输尿管镜技术治疗梗阻性急性肾功能衰竭(附13例报告)

目的探讨输尿管镜技术在治疗急性梗阻性肾功能衰竭的应用。方法在输尿管镜直视下置DJ管治疗由结石、血块及晚期盆腔肿瘤引起的急性梗阻性肾功能衰竭13例。结果术后2-7d肾功能恢复正常，无术后并发症。血肌酐和尿素氮均在正常范围，尿量正常。结论应用榆尿管镜技术治疗急性梗阻性肾功能衰竭是一种安全、有效、微创的方法。     

3种微创手术治疗复杂性输尿管上段结石的疗效比较

目的比较经尿道输尿管镜钬激光碎石(URSL)联合体外冲击波碎石(ESWL)、微创经皮肾镜取石(mini-PCNL)、后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术(RLU)治疗复杂性输尿管上段结石的疗效。方法153例复杂性输尿管上段结石患者按治疗方法分为三组:URSL联合ESWL(联合组)治疗60例,mini-PCNL治疗65例,RLU治疗28例。结果联合组有5例转开放手术取石,余50例患者平均手术时间(65.45±16.39)min,术后并发症发生率为23.64%(13/55),1个月后结石清除率为90.91%(50/55)。mini-PCNL组无中转,平均手术时间(50.38±12.91)min,术后并发症发生率为9.23%(6/65),1个月后结石清除率为100%。RLU组有2例转开放取石,平均手术时间(81.73±17.89)min,术后并发症发生率为15.38%(4/26),1个月后结石清除率为100%(26/26)。mini-PCNL组的手术时间、术后住院时间均显著短于联合组和RLU组;并发症发生率明显低于联合组;1个月后结石清除率明显高于联合组。结论mini-PCNL治疗复杂性输尿管上段结石具有手术时间短、结石清除率高、术后并发症少、恢复快的优点。     

Stone extraction with loop ureteral catheter versus ureteroscopy in small distal ureteral stones—retrospective comparison of 547 consecutive patients

BackgroundTo evaluate whether stone extraction with a loop ureteral catheter (LUC) in distal ureteral stones is associated with a higher frequency of ureteral strictures compared to treatment with primary ureteroscopic stone removal (p-URS) or ureteroscopic laser lithotripsy (l-URS).MethodsFive hundred and forty-seven consecutive patients were primarily endourologically treated for distal ureteral stones in our department between 2005 and 2019 and included in the study protocol. Data was retrospectively obtained from the patients’ charts and medical reports as well as from office-based urologists. Data analysis was performed using Fisher’s exact test, Mann-Whitney test or Student’s t-test as appropriate. A level of P<0.05 was assigned statistical significance.ResultsFour hundred and twelve patients were treated by URS (p-URS n=304, l-URS n=108) and another 135 by LUC stone extraction. Median follow-up was 41 [2–159] months. There was no difference between the groups concerning age, gender, proportion of patients with ureteral stenting, operating time, hospitalization or readmission rates. The number of ureteric strictures was small in all procedures [n=3 (1.0%) in p-URS, n=2 (1.9%) in l-URS and n=2 (1.5%) in LUC] and there was no difference between the groups concerning this serious complication (p-URS vs. LUC: P=0.6465; l-URS vs. LUC: P=0.9999).ConclusionsIn small distal stones, LUC stone extraction still is an alternative to URS procedures in stone management with comparable results concerning postinterventional ureteral strictures. In experienced hands, it still has its value in accurately selected patients.     

输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术治疗上尿路结石梗阻性急性肾功能衰竭(附14例报告)

目的探讨输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术治疗上尿路结石梗阻性急性肾功能衰竭的临床效果。方法于2001年9月～2003年5月收治上尿路结石梗阻性急性肾功能衰竭患者14例,血BUN17.8～53.2mmol/L,血Cr375～1950μmol/L,均急诊行输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术治疗。结果12例术后1周结石排净,2例两侧结石在碎石过程中上移进入肾盂,再行体外震波碎石术(ESWL)治疗后1个月排净;术后24h尿量3200～6500ml,术后1周13例血BUN、血Cr基本恢复正常。结论输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术治疗上尿路结石梗阻性急性肾功能衰竭,具有安全可靠、损伤小、并发症少、恢复快的优点,同时可处理双侧输尿管结石,缩短住院时间,是一种较好的治疗方法。     

Two‐year‐old girl with impacted ureteral stone successfully treated with a single session of combined percutaneous nephrostomy and ureteroscopy

Impacted stones frequently cause changes in the ureter, including edema of the ureteral wall, stone embedding in the ureteral mucosa or ureteral bending, which often preclude spontaneous passing of the stone and increase the risk of complications during surgery. When stone impaction is suspected preoperatively, management should be adapted accordingly. However, surgical treatment strategies remain controversial in pediatric patients because of the scarcity of cases reported. We describe the case of a 2‐year‐old girl with a right impacted ureteral stone who presented with gross hematuria and pyuria, but no metabolic risk factors or hematological abnormalities. Ureteroscopy was carried out in the presence of a percutaneous nephrostomy catheter. At the 7‐month follow up, hydronephrosis had improved from grade 3 to grade 1, and the ureter was free from residual or recurrent stones. No complications were noted. We believe that percutaneous nephrostomy before the lithotripsy facilitates treatment for impacted stones in pediatric patients.