Effects of sport massage on limb girth and discomfort associated with eccentric exercise

Context: Sport massage is often used to help prepare for exercise, expedite recovery from muscle soreness, and enhance athletic performance. However, the effect of sport massage on recovery from delayed-onset muscle soreness is unknown.Objective: To determine the effect of a short sport massage treatment on intramuscular swelling and pain in response to eccentric exercise.Design: We used a 2 × 8 (treatment × time) repeated-measures design to compare triceps surae muscle girth and pain ratings over the 72 hours after eccentric exercise.Setting: University research laboratory.Patients or Other Participants: Nineteen healthy, college-aged subjects.Intervention(s): Delayed-onset muscle soreness was induced with several sets of eccentric triceps surae contractions at 90% of the estimated concentric, 1-repetition maximum weight. Subjects returned on 3 consecutive days after eccentric exercise with a cycle ergometer for active rest treatments. In addition, 1 leg received the sport massage.Main Outcome Measure(s): Girth measurements were taken at 5.08 cm (2 in), 10.16 cm (4 in), 15.24 cm (6 in), and 20.32 cm (8 in) below the knee joint line, and pain was assessed with a visual analog scale before and after all 4 sessions.Results: No interaction was noted between treatment and time for any girth or pain measurements, and no main effect was seen for treatment.Conclusions: Sport massage did not reduce girth or pain in the lower leg after eccentric exercise within 72 hours.     

间苯三酚联合奥曲肽治疗伊立替康致重度迟发性腹泻的疗效观察

目的观察间苯三酚联合奥曲肽治疗伊立替康致重度迟发性腹泻的临床疗效,探讨治疗方法的可行性。方法回顾性分析10例伊立替康致重度迟发性腹泻患者的临床资料,采用间苯三酚联合奥曲肽治疗。结果间苯三酚联合奥曲肽治疗24h后所有患者的大便次数及性状均有所恢复：36h后8例患者的大便次数及性状明显好转;48h后所有患者的大便次数及性状基本正常;4d内所有患者的大便次数及性状恢复正常。结论间苯三酚联合奥曲肽治疗伊立替康致重度迟发性腹泻是可行的,值得在临床实行大样本的临床研究。     

沙利度胺对伊立替康所致迟发性腹泻的防治作用临床观察

目的：探讨沙利度胺对临床需单独或联合应用伊立替康化疗患者迟发性腹泻的防治作用。方法收集84例应用伊立替康患者相关资料,其中治疗组（n＝43）自化疗前一天起予以沙利度胺（口服100 mg,每晚睡前1次）,持续1周;对照组（n＝41）未应用沙利度胺。观察2组迟发性腹泻、严重腹泻和其他不良反应发生率,并进行统计学分析。结果治疗组与对照组迟发性腹泻发生率分别为4．7％和34．1％,严重腹泻发生率分别为0和14．6％,2组相比差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）;2组恶心、呕吐发生率比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）,2组骨髓抑制、血栓形成、肝肾功能、便秘、皮疹、周围神经炎不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。结论临床应用沙利度胺可以降低伊立替康所致的迟发性腹泻、严重腹泻的发生率,用药安全,扩大了沙利度胺的临床适用范围。     

酒石酸美托洛尔延迟起释缓释微丸的制备

目的制备酒石酸美托洛尔延迟起释缓释微丸;研究该制剂的体外释放影响因素。方法采用挤出滚圆法制备含药丸芯,以丙烯酸树脂(Eudragit NE 30D)为内层包衣材料,乙基纤维素与丙烯酸树脂(Eudragit L100)的混合膜材为外层包衣材料制备延迟起释缓释微丸。通过改变内层包衣质量增加、外层包衣质量增加及外层包衣液中乙基纤维素与Eudragit L 100的质量比来达到一定时滞后缓慢释放药物的目的。考察了处方因素和溶出条件对体外释放度的影响。结果制得时滞为4 h,4、6、10、14 h的累积释放量分别为<10%、20%~35%、50%~70%、≥75%的延迟起释缓释微丸。结论内层包衣质量增加、外层包衣液中乙基纤维素与Eudragit L100的比例及外层包衣质量增加对延迟起释缓释微丸的释药时滞和释药速率具有显著影响,药物的体外释放情况不受溶出转速和溶出装置的影响。     

Comparison between hearing screening-detected cases and sporadic cases of delayed-onset hearing loss in preschool-age children

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to compare the diagnosis and ages of intervention for cases of delayed-onset hearing loss identified sporadically or via a preschool hearing screening program. Design: Retrospective study with the comparative analysis of two groups of children. Study sample: Cases identified from screening were selected from 34 321 preschool children who underwent screening for delayed-onset hearing loss between October 2009 and May 2011. Sporadic cases of delayed-onset hearing loss were selected from pediatric clinical records. Cases from the first group were excluded from the latter to avoid duplication. Two groups were given the same questionnaire to record risk indicators, diagnosis, and age at intervention. Results: The average age of 26 children at the time of diagnosis in the screening group (52.81 ± 13.23 months) was significantly earlier than in the 33 cases identified in the sporadic group (62.03 ± 12.86 months; p < 0.05). The age at intervention of children with bilateral moderate to severe hearing loss in the screening group (50.40 ± 10.76 months) was also earlier than in the sporadic group (62.73 ± 13.77 months; p < 0.05). Conclusions: Improved rates of early diagnosis could therefore be achieved with hearing screening for preschool children with no significant symptoms of delayed-onset hearing loss.     

卡托普利延迟起释型缓释片的研制

目的 制备适用于临睡前服用，间隔4～6h后于次日凌晨开始释放药物并持续释放较长一段时间的卡托普利延缓片。方法用干压包衣技术制备卡托普利延缓片，中心组合设计优化处方，人工神经网络预测释药时滞，在SAS上进行多元线性回归，并对优化结果进行验证，从而确定衣层处方。然后以卡托普利缓释片为对照制剂，以相似因子f2为筛选指标，确定片芯组成，从而确定最终处方。结果所优化的卡托普利延缓片体外释药时滞为5h，开始释放后与对照制剂有良好的相似性(L=64．06)，体外释放符合一级动力学规律。结论以干压包衣技术制得包芯片，由衣层控制延迟释放的释药时滞，由衣层和片芯共同控制药物缓慢释放。     

盐酸普萘洛尔延迟起释缓释片释放的影响因素

通过体外释放度考察影响盐酸普萘洛尔延迟起释缓释片时滞及释药速率的因素,包括包衣层处方及释放条件.结果表明包衣材料的比例及包衣增重对制剂释放影响较大;增塑剂及抗粘剂用量在一定范围内影响药物释放;释放介质的pH及转速对释放影响较大,释放度测定方法及释放介质用量对释放基本无影响.     

硝苯地平延迟起释型缓释片的制备及体外释放

目的:制备符合时辰药理学的硝苯地平缓释片.方法:用粉末直接压片法制备片芯,干压包衣技术制备缓释片.正交试验优选处方,对最优处方进行体外释放度验证.结果:脉冲缓释片延迟时间约5～6 h,释放机制以骨架溶蚀起主导作用.结论:硝苯地平延迟起释型缓释片处方设计和工艺方法可行,质量稳定.     

伊立替康致“肠道菌群-肠-肝”轴代谢调控紊乱及中药防治研究进展

伊立替康是治疗结直肠癌复发和恶化的常见化疗药物,其引起的迟发型腹泻、恶心、呕吐等胃肠道毒副作用严重限制了其临床应用。研究表明伊立替康的胃肠道毒副作用与其在"肠道菌群-肠-肝"轴中的代谢,及其诱导的胆汁酸、色氨酸等内源性物质代谢紊乱密切相关。在综述伊立替康在"肠道菌群-肠-肝"轴中的代谢及其对内源性物质代谢影响的基础上,分析内源性物质代谢异常与伊立替康胃肠道毒副反应间的关系,并介绍常见中药对其调控及防治作用,以期为相关药物的开发及深入研究提供参考。     

盐酸青藤碱延迟起释缓释片的研制

目的:研制盐酸青藤碱延迟起释型缓释片。方法:采用干法压制包衣法制得盐酸青藤碱延迟起释型缓释片,以片芯和衣膜中HPMC用量比例为影响因素,以释药时滞和释药速度常数为评价指标,采用星点设计试验,多元线性回归及二项式方程拟合建立指标与因素之间的数学关系,通过效应面法优化其处方,并对优化结果进行验证;对延迟缓释片时滞后6~15 h的释药数据进行零级、Higuchi和Peppas方程拟合,解析其释药机制。结果:释药时滞和释药速度常数与两因素之间均可用二项式方程拟合,相关系数分别为0.990 1和0.987 6,优化处方的释药时滞和释药速度常数实测值与预测值偏差分别为-3.15%和-0.34%,优化处方制得盐酸青藤碱延迟起释型缓释片释药时滞约6 h,药物在6~15 h内近似于零级释放,释药机制为骨架溶蚀释药。结论:盐酸青藤碱延迟片具有时滞后药物缓慢释放的释药特性,所建立的数学模型预测性良好。