Self-perceptions of ageing (SPA) are important predictors of health in later life. However, research on antecedents of SPA other than age stereotypes is scarce. To address this gap, this study investigates the impact of personal value priorities beyond age stereotypes on SPA. Can values as the motivational basis of attitudes and evaluations predict gain- and loss-related SPA? To answer this question, we conducted multiple regression analyses of longitudinal data from two waves (2008, 2011) of the German Ageing Survey (DEAS; N = 6089, age range in 2008: 40–93 years). Gain- and loss-related SPA as well as age stereotypes were assessed with two AgeCog scales and personal values with the 21-item Portrait Values Questionnaire. Results indicate that value priorities relate to SPA longitudinally in domain-specific ways: People with a value priority of openness to change and self-transcendence reported more gain-related SPA at follow-up, whereas those who prioritized conservation reported less gain-related SPA. In the domain of loss-related SPA, those people with a value priority of self-enhancement reported more and those prioritizing self-transcendence reported less loss-related SPA at follow-up. These results complement and extend recent findings on the role of personality for SPA. They suggest that whether people focus on the gains or losses that occur with age, whether they perceive ageing as a threat or chance, is not only shaped by their age stereotypes, but also by what they find important—their values. 相似文献
Objective.To qualitatively assess Chinese American women's views of health and illness and the potential influences of culture and language on cancer screening behavior.
Design.Data were generated by five focus groups, each consisting of 9–12 Chinese American women aged 50 and older. Participants responded to open‐ended questions assessing their perceptions of health and illness, knowledge about cancer, beliefs about and barriers to cancer screening, and screening and healthcare experiences in the USA. All conversations were tape‐recorded and analyzed in the context of PRECEDE framework concepts of predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors.
Results.The 54 participants had a mean age of 65 years, with an average age of immigration to the USA at 51 and average length of residence in the USA of 15 years. Participants considered outdoor exercise in the morning for fresh air and a hot–cold balanced diet as important means to health. None mentioned the importance of regular medical checkups or cancer screening. When talking about cancer prevention, a sense of fatalism was evident, such as ‘no control of life and death’ and ‘what will happen will happen’. Lack of English capability was a major enabling barrier to healthcare. In addition, these women reported the need for help with transportation, especially for those living in suburban areas where public transportation is not readily available. Physician recommendation was identified as the most important reinforcing factor for cancer screening.
Conclusion.Our results suggest traditional Chinese beliefs, such as those pertaining to fatalism, self‐care, and the hot and cold balance, influence the perceptions of older Chinese women regarding health, illness, and use of preventive healthcare. Interventions to improve cancer screening in this population should be tailored to the specific predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors of this population, including cultural views, language barriers, doctor–patient communication, and access to healthcare.相似文献
The aim of this study was to investigate the views of UK clinicians in neonatal care who were working with nurses trained as neonatal nurse practitioners (NNPs). A questionnaire survey was used with a total sample of senior clinicians in the 66 neonatal units with one or more qualified NNPs. The main outcome measures were type and frequency of response, and similar data from NNPs were used to make comparisons. Data were returned from 57 of the 66 clinicians contacted (86%). NNP clinical practice as perceived by them was largely similar to that recorded by NNPs, though the clinicians expected more NNP involvement in some procedures (inserting central venous lines, umbilical arterial catheters, chest drains and peripheral arterial cannulae) than was actually found. Perceptions of the NNP role were similar, though the clinicians were significantly less likely to see taking a case-load, conducting a ward round, accepting outside referrals and taking charge of emergency transfers as integral elements. Reflections on the utilization of NNPs in neonatal care and the impact on junior medical staff education referred to NNPs filling gaps, a reduction in the intensity of work, improvements in training and in the quality of care.
Conclusion : The introduction of NNPs is seen positively from the perspective of clinicians working alongside them in neonatal care. The development of similar models of care in countries where the introduction of NNPs is being considered is likely to be similarly supported. 相似文献
Objective - To explore the views of patients and doctors on respiratory tract symptoms. Design - Transversal survey among patients and general practitioners. Setting - Primary health care and community. Subjects - 51 patients attending a general practitioner, 38 patients in the community, 7 general practitioners. Main outcome measures - Patients' and doctors' views on respiratory tract symptoms and differences between them: agreement with statements rated on a 5-point scale, ranging from "strongly disagree" (1) to "strongly agree" (5). Results - Patients less than doctors endorsed the self-limiting character of cough, sore throat and earache (mean 3.1,3.4 and 2.9 versus 4.1,4.1 and 3.7) and patients - much more than doctors - rated antibiotics as being necessary for cough and sore throat (mean 2.7 and 2.9 versus 1.7 and 17) and believed that antibiotics speed recovery (mean 3.7 versus 2.0). However, there was little difference relating to the necessity to see a doctor after some time period. Conclusion - Patients appeared to differ from doctors in views on respiratory tract symptoms. The results stress the importance of exploring patients' views when being confronted by patients suffering from respiratory tract symptoms. 相似文献