基于正交试验优选益母草配方颗粒提取工艺

目的:运用正交试验优化益母草配方颗粒工艺提取,为益母草配方颗粒的生产工艺提供理论依据。方法:以料液比、提取次数和提取时间3个因素设计L9(34)正交试验,以水苏碱含量、益母草碱含量与浸膏得率三者的综合考察指标作为评价指标,优选益母草配方颗粒提取工艺。结果:优选工艺为料液比1∶12,提取2次,每次1.5 h,优化后的提取工艺经3个产地每个产地进3次平行验证试验,水苏碱的提取含量在34.29~35.93 mg·g^-1,益母草碱的提取含量在2.88~3.01 mg·g^-1,浸膏得率在25.11%~26.42%,3个评价指标的RSD均小于2.0%,以及三者的综合考察值在0.93~0.97。结论:优选的提取工艺方法稳定可靠,水苏碱、益母草碱及浸膏的提取率较高,为规范和标准化益母草配方颗粒生产研究工艺提供一定的参考依据。     

水苏糖对地黄根际土壤微生物失衡的影响

目的通过水苏糖铵盐培养液对土壤细菌生长的影响,证明水苏糖对土壤细菌具有"筛选作用"。方法采用比浊法,在初始菌悬液浓度一致的前提下,每2h于600nm处测定菌悬液的吸光度值并绘制生长曲线,以定量分析水苏糖对土壤细菌生长的影响情况。结果大多数土壤细菌不能很好地利用水苏糖,仅少数土壤细菌在水苏糖培养液中生长良好。结论大多数土壤细菌不能很好地利用水苏糖作为其能源物质,因此可能造成根际细菌的种类和数量大幅下降,仅少数可较好利用水苏糖的土壤细菌活动旺盛,这些能够良好利用水苏糖的土壤细菌有可能作为"优势菌"大量繁殖,从而造成地黄根部土壤微生物失衡。     

生长期内丹参不同部位中水苏糖含量的动态变化

目的研究丹参生长期内不同部位中水苏糖成分的动态变化。方法采用HPLC-ELSD法分别测定不同生长期内丹参根、茎和叶中水苏糖的含量。结果不同部位中水苏糖成分的含量差别较大,丹参根中含量最高,其次为茎,叶中含量最低,不同生长期各部位中水苏糖成分的含量呈现有规律的变化。结论采用高效液相法测定丹参中水苏糖成分的含量,方法简单、可靠,为丹参中水苏糖类成分的开发利用提供了依据。     

Downregulating the sucrose transporter VpSUT1 in Verbascum phoeniceum does not inhibit phloem loading

Sucrose is loaded into the phloem in the minor veins of leaves before export. Two active, species-specific loading mechanisms have been proposed. One involves transporter-mediated sucrose transfer from the apoplast into the sieve element-companion cell complex, so-called apoplastic loading. In the putative second mechanism, sucrose follows an entirely symplastic pathway, and the solute concentration is elevated by the synthesis of raffinose and stachyose in the phloem, not by transporter activity. Several sucrose-transporting plants have been shown to be apoplastic loaders by downregulating sucrose transporter 1 (SUT1), leading to accumulation of sugars and leaf chlorosis. In this study we compared the effect of downregulating SUT1 in Nicotiana tabacum, a sucrose transporter, and Verbascum phoeniceum, a species that transports raffinose and stachyose. To test the effectiveness of RNAi downregulation, we measured SUT1 mRNA levels and sucrose-H⁺ symport in leaf discs. Mild NtSUT1 downregulation in N. tabacum resulted in the pronounced phenotype associated with loading inhibition. In contrast, no such phenotype developed when VpSUT1 was downregulated in V. phoeniceum, leaving minimal sucrose transport activity. Only those plants with the most severe VpSUT1 downregulation accumulated more carbohydrate than usual and these plants were normal by other criteria: growth rate, photosynthesis, and ability to clear starch during the night. The results provide direct evidence that the mechanism of phloem loading in V. phoeniceum does not require active sucrose uptake from the apoplast and strongly supports the conclusion that the loading pathway is symplastic in this species.     

地黄寡糖的吸收动力学研究

目的：研究地黄寡糖在小鼠及大鼠体内的吸收和吸收部位。方法：用高效液相色谱／柱后荧光衍生化法测定小鼠口服和静脉注射水苏糖后的血药浓度；大鼠原位肠灌流模型研究水苏糖的吸收和吸收部位；肠抑菌实验室观察水苏糖在肠道内的代谢。结果：口服吸收快但很少?生物利用度为３．８２％，在胃、十二指肠、空肠和回收的吸收率分别为６．０３％、１３．８０％、８．３３％和０．５３％，在大肠内不吸收，正常组及卡那霉素抑菌组的小鼠灌     

水苏糖抗衰老活性及机制研究

目的:利用秀丽隐杆线虫(以下简称线虫)模型,研究水苏糖在体内抗衰老活性及作用机制。方法:通过测定野生型N2线虫的体长、头部摆动频率、脂褐素、氧化应激和热应激探讨水苏糖的抗氧化效果。通过测定转基因TJ356线虫的衰变加速因子-16(DAF-16)蛋白核转位和CF1553线虫体内超氧化物歧化酶-3(SOD-3)表达探讨水苏糖抗衰老的分子机制。结果:水苏糖显著改善了N2线虫的头部摆动频率(P<0.001),降低了脂褐素的沉积(P<0.01),显著延长了线虫的耐热性(P<0.001)。水苏糖能够促进TJ356线虫DAF-16核转位,显著提升CF1553线虫体内SOD-3蛋白的表达水平。结论:水苏糖的抗氧化效果显著,可能与胰岛素/胰岛素样生长因子1信号通路(IIS)的信号传导有关,通过促进DAF-16的转录、激发SOD-3的表达实现对细胞的保护作用。     

辅料砂仁、陈皮对熟地黄炮制前后化学成分的影响研究

目的分析不同砂仁陈皮制熟地黄炮制前后的化学成分含量变化,探讨辅料砂仁、陈皮在熟地黄加工过程中的炮制作用。方法采用HPLC法建立生地黄、砂仁陈皮制熟地黄及缺不同辅料熟地黄炮制品图谱,结合《中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统》(2012版)、SPSS 21.0、SIMCA 14.1软件进行分析,并对7个非糖成分(梓醇、地黄苷D、5-羟甲基糠醛、益母草苷、毛蕊花糖苷、异类叶升麻苷、橙皮苷)和8个糖类成分(D-果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、蜜二糖、棉子糖、甘露三糖、水苏糖、毛蕊花糖)进行含量测定。结果生地黄、砂仁陈皮制熟地黄与缺不同辅料砂仁陈皮制熟地黄炮制品在成分空间上存在差异;含量测定结果表明,生地黄炮制后,单糖含量增加,寡糖、苷类含量总体呈减少趋势,生、熟地黄之间以及佐以砂仁、陈皮都使地黄成分含量存在差别,且砂仁陈皮制熟地黄中D-果糖、葡萄糖、甘露三糖含量相较于砂仁陈皮制熟地黄(缺砂仁、缺陈皮)分别增加了29.24%、57.14%、44.65%。结论辅料砂仁、陈皮的加入是其化学成分含量变化的重要因素,为阐述砂仁陈皮制熟地黄的炮制机制提供依据。     

水苏糖对环磷酰胺所致肝损伤保护作用的研究

目的:探讨水苏糖对环磷酰胺所致小鼠肝损伤的保护作用。方法:采用荷瘤小鼠腹腔注射环磷酰胺制作肝损伤模型。灌胃给予水苏糖,观察水苏糖对环磷酰胺所致肝损伤肝指数、生化指标的影响。结果:与阴性对照比较,水苏糖各剂量组均可降低小鼠肝损伤肝指数,降低AST、ALT和MDA含量,同时升高肝组织SOD水平。结论:水苏糖对环磷酰胺所致肝损伤具有保护作用。     

Extracts from Radix Astragali and Radix Rehmanniae Promote Keratinocyte Proliferation by Regulating Expression of Growth Factor Receptors

Chinese herbal medicine has long been used as a treatment for wounds. However, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study it was shown that the proliferation of keratinocytes, which is known to play an important role in wound healing as the major cell type in the epidermis, was promoted by three herbal extracts/natural compounds: NF3 (an extract from the mixture of Radix Astragali (RA) and Radix Rehmanniae (RR) in the ratio of 2:1), stachyose (an isolated compound from Radix Rehmanniae) and extract P2‐2 (a sub‐fraction from the extract of Radix Astragali). The effect of the herbal extracts/natural compounds on the growth of keratinocytes was not influenced by a high glucose level, a condition similar to diabetic patients who usually suffer from diabetic foot ulcers. Real time RT‐PCR results showed that the expression of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, but not transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) receptor, was up‐regulated by NF3. Moreover, treatments with the EGF receptor kinase inhibitor AG1478 and the MEK inhibitor U0126 resulted in the diminishment of the effect of the three herbal extracts/natural compounds on keratinocyte proliferation, indicating that EGF receptor might have a significant role in this action. This study has further elucidated the molecular mechanism under which herbal extracts/natural compounds exert their effects on the wound healing process. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

体内朝阳恒生液动物通便功能实验研究

目的 了解植物提取膳食纤维水苏糖产品润肠通便功能情况。方法采用动物功能学试验。结果该产品经动物通便功能试验，体现小肠运动和排便功能与对照组有高度显著性差别。结论根据《保健食品检验与评价技术规范》，说明提取植物膳食纤维水苏糖产品冲剂具有通便作用。