Introduction: Currently, 424 million people aged between 20 and 79 years worldwide are diabetic. More than 25% of adults aged over 65 years in North America have Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Diabetes-induced osteoporosis (DM-OS) is caused by chronic hyperglycemia, advanced glycated end products and oxidative stress. The increase in the prevalence of DM-OS has prompted researchers to develop new biological therapies for the management of DM-OS.
Areas covered: This review covered the current and novel biological agents used in the management of DM-OS. Data were retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, American Diabetes Association and International Osteoporosis Foundation websites, and ClinicalTrials.gov. The keywords for the search included: DM, osteoporosis, and management.
Expert opinion: Several biological molecules have been examined in order to find efficient drugs for the treatment of DM-OS. These biological agents include anti-osteoporosis drugs: net anabolics (parathyroid hormone/analogs, androgens, calcilytics, anti-sclerostin antibody), net anti-resorptive osteoporosis drugs (calcitonin, estrogen, selective estrogen receptor modulators, bisphosphonates, RANKL antibody) and anti-diabetic drugs (alpha glucosidase inhibitors, sulfonylureas, biguanides, meglitinides, thiazolidinediones, GLP-1 receptor agonists, dipeptidylpeptidase-4 inhibitors, sodium glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors, insulin). Biological medications that effectively decrease hyperglycemia and, at the same time, maintain bone health would be an ideal drug/drug combination for the treatment of DM-OS. 相似文献
Drynariae rhizoma has been used to prevent bone loss that occurs with increasing age. However, the chemical compounds in extracts that act on bone metabolism in herbal medicine are poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate and compare the extraction efficacy of polyphenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, and in vitro anti-osteoporosis properties of water extract (DR-DW) and ethanol extract (DR-EtOH) from D. rhizoma. Total phenolics and flavonoids were better extracted with 70% EtOH, and this extraction method also resulted in higher antioxidant activity and in vitro anti-osteoporosis properties in these extracts. In particular, the contents of phloroglucinol, protocatechuic acid ethyl ester, 2-amino-3,4-dimethyl-benzoic acid, 3-(3,5-dimethyl-pyrazol-1-yl)-benzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, syringic acid, trans-ferulic acid, (−)-epigallocatechin, epigallocatechin gallate, quercetin dehydrate, luteolin and emodin in DR-EtOH were higher than those in DR-DW. These results indicated that DR-EtOH could be a good source of natural herbs with anti-osteoporosis properties. 相似文献
Introduction: Oleanolic acid belongs to the pentacyclic triterpene family. In China, oleanolic acid has been used as an over the counter (OTC) hepatoprotective drug for decades. Oleanolic acid and its derivatives present a wide variety of biological activities, supporting their pharmaceutical uses for multiple diseases.Areas covered: Representative patent publications (1971-2015) covering the preparation, pharmaceutical compositions, and medical uses of oleanolic acid and its derivatives are analyzed, with focus on their anticancer, anti-osteoporosis, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, lipid-lowering, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immune-regulatory, and hepatoprotective effects. A large number of Chinese patents have been given particular attention in this review.Expert opinion: Detailed efficacy studies are highly worth doing to undoubtedly confirm the clinical potential of oleanolic acid and its derivatives. Based on that, it would be critical to identify the key protein targets of the drugs so as to promote drug development and search for new lead compounds. Together, there is a huge potential for drug-repositioning of oleanolic acid, particularly in the areas of metabolic disease and immunological disorders. 相似文献