基于指纹图谱和UPLC-MS/MS定量测定对不同产地陈皮的质量评价研究

目的 采用HPLC指纹图谱与化学计量学相结合、UPLC-MS/MS测定多黄酮成分含量的方法,测定不同产地陈皮质量,为其鉴别和质量控制提供依据。方法 采用HPLC-DAD指纹图谱检测并结合“中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统（2012A版）”建立6个产区,49个不同批次陈皮药材（S1～S49）指纹图谱,并进行相似度评价和共有峰确认,结合聚类分析（hierarchical clustering analysis,HCA）、主成分分析（principal component analysis,PCA）、正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析（orthogonal partial least-squares discrimination analysis,OPLS-DA）等化学计量学综合分析。采用UPLC-MS/MS法建立了8个黄酮类成分柚皮素、柚皮苷、木犀草苷、川陈皮素、橙皮素、橙皮苷、橘皮素和芸香柚皮苷的含量测定方法对60批7个产地陈皮药材进行评价。结果 建立了49批不同产地陈皮药材的指纹图谱,相似度为0.864～0.999,共标定了11个共有峰,HCA分析49批陈皮明显分为4类;PCA得到5个主成分的累积方差贡献率为92.748%;OPLS-DA表明8、7、10和11号峰可能是影响陈皮药材质量的差异标志物;含量测定结果表明不同产地陈皮中黄酮类含量存在显著差异,广东新会以川陈皮素和橘皮素为主要标志成分,四川荷花池以木犀草苷为差异性成分,江西樟树以柚皮素和柚皮苷为差异性成分,广西玉林则以橙皮素、橙皮苷和芸香柚皮苷为主,重庆云阳以川陈皮素和橙皮苷为主。结论 建立了稳定性强的不同产地陈皮HPLC指纹图谱和8个黄酮类UPLC-MS/MS定量测定方法,结合化学计量学可用于陈皮药材综合评价和质量控制。     

基于趁鲜切制与传统切制工艺的人参饮片质量评价分析

目的 优选人参Panax ginseng趁鲜切制饮片工艺,比较分析趁鲜切制与传统切制人参饮片的质量,为人参趁鲜切制的合理性提供数据支持。方法 考察切片厚度、烘干温度、烘干时间等因素优选人参趁鲜切制饮片最佳制备工艺;建立指纹图谱结合化学计量法评价2种炮制工艺人参饮片质量差异性;并定量分析2种人参饮片中指标性成分人参皂苷含量差异。结果 人参趁鲜切制饮片的最佳制备工艺为人参鲜药材含水量65%,烘干温度50℃、烘干时间8 h、切片厚度1.5 mm;指纹图谱分别确定了人参趁鲜切制饮片和传统切制工艺饮片22个共有峰,指认了其中7个共有峰,2种炮制工艺所得人参饮片指纹图谱相似度分别在0.983～0.992、0.948～0.996。趁鲜切制与传统切制工艺饮片之间的指纹图谱相似度为0.960～0.993,相似度良好;主成分分析（principal component analysis,PCA）将人参趁鲜切制饮片和传统切制饮片归为2类,正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析（orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis,OPLS-DA）确定2种炮制工艺项...     

基于多成分含量测定和化学计量学的不同基原白芷药材质量评价研究

目的 采用指纹图谱、多成分含量测定结合化学计量学方法分析和比较不同基原白芷药材（白芷Angelica dahurica和杭白芷Angelica dahurica var. formosana）的化学成分,为白芷药材的质量控制提供技术方法及数据支撑。方法 采用高效液相色谱法对白芷和杭白芷药材化学成分进行分析,建立不同基原白芷药材化学指纹图谱;在此基础上,对白芷和杭白芷药材中的花椒毒酚、水合氧化前胡内酯、白当归素、花椒毒素、佛手柑内酯、氧化前胡素、欧前胡素、珊瑚菜素和异欧前胡素9种香豆素类成分进行含量测定;进一步应用聚类分析、主成分分析及偏最小二乘判别分析等化学计量学方法对白芷与杭白芷进行区分与比较,寻找差异化合物。结果 建立了不同基原白芷药材的化学指纹图谱,共标定了11个共有峰,所建立的化学指纹图谱专属性良好,可用于白芷药材的质量评价;多成分含量测定和化学计量学结果表明,白芷和杭白芷药材中所含香豆素类成分种类无差异,但香豆素类成分含量有明显差异;佛手柑内酯、珊瑚菜素、异欧前胡素、氧化前胡素和花椒毒素为白芷和杭白芷药材间的差异性化合物,可以作为区分和鉴别二者的质量标志物。结论 基于指纹图谱...     

基于HPLC指纹图谱结合化学计量学的白及与黄花白及辨识研究

目的 通过指纹图谱结合化学计量学方法对白及Bletilla striata与黄花白及Bletilla ochracea进行辨识研究。方法 采用Shim-pack GIST C18-AQ(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm）色谱柱,流动相为0.1%磷酸水溶液-乙腈梯度洗脱,检测波长280nm;体积流量1.0 m L/min;柱温30℃;进样量10μL。采用Chem Pattern TM软件对白及、黄花白及的指纹图谱数据进行分析,并对其进行相似度评价;采用SIMCA14.1软件进行主成分分析（principal component analysis,PCA）、偏最小二乘判别分析（partial least squares discriminant analysis,PLS-DA）,对二者进行定性辨识研究。结果 在相似度分析中,45批白及的相似度为0.74～0.97,相似度较好,29批黄花白及的相似度为0.44～0.83,部分黄花白及与白及较为相似;聚类分析与PCA分析结果较为一致,部分样品可分为2类;PLS-DA分析分类效果显著,模型参数Q2为0.80,R2Y为0.85,完全能将两者区分开...     

基于化学计量学的麸炒枳实与烫枳实比较研究

目的 利用指纹图谱与化学计量学进行麸炒枳实和烫枳实的质量评价及比较研究，为临床选择使用枳实2种饮片提供部分科学依据。方法 依据中国药典2020年版和《北京市中药饮片炮制规范》（2008年版）炮制麸炒枳实与烫枳实2种饮片，采用超高效液相色谱法分别建立2种饮片的指纹图谱，采用中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统软件进行相似度分析，利用化学计量学进行2种饮片指纹图谱中14个共有成分及辛弗林的比较研究，并对2种饮片中已指认的9个成分进行定量分析与比较。结果 麸炒枳实和烫枳实与各自对照指纹图谱相似度>0.9，同一批次麸炒枳实与烫枳实相似度>0.9。与对照品比对指认出芸香柚皮苷、柚皮苷、野漆树苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷、柚皮素、橙皮素、川陈皮素8个共有峰。聚类分析结果显示2种饮片无明显聚类。PCA分析显示麸炒枳实与烫枳实不能完全区分为2类。VIP法筛选出对区分麸炒枳实和烫枳实影响较大的7个成分，分别是柚皮素、柚皮苷、野漆树苷、X8、橙皮素、川陈皮素、X1。定量分析结果显示，与麸炒枳实组比较，烫枳实组中柚皮苷含量较低，野漆树苷、柚皮素含量较高，且有显著性差异。结论 本研究建立了麸炒枳实与烫枳实的定量指纹图谱及黄酮类多成分含量测定的质量评价方法，研究结果可为临床选择使用枳实2种饮片提供部分科学依据。     

Cocaine profiling method retrospectively developed with nontargeted discovery of markers using liquid chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry data

Illicit drug profiling performed by forensic laboratories assists law enforcement agencies through providing information about chemical and/or physical characteristics of seized specimens. In this article, a model was developed for the comparison of seized cocaine based on retrospective analysis of data generated from ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-TOF-MS) comprehensive drug screening. A nontargeted approach to discover target compounds was employed, which generated 53 potential markers using data from cocaine positive samples. Twelve marker compounds were selected for the development of the final profiling model. The selection included a mixture of commonly used cocaine profiling targets and other cocaine-related compounds. Combinations of pretreatments and comparison metrics were assessed using receiver operating characteristic curves to determine the combination with the best discrimination between linked and unlinked populations. Using data from 382 linked and 34,519 unlinked distances, a classification model was developed using a combination of the standardization and normalization transformations with Canberra distance, resulting in a linked cut-off with a 0.5% false positive rate. The present study demonstrates the applicability of retrospectively developing a cocaine profiling model using data generated from UHPLC-TOF-MS nontargeted drug screening without pre-existing information about cocaine impurities. The developed workflow was not specific to cocaine and thus could potentially be applied to any seized drug in which there are both sufficient data and impurities present.     

一测多评法同时测定补骨脂中16种化学成分的含量

目的建立补骨脂中16个化学成分的一测多评分析方法,结合化学计量学评价不同批次补骨脂药材的质量差异。方法采用高效液相色谱法,以异补骨脂素为内参物,测得待测成分的相对校正因子,在不同色谱仪和色谱柱上考察每个化学成分的相对校正因子的稳定性和耐用性;比较一测多评法和外标法测定结果的差异,以此验证一测多评法在补骨脂中应用的准确性。结果在建立的色谱条件下,补骨脂中15种化学成分相对于异补骨脂素的相对校正因子准确性较高,耐用性较好,且在不同实验条件下重现性良好;2种分析方法所得结果无显著差异。不同批次间补骨脂的化学成分群一致性较好,但不同化学成分的含量差异较大。结论新建立的同时测定补骨脂中16个化学成分的一测多评法,能为更加全面地评价不同来源补骨脂的整体质量提供参考。     

The CSD Drug Subset: The Changing Chemistry and Crystallography of Small Molecule Pharmaceuticals

We report the generation and statistical analysis of the CSD drug subset: a subset of the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) consisting of every published small-molecule crystal structure containing an approved drug molecule. By making use of InChI matching, a CSD Python API workflow to link CSD entries to the online database Drugbank.ca has been produced. This has resulted in a subset of 8632 crystal structures, representing all published solid forms of 785 unique drug molecules. We hope that this new resource will lead to improvements in targeted cheminformatics and statistical model building in a pharmaceutical setting. In addition to this, as part of the Advanced Digital Design of Pharmaceutical Therapeutics collaboration between academia and industry, we have been given the unique opportunity to run comparative analysis on the internal crystal structure databases of AstraZeneca and Pfizer, alongside comparison to the CSD as a whole.     

Chemometric Models for Quantification of Carbamazepine Anhydrous and Dihydrate Forms in the Formulation

Carbamazepine (CBZ) exists in anhydrous and dihydrate forms. These forms differ in their solubility, dissolution rate, and subsequently in their oral bioavailability. The objective of this study is to develop multivariate chemometric models for estimation of the low level of carbamazepine dihydrate (CBZ-DH) in the CBZ formulations containing excipients of the commercial formulation. The selected excipients were mixed in proportions to make sample matrices ranging from 0% to 50% CBZ-DH. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), near infrared (NIR), and hyperspectral imaging data were mathematically pretreated before the development of partial least square and principal component analysis regression models. The developed partial least squares regression and principal component analysis models demonstrated predictability of CBZ and CBZ-DH by multiple scattering correction and standard normal variate processing methods. Among the spectroscopic techniques used the model performance parameters such as root-mean-square error, standard error, and bias were found to be low for NIR compared to FTIR. The treated data have shown better model fitting than without treatment, which was demonstrated by correlation coefficient of 0.9778, 0.9824, and 0.9852 for FTIR, NIR, and hyperspectral imaging, respectively. Furthermore, the predicted values were found to be very close to the selected low level of independent samples having 5% CBZ-DH in tablet formulation.