卡维地洛对不稳定型心绞痛患者血浆炎症因子的影响

目的观察卡维地洛对不稳定型心绞痛（UAP）患者高敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）、白介素-6（IL-6）及细胞间可溶性黏附分子1（sICAM-1）水平的影响。方法UAP患者62例采用完全随机化方法分成对照组（n=30）和治疗组（n=32）,在常规抗血小板、扩血管治疗基础上,对照组予美托洛尔（12.5mg,2次/d×3d）口服,治疗组服卡维地洛（6.25mg,2次/d×3d）,在治疗前后分别测定hs-CRP、IL-6、sICAM-1值。结果对照组和治疗组在治疗前hs-CRP、IL-6、sICAM-1均无显著性差异;用药后两组3指标均较用药前显著降低（P<0.05）;治疗组在用药后IL-6、sI-CAM-1显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。同时,用药后两组患者的心率、血压、心肌耗氧量均较用药前显著降低（P<0.05）,治疗组的心肌耗氧量显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论卡维地洛可显著降低UAP患者的炎症因子IL-6、sICMA-1水平。     

Effects of carvedilol on renal function

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted to study the effects of acute and chronic administration of carvedilol in essential hypertension, with special emphasis on renal haemodynamics and function. Acute administration of a single dose of 50 mg carvedilol reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure without inducing reflex tachycardia. Renal blood flow was preserved; accordingly, renal vascular resistance was significantly reduced. A significant reduction in the glomerular filtration rate and filtration fraction was observed. Plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma aldosterone values were not changed. Chronic carvedilol treatment produced a significant fall in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, PRA and plasma aldosterone. Renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate and filtration fraction also remained unchanged; renal vascular resistance decreased significantly. It is concluded that carvedilol possesses definite antihypertensive and renal vasodilating properties, both acutely and after chronic treatment.     

Efficacy and safety of carvedilol in comparison with atenolol in hypertensive patients pretreated with hydrochlorothiazide

Carvedilol [25 mg once daily] (o. d.) was compared to atenolol (50 mg o. d.) as an adjunct to pre-existing hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) monotherapy in patients with mild to moderate hypertension [diastolic blood pressure (DBP),100–115 mm Hg]. After a placebo run-in phase of 2 weeks, 131 patients received 25 mg HCTZ o. d. for 4 weeks. In all, 122 patients were transferred to the double-blind phase, in which 25 mg carvedilol or 50 mg atenolol was randomly added to HCTZ. After an additional 6 weeks of treatment, 112 patients were evaluable for efficacy (C/HCTZ group,n = 54; A/HCTZ group,n = 58). Blood pressure was measured and the heart rate was counted before medication, at 2-week intervals throughout the trial, and 2 h after medication on the 1st and the last day of the combination treatment period. Serum lipids were measured in addition to routine laboratory variables. A therapeutic response was defined as a reduction in supine and standing diastolic blood pressure to values of < 90=" mmhg.=" in=" a=" relatively=" low=" number=" of=" patients=" (6=" of=" 131),=" a=" response=" as=" defined=" above=" was=" achieved=" with=" hctz=" alone.=" this=" may=" be=" accounted=" for=" by=" the=" fact=" that=" patients=" were=" required=" to=" have=" a=" diastolic=" blood=" pressure=" of=" at=" least=" 100=" mghg=" and=" by=" the=" relatively=" short=" period=" of=" monotherapy.=" the=" two=" groups=" of=" patients=" receiving=" different=" combination=" treatments=" were=" well=" matched=" for=" demographic=" data=" and=" blood=" pressure=" values=" before=" the=" adjunct=" was=" added.=" in=" both=" groups=" there=" was=" a=" marked=" additional=" blood=" pressure=" decrease=" on=" the=" initiation=" of=" combined=" treatment.=" at=" the=" end=" of=" the=" study=" the=" medians=" of=" all=" blood=" pressure=" values=" were=" well=" within=" normal=" ranges,=" which=" was=" not=" the=" case=" with=" hctz=" alone.=" on=" the=" last=" day=" of=" the=" trial,=" the=" responders=" comprised=" 67%=" of=" the=" c/hctz=" group=" and=" 71%=" of=" the=" a/hctz=" group.=" no=" relevant=" changes=" in=" lipid=" values=" were=" observed=" with=" combination=" treatment=" vs=" diuretic=" monotherapy.=" no=" serious=" adverse=" event=" attributable=" to=" one=" of=" the=" study=" drugs=" was=" reported.=" the=" results=" of=" the=" present=" trial=" suggest=" that=" the=" antihypertensive=" efficacy=" of=" both=" combinations=" is=" superior=" to=" that=" of=" hctz=" alone=" and=" that=" there=" is=" no=" difference=" in=" efficacy=" between=" the=" two=" combinations.=" adding=" carvedilol=" or=" atenolol=" to=" pre-existing=" hctz=" appears=" to=" be=" safe.=" the=" tolerability=" of=" the=" antihypertensive=" treatment=" does=" not=" seem=" to=" decline,=" despite=" considerable=" additional=" decreases=" in=" blood=">     

Hemodynamic differences between carvedilol and labetalol in the cutaneous circulation

The effects of labetalol and carvedilol on local cutaneous microvascular perfusion and calculated local cutaneous microvascular resistance were investigated in anesthetized rats at submaximal doses that produced equivalent reductions in blood pressure and heart rate. Labetalol decreased cutaneous perfusion (– 25% ± 3%) without significantly affecting cutaneous vascular resistance ( – 6% ± 3%). In marked contrast, carvedilol dramatically increased cutaneous perfusion ( + 64% ± 9%) and significantly reduced cutaneous vascular resistance ( – 57% ± 3%). These results suggest that carvedilol and labetalol possess differences in the mechanisms by which they produce vasodilation in vivo.     

卡维地洛对原发性高血压的降压疗效及对血压变异的影响

目的：应用动态血压监测（ABPM）评价每日口服一次卡维地洛降压疗效的持续性及对血压变异的影响。方法：选择轻、中度高血压患者20例,停用所有降压药物7d,再服安慰剂14d生,对坐位舒张压为95－114mmHg,且HR≥60次／min者进行ABPM,24h平均舒张压（MDBP）≥85mmHg者,（早9时）口服卡维地洛10mg/d,共2周,对疗效满意（舒张压＜90mmHg或下降＞20mmHg)者进行ABPM,如MDBP＜85mmHg,维持原剂量不变,若MDBP≥85mmHg,每2周剂量递增10mg/d并进行疗效评价,增加至40mg/d,连用4周后进行ABPM并结束观察。结果：（1）诊室偶测血压和24h,日间,夜间动态血压平均值及相应的血压负荷均显著降低（P＜0．01）,降压总效率为85％;（2）该药的收缩压和舒张压谷／峰比值分别为79．7％和73．4％;（3）收缩压和舒张压的降压光滑指数分别为1．92和2．65;（4）治疗后24h和日间的收缩压之长时血压变异减少（P＜0．05）。结论：原发性高血压患者口服卡维地洛10mg-40mgQd,可平稳持续控制24h血压,推荐为优选的降压药物。     

国产卡维地洛治疗高血压病的临床研究

采用开放试验与随机、双盲、双模拟平行对照方法观察国产卡维地洛（Ｃｖ）对原发性高血压病人的疗效,并与国产阿替洛尔（Ａｔ）作对比。Ｃｖ开放试验组３０例中显效２０例（６６７％）,有效６例（２００％）,总有效率２６例（８６７％）;随机双盲双模拟组中Ａ组（Ｃｖ组）２５例中总有效２１例（８４０％）,Ｂ组（Ａｔ）２５例中总有效１８例（７２０％）。治疗４周前后血压下降幅值各组差异均有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１）。不良反应少而轻。提示国产Ｃｖ系一安全有效的抗高血压病药物。     

卡维地洛改善高血压患者的血管内皮功能

目的：探讨卡维地洛对原发性高血压患血管内皮功能的影响。方法：用高分辨率超声检测经美托洛尔或卡维地洛治疗12wk前后的高血压患肱动脉流量介导的舒张活性（FMD）和硝酸甘油介导的舒张活性（NTGMD）的变化。并以18例健康作为对照；同时采用酶联免疫检测法（ELISA）测定卡维地洛治疗前后高血压患血浆氧化低密度脂蛋白（ox-LDL)的变化。结果：健康对照组的FMD显高于高血压患美托洛尔或卡维地洛治疗前的FMD，而3组间NTGMD的差异无显统计学意义。卡维地洛组治疗后FMD显性升高，NTGMD无显性改变，卡维地洛组治疗后血浆ox-LDL显降低。结论：卡维地洛可能通过其抗氧化活性改善高血压患的血管内皮依赖性舒张功能。     

卡维地洛对慢性心衰合并肾功能不全患者肾功能的影响

目的:评价卡维地洛对慢性心衰(CHF)合并慢性肾功能不全(CRF)患者肾功能的影响。方法:入选27例CHF合并CRF患者,在充分抗心力衰竭治疗的基础上,加用卡维地洛,观察不同阶段左室射血分数(LVEF)和肾功能的变化。结果:卡维地洛治疗后,LVEF在治疗3个月后开始升高,12个月后显著高于基线水平(p<0.01)。治疗后1个月,血肌酐(Scr)升高(p<0.05),3个月时回落到基线水平以下(p<0.05),12个月时仍低于基线水平(p<0.05);治疗后1个月,内生肌酐清除率(Ccr)先轻度下降(p<0.05),3个月时回升高于基线水平(p<0.01),12个月时仍显著高于基线水平(p<0.01)。卡维地洛对尿微量白蛋白和24h尿蛋白定量影响不大(p>0.05)。结论:第三代β-受体阻滞剂卡维地洛,可改善慢性心衰合并慢性肾功能不全患者的心功能,早期引起肾功能的轻度降低,随后肾功能显著改善。     

卡维地洛与非洛地平及氯沙坦在高血压伴焦虑患者中疗效比较

目的　了解卡维地洛与非洛地平及氯沙坦在高血压伴焦虑患者中的降血压疗效与抗焦虑疗效。方法　采用自身交叉对照的方法 ,经导入期安慰剂治疗舒张压 95～ 115mmHg及收缩压 <180mmHg ,贝克焦虑量表 (BAI)评分>4 5分的患者为研究对象 ,每例均在不同治疗期分别给予卡维地洛、非洛地平及氯沙坦治疗 4周 ,观察血压及BAI评分的变化。结果　总共入选 35例 ,在卡维地洛、非洛地平和氯沙坦三个组中 ,卡维地洛对收缩压和舒张压的降压作用比其他两组较佳 ,差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 1) ;对BAI评分的正面影响 ,差异也有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　轻、中度高血压伴焦虑患者 ,应用卡维地洛的降血压和减轻焦虑效果较非洛地平和氯沙坦更好。