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1.
Rian M. Hasson Kayla A. Fay Joseph D. Phillips Timothy M. Millington David J. Finley 《American journal of surgery》2021,221(4):725-730
BackgroundRural populations face many health disadvantages compared to urban areas. There is a critical need to better understand the current lung cancer screening landscape in these communities to identify targeted areas to improve the impact of this proven tool.MethodsData from the County Health Rankings of New Hampshire and Vermont was reviewed for population density, distribution of adult smokers, and level of education compared to the distribution of Lung Cancer Screening Facilities throughout these two states.ResultsScreening programs in southern counties of Vermont with lower levels of education have decreased access. In New Hampshire, there are no programs within 30 miles of the areas with the largest distribution of smokers, and decreased access in some areas with the lowest levels of education.ConclusionsImproving equitable access to high-quality screening services in rural regions and the creation of targeted interventions to address decreased access in areas of high tobacco use and low education is vital to decreasing the incidence of latestage presentations of lung cancer within these populations. 相似文献
2.
[目的]警示各级政府务必重视和坚持“预防为主”的方针,采取有力措施,加强对犬类的管理,从根本上控制住“狂犬病”疫情。[方法]广泛地开展防治狂犬病健康教育,提高群众的防范意识和自我保护能力;加强部门协作,对犬只实行“管、免、灭、测”的综合性防疫措施;通过多渠道、多途径全面掌握犬伤人员的伤口处理与疫苗注射情况,对经济困难的犬伤者由政府报销疫苗费等措施保障犬伤人员得到及时处理。[结果]2005年犬伤人员伤口处置与疫苗注射率达99.67%;犬只免疫87320只,免疫率占58.21%;农村捕杀野犬、恶犬22408只、城镇限养区捕杀1189只;随机对3只家犬进行了带毒检测,带毒率达66.67%;2005年1~7月发病数10例,8~12月发病2例。[结论]政府重视,部门协作,措施具体,宣传到位,犬伤人员能及时得到正确处置是控制和降低狂犬病发病的关键。 相似文献
3.
Jesse M. Pines MD MBA Debra G. Perina MD William J. Brady MD 《Academic emergency medicine》2004,11(9):982-984
OBJECTIVES: To determine the type of electrocardiogram (ECG) interpretation instruction in emergency medicine (EM) residency programs, the use and perceived value of teaching modalities and resources, and the methods used to assess competency of ECG interpretation. METHODS: An interactive survey instrument was posted on the Internet using SurveySuite, Inc., software and e-mailed to program directors (PDs) of all 125 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-approved U.S. EM residency programs. Responses are reported in total numbers and percentages. RESULTS: Ninety-nine of 125 PDs completed the online survey (response rate, 79.2%). Emergency department instruction (99%), case-based lectures (98%), and didactic lectures (98%) were most commonly used to teach interpretation of ECGs, followed by computer-based instruction (34%) and ECG laboratory (12%). The majority of programs (53%) spent more than eight hours on formal ECG lectures per year, while 11% spent less than three hours. Observation during clinical time (99%), lecture time (76%), and hypothetical cases (57%) were the most common ways to determine competency in reading ECGs, while clinical observation and hypothetical cases were perceived as the most valuable. The most commonly used resource was personal or departmental ECG files (91%), and this had the highest perceived value. The majority of PDs were comfortable with residents' abilities to read ECGs by the third year (96%) and fourth year (91%) of residency. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that EM PDs believe that EM residency is adequately preparing graduates to interpret ECGs. This goal is achieved through a variety of methods. 相似文献
4.
袁州区农村初三学生艾滋病健康教育效果分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的:为给欠发达地区的农村中学开展艾滋病健康教育工作提供科学依据。方法:采取整群随机抽样方法抽取宜春市袁州区4所农村中学的初三学生为研究对象,以专题讲座为艾滋病健康教育方式,用同一问卷调查农村中学生教育前后对艾滋病相关知识的知晓及态度。结果:在农村中学开展艾滋病健康教育能有效地提高农村中学生对艾滋病的一般知识和艾滋病传播途径的知晓程度,并能转变他们对艾滋病的相关态度。结论:对农村中学学生开展讲座方式的艾滋病健康教育是行之有效的。 相似文献
5.
本文报告了乌鲁木齐县两种不同类型住宅的卫生设施状况,重点对上下水设施,厕所及周围卫生状况进行了调查。结果表明:小二楼住宅有给排水设施及卫生间;砖土木结构平房内只有上水(自来水),但无下水道及卫生间。因均饮用城市自来水,故两类住宅人群肠道传染病发病率无显著性差异(P>0.05)。对B村六年几种肠道传染病发病率的动态分析表明,改水是预防和降低肠道传染病发病的有效措施。调查结果还表明,住宅设施完善与否, 相似文献
6.
Julie Hicks Patrick Jenessa C. Johnson R. Turner Goins David K. Brown 《Quality of life research》2004,13(5):959-967
This study investigates functional disability among some of the nation's most vulnerable older adults: rural Medicaid recipients. Data were provided by 221 older adults (mean age = 75.9 years; 82% women) who were receiving community-based long-term care services through Medicaid. Participants self-reported functional ability involving the completion of six basic activities of daily living (BADLs), three cognitive instrumental activities of daily living (IADLS), and four physical IADLs. Self-reports of depressed affect and the number of physical health conditions were also obtained. Path analysis was used to examine all of the associations among age, gender, number of chronic health conditions, depressed affect and functional disability. The tested model was significant [chi2 (DF = 3, n = 221) = 5.052, p = 0.168; TLI = 0.945; CFI = 0.992; RMSEA = 0.056] and explained 45.1% of the variance in BADL disability. Depressed affect significantly predicted disability in cognitive IADLs and physical IADLs, which predicted disability in BADLs. Age and gender had indirect effects on BADL, through their association with cognitive IADLs and physical IADLs. The number of chronic health conditions exerted both indirect and direct effects on BADL disability. Results are discussed within the context of the growing literature that suggests the importance of psychological variables as predictors of functional disability. Moreover, we discuss whether community-based long-term care is appropriate for older adults with high levels of functional disability. 相似文献
7.
北京农村居民健康状况及卫生服务需求调查 总被引:17,自引:5,他引:12
目的了解北京农村居民健康状况及卫生服务需求特点。方法从昌平区、顺义区、大兴区、房山区随机抽取25~64岁农民1605人进行统一问卷调查。结果农民高血压自报患病率为22.4%,超重和肥胖率为56.1%;现在吸烟率为34.4%,缺乏运动率为41.6%;家庭主要经济支出为学生上学(35.3%),建房(25.4%)和疾病(21.2%);54.9%家庭医疗费用支出占总收入的10%以上;最关心的健康问题主要是慢性疾病防治(70.2%);最希望获得的健康知识是慢性病预防知识(72%);希望获得健康知识的途径是广播和电视(81%);家庭最希望获得的医疗保健服务是方便看病和获得药物(73.8%)。结论慢性病给农民带来沉重负担,并成为农民关心的主要健康问题。 相似文献
8.
我国较贫困地区农村学龄前儿童膳食状况 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
对1985~1989年7省较贫困的18个乡农村儿童膳食调查资料采用平均摄入量、临界值及概率法进行了总结分析。结果表明,6~24月龄母乳喂养儿的辅食品种单一,数量不足。断奶儿童各年龄组热能、蛋白质摄入量的平均值分别达RDA的92%~104%和76%~84%,但以RDA为界值,仍有53%~62%及74%~85%的儿童热能、蛋白质摄入量低,用概率法分析蛋白质、钙、维生素A、B2、C及铁摄入不足的人数比例分别是50%~60%、93%~97%、51%~87%、74%~86%、58%~66%和12%~47%。热能、蛋白质摄入量低于RDA值儿童的身高、体重明显低于摄入量高于RDA值的儿童。 相似文献
9.
农村健康保险的精算体系 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
本文提出了我国农村健康保险的精算体系和测算保险费、管理费、储备金、预防保健费、保险因子、增加系数、医药费及其补偿比的实用方法。 相似文献
10.
了解北京市农村居民医疗费用情况。方法:分4个季度调查农村居民医疗卫生服务需要及利用情况,同时调查三级医疗机构门诊及住院病人的医疗功用。结果:农村居民年人均医疗费用80.95元,其中老年人为166.01元,居民年人均医疗费用最高的疾病为感冒及心脑血管病。结论:建议加强农村老年保健工作,发展和完善农村合作医疗制度。 相似文献