从掺混肥料的发展现状谈其国家标准制定的设想

介绍我国掺混肥料行业发展现状,存在的主要问题,提出制定掺混肥料国家标准的设想。     

超声波提取快速测定复混肥料中的水溶性磷

研究超声波提取复混肥料中水溶性磷的方法及提取条件对测定结果的影响,该方法与国家标准GB150632001《复混肥料》中规定的方法比较,操作简单、省时,准确度较高,RSD值小于0.5%。     

一种复合微生物菌肥对穿心莲生长、品质及土壤性质的影响

目的：研究一种微生物复合菌肥对穿心莲生长、品质及土壤性质的影响,旨在为穿心莲栽培生产中微生物复合菌肥的应用提供依据。方法：通过盆栽的共5个处理试验,CK（不施肥）组、A处理（施化肥）组、B处理（施微生物菌肥,施用量为2.5 g·kg-1土）组、C处理（施微生物菌肥,施用量为7.5 g·kg-1土）组、D处理（施微生物菌肥,施用量为12.5 g·kg-1土）组,研究一种复合微生物菌肥对穿心莲的农艺性状、有效成分含量及根际土壤细菌、放线菌、真菌的数量和土壤理化性质的影响。结果：施加一定量的复合微生物菌肥,穿心莲的株高、叶片数、叶面积、地上部、地下部鲜重较CK组和A处理组显著升高,不同生长期有差异。复合微生物菌肥对穿心莲内酯、脱水穿心莲内酯、新穿心莲内酯及14-去氧穿心莲内酯含量影响有差异,与CK组、A处理组比较,C处理组的穿心莲内酯分别明显升高26.13%、13.23%(P<0.05);新穿心莲内酯的含量随微生物菌肥施加量的增加而增加,在D处理组下的效应最显著,与CK组、A处理组比较,分别明显升高9.06%、50.33%(P<0.05);B处理组的14-去氧穿心莲内酯较A处理组...     

我国磷复肥工业发展现状和展望

根据农业部的统计资料 ,通过 2 0 0 2年全国N、P、K化肥施用量、表观消费量及近 5年的变化趋势 ,分析了磷复肥市场的需求形势 ;介绍了 2 0 0 2年及 2 0 0 3年 1～ 9月磷复肥的生产形势 ,并预计 2 0 0 3年磷肥产量可达 90 0万tP2 O5,2 0 0 4年预计为 95 0万tP2 O5;最后论述了我国磷复肥行业的发展趋势。     

腐殖酸类有机肥对当归物质生产及品质的影响

目的:研究成药期追施腐殖酸类有机肥对当归生长、同化基础、干物质积累、产量、品质及感病情况的影响。方法:试验选择3种腐殖酸肥和1种氨基酸液肥,采用1水平随机区组设计,3次重复。结果:追施T1"陕西济农",促进当归地上、地下生长,提高干物质积累,能显著增加当归单根鲜重,增产605kg.hm^-2,醇溶性浸出物含量提高11.31%,综合效果最好。追施T₃"甘肃猛冲"能迅速促进当归地上、地下生长,扩大叶面积及提高地上部干重,肥力显效快,但肥效持续期短,醇溶性浸出物含量提高5.23%。追施T₄"云南生态"后期叶片数较多,叶面积较大,增产565 kg.hm^-2,醇溶性浸出物含量提高3.09%。追施T_-2"甘肃绿能"能显著提高单根鲜重,增产588 kg.hm^-2。结论:追施腐殖酸类有机肥能有效促进成药期当归生长,扩大同化基础,提高叶面积指数,促进干物质积累及向根部转移,有效提高产量和醇溶性浸出物含量。     

双黄连粉针不同剂量给药后黄芩苷的药动学及唾液中的分布

目的明确双黄连粉针剂不同剂量给药后有效成分黄芩苷在大鼠体内的动态变化规律及其在唾液中的分布情况。方法大鼠静脉注射双黄连粉针后,反相高效液相色谱法测定黄芩苷的血液、唾液浓度,采用药动学软件MULT197V10程序进行数据处理,确定药动学参数。结果双黄连粉针剂高、中、低剂量（740,555,370mg·kg^-1）给药后有效成分黄芩苷在大鼠体内符合二室模型分布,其高、中、低剂量主要药动学参数分别如下：t1／2=（0．79±0．12）h,AUC=（1．30±0．13）mg·h·mL^-1,Vc=（0．21±0．036）L,CL=（0．19±0．019）L·h^-1;t1／2=1．52±0．14h,AUC=（1．22±0．20）mg·h·mL^-1,K=（0．36±0．04）L,CL=（0．16±0．030）L·h^-1。;t1／2=（0．34±0．021）h,AUC=（0．22±0．004）mg·h·mL^-1,K=（0．33±0．027）L,CL=（0．66±0．014）L·h^-1。高剂量给药后黄芩苷唾液浓度范围为：0．11～0．78μg·mL^-1,中、低剂量给药后唾液样品中未检测到黄芩苷。结论通过高、中、低剂量及相应的AUC对比,AUC随剂量增加不成比例增加,说明双黄连粉针给药后黄芩苷在体内呈非线性药动学消除过程。另外,黄芩苷向唾液中分布的浓度较血液低的多。     

Influence of seaweed extract as an organic fertilizer on the growth and yield of Arachis hypogea L. and their elemental composition using SEM–Energy Dispersive Spectroscopic analysis

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of Seaweed Liquid Fertilizer (SLF) of the red seaweed Hypnea musciformis (Wulfen) Lamouroux (H. musciformis). on the growth, biochemical and pigment characteristics of Arachis hypogea (A. hypogea).MethodsExperiments were conducted on ground nut to study the potential red alga of H. musciformis as a biofertilizer. The seeds were sown in soil and SLF were added to soil bed in five different concentrations separately (1%, 2%, 4%, 6% and 8% w/v).ResultsThe 2% concentration of water extract showed better results of growth parameters, biochemical and pigments constitutions. Among the different concentrations of SLF investigated, the plants that received with 2% SLF showed maximum germination percentage, fresh weight, dry weight, root and shoot length, number of branches, leaf area, root nodules and content of total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a and b, protein, carbohydrate and lipid were observed at 2% concentration of SLF. The leaf of 2% SLF treated A. hypogea has subjected to Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive spectroscopic analysis, it revealed that the presence of ten elements in the following order: Ca>P>N>Na>K>Mg>Mn>S>Fe>Zn in treated and Ca>N>P>Na>Mg>Mn>K>Zn>S>Fe in control plant. The data generated from study reveal that SLF of H. musciformis could be used as foliar spray at low concentration of 2% to maximize the growth and yield of A. hypogea and also increase the number of stomata in the leaf.ConclusionIt is suggested that there are considerable gains to be made in increasing yield and stabilizing the yield in environments characterized by terminal requirement for organic and by shortening crop duration nutrient management appear promising.     

Assessing arsenic,cadmium, and lead contents in major crops in Brazil for food safety purposes

The food chain is one of the major sources of human exposure to non-essential trace elements (TEs) present in soils. Human exposure to contaminated food is a worldwide health concern and a food safety issue that threatens agricultural trade. To assess the quality of Brazilian food products with respect to non-essential TEs, we evaluated arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) contents in five major crops grown in Brazil: rice, wheat, corn, soybeans, and potatoes. The samples were collected from field trials with a record of long-term use of phosphate fertilizers in the states of Mato Grosso and Minas Gerais, Brazil. The TE concentrations in soils were all bellow the maximum allowable concentrations for agricultural soils. The mean concentrations of As, Cd, and Pb (μg kg⁻¹ dry weight) were as follows: below the detection limit <15, 29, and <40 for rice; 19, 23, and 64 for wheat; 47, 40, and 95 for corn; 65, 23, and 106 for soybeans; and 59, 22, and <40 for potatoes, respectively. Significant differences were found in the As and Cd contents of the different wheat cultivars. The levels of As, Cd, and Pb found in the studied crops are well below the values reported in the literature and are in accordance with the Codex Alimentarius and the European Union and Brazilian guidelines, indicating that the concentrations of these elements in the crops do not pose a risk to human health.     

Improved Growth and Colchicine Concentration in Gloriosa Superba on Mycorrhizal Inoculation Supplemented with Phosphorus-Fertilizer

Background

Gloriosa superba produces an array of alkaloids including colchicine, a compound of interest in the treatment of various diseases. The tuber of Gloriosa superba is a rich source of colchicine which has shown anti-gout, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor activity. However, this promising compound remains expensive and Gloriosa superba is such a good source in global scale. Increase in yield of naturally occurring colchicine is an important area of investigation.

Materials and Methods

The effects of inoculation by four arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM), fungi, Glomus mossae, Glomus fasciculatum, Gigaspora margarita and Gigaspora gilmorei either alone or supplemented with P-fertilizer, on colchicine concentration in Gloriosa superba were studied. The concentration of colchicine was determined by high-performance thin layer chromatography.

Results

The four fungi significantly increased concentration of colchicine in the herb. Although there was significant increase in concentration of colchicine in non-mycorrhizal P-fertilized plants as compared to control, the extent of the increase was less compared to mycorrhizal plants grown with or without P-fertilization. This suggests that the increase in colchicine concentration may not be entirely attributed to enhanced P-nutrition and improved growth. Among the four AM fungi Glomus mossae was found to be best. The total colchicine content of plant (mg / plant) was significantly high in plants inoculated with Glomus mossae and 25 mg kg⁻¹phosphorus fertilizer (348.9 mg /plant) while the control contain least colchicine (177.87 mg / plant).

Conclusion

The study suggests a potential role of AM fungi in improving the concentration of colchicine in Gloriosa superba tuber.