抗人C1—抑制物单链抗体的构建

由一株抗人Ｃ１－抑物单克隆抗体鼠杂交瘤细胞提取总ＲＮＡ，合成２对与免疫蛋白可变区ＦＲ１和ＦＲ４互补的通用引物，经ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ扩增出抗体的重链可变区和轻链可变区基因。     

Allergic conversion of protective mucosal immunity against nasal bacteria in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis

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Iα1基因hs1,2 区B等位基因与IgA肾病的易感性相关

［摘要］ 目的：研究Iα1 hs1,2 VNTR多态性与我国IgA肾病的相关关系。 方法： 采集419例肾活检证实的IgA肾病患者及其一级亲属、条件相当的201例健康志愿者血样，提取基因组DNA。用PCR产物直接电泳法鉴定Iα1 hs1,2 VNTR基因型，采用以家庭为基础的传递/不平衡分析（TDT）和单倍型相对危险度（HRR），以及病例-对照研究分析Iα1 hs1,2 VNTR多态性与我国IgA肾病的相关关系。 结果： ① TDT分析结果显示Iα1 hs1,2 VNTR B等位基因从杂合子父母向患者传递的频率显著高于预期值(101 Trios, χ2=6.818, P＜0.01，扩展TDT分析也得到相同结果(164家庭, χ2=7.583, P＜0.01)。②与TDT结果一致，HRR分析同样显示Iα1 hs1,2 VNTR B等位基因的过度传递 (P＜0.05, χ2=4.122, HRR=1.180)， 而BB基因型具有更强的患病倾向 (P＜0.05, χ2=4.411, OR=1.538)。③病例-对照研究显示IgA肾病组B 等位基因频率显著高于正常对照组(χ2=6.968, P＜0.05)。 结论： Iα1 hs1,2 VNTR基因多态性与我国IgA肾病患者的易感性相关。     

Effects of scopolamine on variable intertrial interval spatial alternation and memory in the rat

A repeated measures procedure, variable intertrial interval (ITI) spatial alternation, was used to assess scopolamine effects on memory, and to compare effects of the drug on discrimination processes with effects on storage. Rats learned in two stages to press left and right levers in alternation on discrete trials separated by 5 different ITI's ranging from 2.5 to 40 s and presented in random order during the experimental session. In the first stage, alternating discrimination, alternation was controlled by a light on over the correct lever at the time of the trial; in the second stage, variable ITI spatial alternation, a centrally located panel light signalled all trials and alternation was controlled by stimuli from prior trials (memory). Alternation response occurrence declined moderately (but significantly) with increasing ITI duration in both the alternating discrimination and variable ITI spatial alternation stages; response occurrence was also significantly decreased by scopolamine treatment in both stages. Accuracy of alternating discrimination performance was not significantly altered by either ITI duration or scopolamine treatment. Accuracy of variable ITI spatial alternation performance on a trial varied inversely with the duration of the ITI that preceded the trial. Scopolamine treatment significantly reduced accuracy of lever pressing in variable ITI spatial alternation but did not alter the slope of the curves relating accuracy to ITI duration. These effects indicate that the drug impaired discrimination processes but did not alter memory storage.     

Variable Venting Valve for Earmolds

The frequency response and loudness reduction characteristics of earmolds with variable venting valves (VVV) were investigated. Both side-branch and laterally vented earmolds were employed. Sound pressures were measured at 44 frequencies from 100 to 4 000 Hz in a modified HA-2 coupler with the VVV in four stages of opening: closed; ? open; ? open and 3/3 open

The effect of venting is primarily in the low frequencies. Little or no reduction in intensity is observed in the ‘speech frequency’ range and a modest amount is noted in the higher frequencies. The side-branch vented earmolds were more effective than the laterally vented earmolds. Calculated loudness reductions in phons were small. The effectiveness of the VVV, whether assessed by the frequency response or loudness reduction characteristics, is achieved within the first ? of opening: further opening has little effect. The utility of the VVV, especially to the geriatric hearing aid user, is questionable     

如何正确运用t检验——两几何均值比较一般差异性t检验及SAS实现

本文目的是介绍几何均数以及两组近似对数正态分布数据几何均数的一般差异性t检验及SAS实现。首先对几何均数的概念、适用条件和计算公式进行介绍;并且将几何均数与统计学中常用的算术均数的特点进行比较;其次,呈现两组药物浓度数据,该数据近似服从对数正态分布,符合几何均数的适用条件,使用SAS的TTEST过程对两组几何均数的一般差异性进行t检验,并对相关结果进行解释和比较;最后,讨论几何均数使用时的注意事项。     

Comparison of a quantitative Real-Time PCR assay and droplet digital PCR for copy number analysis of the CCL4L genes

The controversy surrounding the findings that copy number variation, of the CCL3 encoding genes, influences HIV-1 infection and disease progression has been in part attributed to the variable results obtained from methods used for copy number evaluation. Like CCL3, the genes encoding the CC chemokine CCL4, also a natural ligand of the CCR5 receptor, are found to occur in population-specific multiple copy number and have been shown to play a protective role against HIV-1. This study evaluated the standard method of quantitative Real-Time PCR (qPCR) and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) for CCL4L gene copy number determination. The CCL4 encoding genes are CCL4, occurring in two copies per diploid genome (pdg), and the non-allelic CCL4L genes, comprised of CCL4L1 and CCL4L2, which are both found in multiple copies pdg. Copy number of CCL4L, CCL4L1 and CCL4L2 was determined in a cohort of HIV-1-uninfected individuals from the South African Black (n = 23) and Caucasian (n = 32) population groups using qPCR and ddPCR. A stronger correlation between the number of CCL4L copies and the sum of CCL4L1 and CCL4L2 copies generated by ddPCR (r = 0.99, p < 0.0001) compared to qPCR (r = 0.87, p < 0.0001) was observed. Real-Time qPCR exhibited greater inaccuracy at higher copy numbers which is particularly relevant to our cohort of Black individuals who have a higher range of CCL4L copies (3–6) compared to Caucasians (0–4) and a higher population median (4 and 2, respectively). Medians and ranges of CCL4L1 (Black: 2, 0–4, Caucasian: 0, 0–2) and CCL4L2 (Black: 2, 1–5, Caucasian: 2, 0–3) were also higher in the Black population. Droplet digital PCR was shown to be a far superior method to qPCR for assessment of CCL4 gene copy number variation, the accuracy of which is essential for studies of the contribution of variable gene copy number to phenotypic outcomes of host infection and disease course.     

乙型肝炎病毒多聚酶末端蛋白重链可变区抗体体外抑制病毒的复制

目的用蛋白片段互补法(PCA)选择HBV多聚酶末端蛋白(TP)重链可变区(VH)抗体,研究特异性VH抗体体外抑制HBV的复制与分泌。方法以HBV多聚酶TP区为抗原,用PCA法进行特异性VH抗体筛选。特异性VH抗体基因定向亚克隆人真核表达载体pZeoSV2( ),构建pZeoSV2( )-VH重组质粒,用脂质体介导的转染技术,将其导入HepG 2.2.15细胞,观察特异性抗体的生物学活性。结果用PCA法从抗体库中选择出3个特异性抗体:VH1、VH2和VH3,其中与抗原亲和力最高的是VH1。转染pZeoSV2( )-VH1的HepG 2.2.15细胞比未转染pZeoSV2 ( )-VH1或只转染空载体pZeoSV2( )的HepG 2.2.15细胞病毒颗粒分泌明显减少,上清液内为2.978 7±0.276 1比5.150 4±0.276 1和5.295 1±0.241 0(P<0.05);细胞内为5.283 9±0.162 9比8.300 4±0.323 2和8.532 1±0.138 3(P<0.05)。结论用PCA法可从抗体库中选择出HBV多聚酶TP区特异性VH抗体,该抗体在体外可抑制HBV的复制与分泌。     

信息化在规范护理敏感质量指标提取中的应用

目的 利用信息系统规范护理敏感质量指标的提取。 方法 分别通过完善及应用护理质量管理系统、医院信息网络系统(hospital information system, HIS)、蓝蜻蜓系统、“问卷星”在线调查工具4个信息系统采集变量,采集过程中进行质量控制。 结果 得出不同指标提取的相应信息渠道,规范各指标获取方法。 结论 利用信息系统进行护理敏感质量指标变量采集,保证了指标的可测量性、客观性、有效性和及时性。     

基于随机森林的精神分裂症血清代谢组学研究

目的探讨随机森林对精神分裂症患者和健康对照的血清代谢组学数据的分类能力,并筛选出差异代谢物。方法病例组为50例精神分裂症患者,对照组为62例健康个体,收集他们的血清进行代谢组学检测,然后用随机森林对数据进行分类,用OOB误差率估计、五折交叉验证评价分类效果,借助随机森林中变量重要性评分(VIM)获得重要的差异代谢物。结果随机森林对病例组和对照组的血清代谢组学数据分类效果较好。病例组错分率为4.0%,对照组错分率为1.6%。OOB误差率估计为2.68%,五折交叉验证ROC曲线下面积为0.99,并根据VIM筛选出15个重要的差异代谢物。结论将液相色谱-质谱代谢组学技术与随机森林相结合,能够筛选出有潜在临床应用价值的代谢物,可用于代谢组学研究。