眠症的临床疗效。方法:将阴虚火旺型女性更年期失眠患者130例随机分为观察组和对照组,每组65例;观察组给予滋肾清肝方加减治疗,对照组给予阿普唑仑治疗,4周为1个疗程,共治疗2个疗程;观察2组患者临床疗效、睡眠质量、雌二醇(E2)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)水平及不良反应发生情况。结果:治疗后,2组睡眠质量、入睡时间、睡眠效率、睡眠时间、睡眠障碍、催眠药物、日间功能障碍评分及总分均较治疗前降低(P<0.05);且观察组各项评分均低于对照组(P<0.05)。停药4周后,对照组睡眠质量、入睡时间、睡眠时间、催眠药物评分及总分较治疗后升高(P<0.05);而观察组各项评分及总分较治疗后无明显差异(P>0.05);观察组各项评分及总分均低于对照组(P<0.05)。总有效率观察组为92.31%,对照组为81.53%,2组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,观察组患者E2水平高于治疗前(P<0.05),FSH、LH水平低于治疗前(P<0.05);对照组E2、FSH、LH治疗前后无明显差异(P>0.05)。治疗后观察组E2、FSH、LH水平较对照组明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗期间观察组未见明显不良反应,对照组不良反应发生率为9.23%,2组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:滋肾清肝方治疗阴虚火旺型女性更年期失眠患者,可明显提高睡眠质量,改善内分泌激素水平,且长期疗效较好,不良反应少,安全有效。     

Cross-lagged longitudinal analysis of pain intensity and sleep disturbance

BackgroundThere is substantial evidence that pain intensity and sleep are related, with findings generally suggesting more support for the influence of sleep on pain intensity than vice versa. However, the strength and direction of the relationship has been found to vary among different populations, with few studies in individuals with chronic physical disabilities.ObjectiveExamine the directionality of the sleep and pain relationship in individuals with chronic physical disabilities.MethodsCross-lagged effects models were generated using data from a longitudinal observational survey study of individuals (N = 1660) with multiple sclerosis (MS), muscular dystrophy (MD), post-polio syndrome (PPS), and spinal cord injury (SCI). Models evaluated the correlational effects of sleep disturbance and pain intensity, as well as the cross-lagged effects of sleep disturbance to pain intensity and vice versa.ResultsThe effects of pain on sleep were stronger than sleep on pain, although the magnitude of the effects were both relatively weak. Analyses within individual samples were consistent with the overall sample results for MS, MD, and PPS. In the SCI sample the magnitude and direction of the cross-lagged model paths were more variable than in the other samples.ConclusionsThe relationship between pain intensity and sleep disturbance appears bi-directional, but the effects are small in a sample of individuals with long-term disabilities. The temporal effects of pain on sleep disturbance appear stronger than the effects of sleep disturbance on pain intensity. Future research is needed to better understand this relationship in the context of pain and/or sleep disturbance treatments.     

Sleep disturbances and restless legs syndrome in postmenopausal women with early breast cancer given adjuvant aromatase inhibitor therapy

IntroductionWhether adjuvant therapy with aromatase inhibitors (AIs) causes sleep disturbances or not in postmenopausal women with early breast cancer (EBC) is still a controversial issue.MethodsBetween March 2014 and November 2017, validated questionnaires for assessing insomnia, anxiety, depression, quality of life (QoL) and restless legs syndrome (RLS) were administered to 160 EBC patients at baseline and after 3, 6, 12, and 24 months of AI therapy.ResultsAI therapy significantly decreased the patients’ QoL, but did not influence insomnia, anxiety or depression. However, it significantly increased the frequency and severity of RLS. Patients with RLS at baseline (19%) or who developed RLS during AI therapy (26.3%) reported statistically lower quality of sleep, higher anxiety and depression, and worse QoL compared to patients who never reported RLS (54.7%).ConclusionAlthough AI therapy does not affect sleep quality, it may increase RLS frequency. The presence of RLS could identify a group of EBC patients who may benefit from psychological support.     

中医五行音乐疗法结合耳穴压豆改善肝火扰心失眠患者的效果体会

目的:探讨中医五行音乐疗法结合耳穴压豆改善肝火扰心失眠患者的效果。方法:选择我院在2016年10月1日-2018年9月30日收治的60例肝火扰心失眠患者。随机分为观察组与对照组各30例,对照组采用耳穴压豆法治疗,观察组采用中医五行音乐疗法结合耳穴压豆法治疗。治疗后比较两组的中医证候积分、睡眠时间与睡眠质量。结果:经过4个疗程治疗后,观察组中医证候积分低于对照组,睡眠时间长于对照组,睡眠质量优于对照组,组间各项数据均有明显差异,P<0.05。结论:在治疗肝火扰心失眠时,中医五行音乐疗法结合耳穴压豆法的临床疗效比常规药物治疗的疗效更加明显,患者失眠情况改善明显,值得在临床上进一步推广应用。     

The influence of placebo administration on the first- night effect in patients with insomnia disorder

ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the effects of placebo on the first-night effect (FNE) in insomniacs.MethodsIn sum, 36 patients with insomnia disorder who met the DSM-5 criteria were enrolled in this study. Sixteen patients with insomnia disorder were given two days of placebo intervention (placebo-administration group, PL). Twenty patients with insomnia disorder (drug-free group, DF) were not given any interventions. All participants underwent two consecutive nights of polysomnographic (PSG) testing in the sleep laboratory. Sleep diaries were recorded during one week at home before the PSG nights and on two subsequent nights.ResultsThe results demonstrated that compared with the DF group, sleep onset latency (SOL), time in bed (TIB) and wake after sleep onset (WASO) significantly increased and sleep efficiency (SE) significantly decreased in the first sleep lab night in the PL group (all p < 0.05). Moreover, compared with the second night, significant differences were observed in lower self-reported total sleep time (TST) and more subjective WASO during the first night in the PL group (all p < 0.05). However, no significant difference was found in the duration and percentage of N1, N2, N3 and REM between the two groups.ConclusionIn patients with insomnia disorder, placebo administration may increase the occurrence of worse sleep without causing a change in the duration and percentage of N1, N2, N3 and REM on the first sleep lab night. In some cases, a placebo may not serve as treatment but may result in a nocebo effect.     

Using recreational cannabis to treat insomnia: Evidence from over-the-counter sleep aid sales in Colorado

This study seeks to understand whether people substitute between recreational cannabis and conventional over-the-counter (OTC) sleep medications. UPC-level grocery store scanner data in a multivariable panel regression design were used to compare the change in the monthly market share of sleep aids with varying dispensary-based recreational cannabis access (existence, sales, and count) in Colorado counties between 12/2013 and 12/2014. We measured annually-differenced market shares for sleep aids as a portion of the overall OTC medication market, thus accounting for store-level demand shifts in OTC medication markets and seasonality, and used the monthly changes in stores’ sleep aid market share to control for short-term trends. Relative to the overall OTC medication market, sleep aid market shares were growing prior to recreational cannabis availability. The trend reverses (a 236% decrease) with dispensary entry (−0.33 percentage points, 95% CI −0.43 to −0.24, p < 0.01) from a mean market share growth of 0.14 ± 0.97. The magnitude of the market share decline increases as more dispensaries enter a county and with higher county-level cannabis sales. The negative associations are driven by diphenhydramine- and doxylamine-based sleep aids rather than herbal sleep aids and melatonin. These findings support survey evidence that many individuals use cannabis to treat insomnia, although sleep disturbances are not a specific qualifying condition under any U.S. state-level medical cannabis law. Investigations designed to measure the relative effectiveness and side effect profiles of conventional OTC sleep aids and cannabis-based products are urgently needed to improve treatment of sleep disturbances while minimizing potentially serious negative side effects.     

中缝核miR-16与5-羟色胺转运体在失眠模型大鼠中的表达

目的研究中缝核miR-16以及5-羟色胺转运体(serotonin transporter,SERT)的表达在失眠症发病机制中的作用。方法 20只雌性SD大鼠,随机分成对照组和失眠组。失眠组大鼠接受腹腔注射对氯苯丙氨酸(pchlorophenalanine,PCPA)350 mg/(kg·d),连续3 d,对照组给予等量生理盐水。取中缝核组织,测定其miR-16、SERT m RNA与SERT蛋白水平,进行注射前后的组间比较。结果失眠组大鼠中缝核miR-16相对水平(1.23±0.33)与对照组(0.71±0.25)比较明显升高,差异具有统计学意义(t=6.68,P=0.000);而失眠组SERT mRNA相对水平(0.68±0.14)以及SERT蛋白相对水平(0.28±0.11)显著低于相应的对照组(1.06±0.30,0.57±0.15)(t=3.94,P=0.004;t=4.69,P=0.002)。结论中缝核miR-16以及SERT的异常表达,可能参与了失眠症的发病机制。     

从脾胃论治失眠探析

失眠病因病机复杂,皆与五脏六腑有关。《黄帝内经》言"胃不和则卧不安",概括了胃不和导致不寐的病理机制。内伤脾胃,百病始生。若忧思劳倦过度伤脾,脾胃亏虚,运化失调,精微化生无源,气血虚衰,意不入舍,心失所养或宿食痰火内停,胃失和降,浊邪上扰均可导致阴不涵阳,阳不入阴,心神不安,从而导致不寐。笔者通过探讨脾胃与失眠的关系,明晰从脾胃论治失眠的机制,进而更好地指导临床治疗用药。