Interrelationships between Cellular Density,Mosaic Patterning,and Dendritic Coverage of VGluT3 Amacrine Cells

Amacrine cells of the retina are conspicuously variable in their morphologies, their population demographics, and their ensuing functions. Vesicular glutamate transporter 3 (VGluT3) amacrine cells are a recently characterized type of amacrine cell exhibiting local dendritic autonomy. The present analysis has examined three features of this VGluT3 population, including their density, local distribution, and dendritic spread, to discern the extent to which these are interrelated, using male and female mice. We first demonstrate that Bax-mediated cell death transforms the mosaic of VGluT3 cells from a random distribution into a regular mosaic. We subsequently examine the relationship between cell density and mosaic regularity across recombinant inbred strains of mice, finding that, although both traits vary across the strains, they exhibit minimal covariation. Other genetic determinants must therefore contribute independently to final cell number and to mosaic order. Using a conditional KO approach, we further demonstrate that Bax acts via the bipolar cell population, rather than cell-intrinsically, to control VGluT3 cell number. Finally, we consider the relationship between the dendritic arbors of single VGluT3 cells and the distribution of their homotypic neighbors. Dendritic field area was found to be independent of Voronoi domain area, while dendritic coverage of single cells was not conserved, simply increasing with the size of the dendritic field. Bax-KO retinas exhibited a threefold increase in dendritic coverage. Each cell, however, contributed less dendrites at each depth within the plexus, intermingling their processes with those of neighboring cells to approximate a constant volumetric density, yielding a uniformity in process coverage across the population.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Different types of retinal neuron spread their processes across the surface of the retina to achieve a degree of dendritic coverage that is characteristic of each type. Many of these types achieve a constant coverage by varying their dendritic field area inversely with the local density of like-type neighbors. Here we report a population of retinal amacrine cells that do not develop dendritic arbors in relation to the spatial positioning of such homotypic neighbors; rather, this cell type modulates the extent of its dendritic branching when faced with a variable number of overlapping dendritic fields to approximate a uniformity in dendritic density across the retina.     

人格特质对二胎返岗护士产适应水平的影响

目的 了解二胎返岗护士适应水平现状,并探讨人格特质对其返岗适应水平的影响。方法 2018年1-12月,采用便利抽样法选取山东省3所三级甲等医院360名护士为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、艾森克人格问卷、护士产后返岗适应问卷对其进行调查。结果 护士产二胎后返岗适应水平均分为(2.16±0.51)分;外向型人格特征与返岗适应水平呈正相关(r=0.540,P<0.001),精神质、神经质人格特征与返岗适应水平均呈负相关(r=-0.410,P<0.001;r=-0.350,P<0.001)。多元线性回归分析结果显示,年龄、返岗时间、工作负荷、返岗培训、内-外倾向、精神质、神经质是护士产二胎后返岗适应的独立影响因素。结论 护士产二胎后返岗适应处于中等偏下水平,人格特质、生育年龄、返岗时间、工作负荷、返岗培训为其影响因素,护理管理者可结合人格特质等特点采取管理策略,提高护士产二胎后返岗适应的水平。     

69份苦玄参种质SSR遗传多样性及品质性状相关标记分析

目的:采用简单重复序列(SSR)分子标记技术对广西苦玄参主产区69份苦玄参种质样本进行遗传多样性及亲缘关系分析,并筛选与苦玄参苷含量相关联的优良种质基因。为苦玄参种质资源评价、遗传进化分析及分子标记辅助育种等提供依据。方法:基于转录组测序技术,开发20对引物进行批量扩增。利用各标记位点的遗传多态信息,分析69份苦玄参种质的遗传多样性及亲缘关系,并通过一元线性和多元逐步回归分析,筛选与苦玄参苷含量相关联的分子标记。结果:20对SSR引物共扩增出76个等位基因,平均每个位点观测等位基因3.8个,高于有效等位基因数(1.9692个),稀有等位基因率为38.2%,等位基因分布不均匀。等位基因多态率范围为0~59%,平均38.24%,各位点多态率差异较大。各位点多态信息含量(PIC)变化范围为0~0.6211,平均0.3780;Shannon多态性信息指数变化范围为0~1.2401,平均0.7590;Nei’s基因多样性指数(Nei)变化范围为0~0.6823,平均0.4409;以上3个指标最高的为P21,最低为P7,各位点遗传多样性存在较大差异。各位点平均观测杂合度为0.3824,低于平均期望杂合度(0.4425),表现为杂合子缺失;平均遗传分化系数Fst为0.3659;基因流Nm平均值为0.4332,种质遗传分化较大,基因流较小。一元线性回归分析和多元逐步回归分析结果表明,与苦玄参苷IA和IB相关的位点各有5个,其中仅有1个位点与2个成分的含量均相关。结论:20个SSR标记位点遗传多样性存在较大的差异,供试69份种质遗传分化大,基因流较小;从供试20个SSR标记中筛选出9个与苦玄参苷含量相关联的标记位点,试验结果可为苦玄参遗传进化分析及良种选育和繁育等提供依据。     

Quantitative immunoblotting assay of blood coagulation factor XII

The immunoblotting technique was applied to the study of Factor XII (F.XII) in plasma. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of whole plasma followed by electroblotting of the electropherograms to nitrocellulose (NC) membranes and immunologic detection by a double antibody technique was used. ¹²⁵-F.XII was transferred to the NC membrane in amounts proportional to the amount applied to the gel provided that a constant amount of carrier protein was present. Based on this, a quantitative assay was developed using either normal plasma or F.XII dilutions in F.XII-deficient plasma as standards. The measurement of F.XII antigen by immunoblotting was reproducible and gave values similar to those obtained by radial immunodiffusion. Two normal plasma pools contained 26 and 29 μ/ml of F.XII according to the immunoblotting assay. Compared to other immunoassays, immunoblotting has the advantage of directly estimating the apparent molecular weight (MW) of the protein of interest. Thus, we could confirm the normal apparent MW (80,000) of a F.XII-like molecule previously isolated from a cross reacting material (CRM)-positive F.XII-deficient plasma. None of eight CRM-negative F.XII-deficient plasmas showed an 80,000 MW immunoreactive molecule. However, five of these eight plasmas had a faint autoradiographic band at 115,000 MW that was similarly seen in only three out of 43 individual normal plasmas. The nature of this 115,000 MW band remains to be defined.     

研究生主观幸福感与人格特征相关研究

目的探讨研究生的主观幸福感与人格的关系。方法采用艾森克人格问卷量表与总体主观幸福感量表（GWB）对200名研究生进行测验。结果（1）在专业、性别、年级、年龄、婚姻状况上及来源上，研究生的主观幸福感不存在显著差异。（2）相关分析表明外向性人格纬度与总体幸福感存在显著的正相关，神经质与总体幸福感存在显著的负相关。稳定外向型和稳定内向型人格的总体幸福感水平最高，其次是不稳定外向型人格，总体幸福感水平最低的是不稳定内向型人格。结论外向性与神经质等人格特征是影响研究生幸福感的重要因素。     

Optimal Selection of Sib Pairs from Random Samples for Linkage Analysis of a QTL Using the EDAC Test

Percentages of extremely concordant and extremely discordant sib pairs are calculated that maximize the power to detect a quantitative trait locus (QTL) under a variety of circumstances using the EDAC test. We assume a large fixed number of randomly sampled sib pairs, such as one would hope to find in the large twin registries, and limited resources to genotype a certain number of selected sib pairs. Our aim is to investigate whether optimal selection can be achieved when prior knowledge concerning the QTL gene action, QTL allele frequency, QTL effect size, and background (residual) sib correlation is limited or absent. To this end we calculate the best selection percentages for a large number of models, which differ in QTL gene action allele frequency, background correlation, and QTL effect size. By averaging these percentages over gene action, over allele frequency, over gene action, and over allele frequencies, we arrive at general recommendations concerning selection percentages. The soundness of these recommendations is subsequently in a number of test cases.     

Norepinephrine transporter and α2c adrenoceptor allelic variants and personality factors

It has been suggested that reward dependence, as measured by the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ), is related to central noradrenergic activity, a proposition supported by two studies of urinary norepinephrine metabolite. In the current investigation, 190 normal young Han Chinese were examined, with genetic polymorphisms determined for the norepinephrine transporter (1287G/A) and the α_2c‐adrenoceptor (Del322–325) to test the association with TPQ personality traits. No significant association was demonstrated for these two polymorphisms and any of the TPQ personality‐factor scores, including reward dependence and its subscales. Our negative findings suggest that the investigated polymorphisms of the norepinephrine transporter and the α_2c adrenoceptor do not play a major role in the reward‐dependence personality trait as assessed by TPQ. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Analysis of clozapine response and polymorphisms of the dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4) in schizophrenic patients

We have examined the hypothesis that a variable number of tandem repeats in the third cytoplasmic loop of the dopamine D4 receptor influences clinical response to clozapine using a sample of 189 schizophrenic patients. Alleles of the 48-bp repeat, which range from two to ten copies in the normal human population, were analysed by the polymerase chain reaction using genomic DNA as template. Association between these alleles and response to clozapine was tested using the difference in pre-and post-treatment GAS scores as a measure of response. We found no statistically significant variation between genotypic groups and response by analysis of variance. We conclude that the variation of the number of 48-bp repeats alone does not determine response to clozapine. Larger studies are underway to determine if there is a more subtle relationship with sequence variation within the repeats or at other polymorphic sites within the gene that may provide evidence for a component of clozapine's action being at D4 receptors. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

EVOKED POTENTIALS OF OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER： STATE OR TRAIT MARKER

Objective To investigate the status of evoked potentials in obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD). Methods Evoked potentials P300, auditory brainstem response (ABR) and visual evoked potential ( VEP) were recorded from 35 OCD patients and 28 normal controls (NC) with a Nicolet Spirit Instrument. 23 of the OCD patients were followed up after 5 months with the same markers. Results Compared with NC, OCD patients showed decreased P3 of P300 amplitude (OCD group 3. 5 ±1. 6μv vs. NC group 5.9 ±2. 1μv, P <0. 01), delayed V latency (6.4±0. 4ms vs. 5. 5 ±0. 3ms, P <0. 01) and increased V amplitude(0. 35±0. 1μv vs. 0. 16 ±0.09μv, P <0. 05) of ABR and delayed P2 of VEP latency (199±39ms vs. 183±28ms, P <0. 05). The follow-up measures of evoked potentials suggested that decreased P3 of P300 amplitude and delayed P2 of VEP latency might be state markers of OCD, while decreased V amplitude and delayed V of ABR latency might be trait markers of OCD. Conclusion The changes of P300 and VEP are related to clini     

The effects of an HIV/AIDS educational programme on the anxiety level of nursing students

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a serious disease that has special concern for the health care provider. AIDS has continued to grow despite control efforts. As the disease infectivity period remains lengthy, and the heterosexual population is affected to a greater degree, the level of anxiety has also risen despite educational endeavours. Many fears and anxieties have been associated with AIDS patients by health care workers. The reduction of stress, perceived risk and discomfort following educational efforts have been supported in past research. Educational programmes will need to be given for current health care workers at all levels as well as nursing students. Future nurses must be prepared to meet this challenge. This study was conducted using a convenience sample of nursing students at a university in western United States. Its purpose was to assess any changes that occurred in state anxiety following an educational presentation. Spielberge's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was used as the measurement instrument. Some anxiety levels were significantly reduced.