Coronavirus disinfection in histopathology

ABSTRACT

The 2019 Coronavirus epidemic, provisionally called 2019-nCoV, was first identified in Wuhan, China, in persons exposed to a seafood or wet market. There is an international push to contain the virus and prevent its spread. It is feasible that potentially infectious samples may be received in histopathology laboratories for diagnosis. This technical note presents disinfection procedures and histotechnology processes that should alleviate the risk of infection to laboratory staff. Using data obtained from similar coronaviruses, e.g. severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), experts are confident that 70% ethanol and 0.1% sodium hypochlorite should inactivate the virus. Formalin fixation and heating samples to 56oC, as used in routine tissue processing, were found to inactivate several coronaviruses and it is believed that 2019-nCoV would be similarly affected.     

Multidisciplinary consensus on sputum induction biosafety during the COVID-19 pandemic

Sputum induction (SI) is the gold standard approach to the non-invasive study of airway inflammation. The differential count of inflammatory cells for SI allows patients with asthma to be classified according to inflammatory phenotypes and predicted therapeutic responses. Since SI involves the generation of aerosols, there is a need to establish a protocol to ensure biosafety in clinical practice during the current COVID-19 pandemic. The multidisciplinary consensus on SI described in this article was developed by 22 experts in SI from different Spanish hospitals who drew on available scientific evidence in achieving consensuated opinions, compiled by means of an electronic survey. We hope that these unified criteria and recommendations will guide health professionals in implementing SI sampling and processing procedures as safely as possible during the COVID-19 pandemic.     

埃博拉病毒感染性标本在生物安全三级实验室的临床检验与生物安全防护

本文参考美国疾病预防控制中心的最新资讯和中国疾病预防控制中心制定的《埃博拉出血热个人防护指南(第二版)》,介绍当前在生物安全三级实验室开展埃博拉病毒感染者血液标本临床检验策略的最新研究进展,主要包括临床检验的操作流程以及操作人员必要的生物安全防护要点。     

药品检测机构生物安全柜全生命周期管理探讨

建立药品检测机构生物安全柜管理方法。从生物安全柜的选择、检测、使用年限、注意事项、维修维护和档案6个方面介绍生物安全柜的管理要点,并从检测数据分析建议使用年限7年。生物安全柜的规范管理,是实验室人员安全数据准确的前提和保障。     

n—HA／PA66Cage在腰椎融合术中的生物安全性研究

目的评价新型纳米羟基磷灰石／聚酰胺66融合器（nano-hydroxyapatite／polyamide66Cage,n—HA／PA66Cage）植人人体内可能引起的全身毒性反应及对人体局部组织的影响。方法2012年2月至2012年4月将n—FLA／PA66Cage通过腰椎后路经椎间孔进行腰椎椎体融合植入20例患者体内,通过对研究对象检查术前、术后4d、术后2个月等3个时期的血压、脉搏、体温、免疫球蛋白A、G、M、补体C3、C4、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、肌酐、尿素、白细胞、红细胞、血红蛋白、血小板、C反应蛋白、血沉、局部反应等指标。结果n—HA／PA66Cage植人人体后,除了术后4d白细胞、红细胞、血红蛋白、血小板等血常规、C反应蛋白、血沉等检查与术前相比,存在统计学差异（P〈0．05）;在不同时相,其他检查结果之间无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论新型n—HA／PA66Cage具有良好的生物安全性。     

Potential applications and human biosafety of nanomaterials used in nanomedicine

With the rapid development of nanotechnology, potential applications of nanomaterials in medicine have been widely researched in recent years. Nanomaterials themselves can be used as image agents or therapeutic drugs, and for drug and gene delivery, biological devices, nanoelectronic biosensors or molecular nanotechnology. As the composition, morphology, chemical properties, implant sites as well as potential applications become more and more complex, human biosafety of nanomaterials for clinical use has become a major concern. If nanoparticles accumulate in the human body or interact with the body molecules or chemical components, health risks may also occur. Accordingly, the unique chemical and physical properties, potential applications in medical fields, as well as human biosafety in clinical trials are reviewed in this study. Finally, this article tries to give some suggestions for future work in nanomedicine research. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下重庆市医疗机构临床实验室生物安全现状调查

目的了解新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下重庆市医疗机构临床实验室生物安全现状。方法于2020年2月8-15日,对重庆市42家新型冠状病毒肺炎定点救治医院临床实验室发放问卷调查,调查内容包括实验室基本情况、实验室生物安全设施设备配置、实验室个人防护用品配置、实验室未开展新型冠状病毒核酸检测原因、实验室生物安全培训情况等。结果在规定时间内收到26家实验室有效回报,26家定点医疗机构中二级和三级医疗机构各占50.0%。所有实验室均为已备案的生物安全二级实验室;无门禁装置实验室1家(3.8%),无自动可关闭门实验室2家(7.7%),无负压条件实验室22家(84.6%);自然通风实验室15家(57.7%);4家(13.4%)实验室安全设备未年检;6家(23.1%)实验室没有防护服储备。10家未开展新型冠状病毒核酸检测的实验室中有7家(70.0%)原因为三级生物安全防护用品缺乏。26家实验室均及时组织了人员培训,1家(3.8%)实验室组织了针对性的操作演练。结论实验室应加强安全设施设备的投入和监管,加大应急防护物资的储备,建立健全有效的生物安全培训体系,进一步提高临床验室应对新发、突发传染病的生物安全管理能力。     

生物安全实验室的管理与安全

人为意外事故或违规操作而造成的实验室感染事件，可以通过生物安全知识的掌握、防护技术的加强、安全设备的正确使用和标准的操作规程最大限度地减少，且对于防止大多数实验室感染的发生十分有效。     

超净化生物安全工作台的研制

目的：解决日常工作中和野战条件下实验环境需要局部无尘无菌，同时要防止外界与实验双向污染问题。方法：应用初级、高级过滤材料．对进入实验局部环境的空气进行过滤，高强度紫外线对进、出实验局部环境的空气杀菌，同时对实验局部环境进行密封、保证一定的负压。结果：研制的超净化生物安全工作台能使实验环境局部无尘无菌，同时能防止外界与实验环境双向污染。结论：超净化生物安全工作台可以广泛应用于医疗、制药、食品、电子、仪器仪表、生物工程、科学试验等行业，是战时生物战中生物物种鉴定所必需的设备。     

口蹄疫病毒实验室研究的环境风险评估

以北京市某生物安全三级实验室为例,在对口蹄疫病毒研究的实验类型、实验剂量、生物安全防护设备以及实验室周边环境敏感程度进行综合分析的基础上,运用高斯扩散模型对实验室发生事故时可能产生的气溶胶扩散范围进行预测,综合各方面因素,得出该实验室在既定实验条件下研究口蹄疫病毒对周围环境是比较安全的综合风险评估结果,以供实验室管理者决策参考。