朝鲜淫羊藿酸性多糖的理化特性及对HepG2细胞脂质堆积的改善作用＊

目的 对比研究朝鲜淫羊藿酸性多糖酯化还原前后的理化特性，并探讨其改善油酸诱导的肝癌HepG2细胞脂质堆积活性的差异。方法 采用高效凝胶渗透色谱法测定朝鲜淫羊藿酸性多糖（EFPA）的均一性和分子量，高效液相色谱法测定EFPA和酯化还原后朝鲜淫羊藿酸性多糖（EFPA-R）的单糖组成；采用油酸（OA）处理HepG2细胞诱导建立脂质蓄积模型，不同浓度EFPA与EFPA-R（10、30、100、300 μg·mL^-1）分别和OA共同作用于细胞24 h，采用CCK-8试剂盒测定细胞存活率，油红O染色观察细胞内脂滴蓄积情况，并采用试剂盒测定细胞内总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）含量。结果 EFPA为成分均一的多糖组分，分子量为125.8 kDa，由甘露糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖醛酸和阿拉伯糖组成，摩尔比为1.7∶7.4∶1.4∶1.8∶1.0，葡萄糖占比最大，EFPA-R由甘露糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖和阿拉伯糖组成，摩尔比为0.8∶10.6∶2.1∶1.0；在10-300 μg·mL^-1范围内，EFPA和EFPA-R对HepG2细胞的抑制作用较弱，作为给药浓度；与空白组相比，模型组细胞中TC、TG含量显著升高（P < 0.01），细胞内红色脂滴显著增多，与模型组相比，EFPA可显著降低细胞中TC、TG含量（P < 0.01），明显减少细胞内红色脂滴（P < 0.05或P < 0.01），EFPA-R干预后细胞则无明显变化。结论 EFPA可明显改善HepG2细胞脂质堆积情况，且呈现剂量依赖性，而半乳糖醛酸（GalA）的存在可能是其抑制HepG2细胞脂质蓄积的关键因素。     

三阴性乳腺癌治疗的研究进展

三阴性乳腺癌（triple negative breast cancer，TNBC）是雌激素受体(estrogen receptor，ER)、孕激素受体（progesterone receptor，PR）及人类表皮生长因子受体（human epidermal growth factor-2,HER-2）均不表达的乳腺癌。按其功能特征可归纳为5类分子分型:以DNA修复缺陷或生长因子为途径的基底细胞样三阴性乳腺癌；以上皮-间充质转化和肿瘤干细胞为特征的间质样三阴性乳腺癌；免疫调节型三阴性乳腺癌；雄激素受体过表达的管腔／分泌型三阴性乳腺癌；HER-2富集型三阴性乳腺癌。三阴性乳腺癌恶性程度高且异型性较大，其治疗困难且预后较差，内分泌治疗及靶向治疗不敏感。目前很多学者对于三阴性乳腺癌的治疗各有研究，并有临床试验证实下述治疗有效。     

TQA数据趋势与TomoTherapy输出稳定性的联系

目的:探讨TomoTherapy QualityAssurance（TQA）数据趋势与螺旋断层放疗（Helical Tomotherapy，HT）系统输出的 联系。方法:回顾性分析了本院HT系统近3年内TQA各个模块的参数和数据趋势，探讨其与HT系统的静态输出剂量和 输出能量（D20/D10）变化的相关性。结果:楔形阶梯静态模块的z轴偏移参数与HT的静态输出剂量的相关性最强（r=0.883, P<0.01）。基本剂量测定模块的出口检测器平整度值对能量变化最敏感（r=0.902），其次是楔形阶梯静态模块的能量差异 （r=0.897）和楔形阶梯螺旋模块的能量差异（r=0.852），灵敏度分别为2.3×10-4、3.1×10-4和5.7×10-4。结论:TQA有助于用户 追踪HT输出剂量和能量变化，及早进行必要的机器维护或剂量校准。     

Comparison of outcomes between minimally invasive and median sternotomy for double and triple valve surgery: A meta-analysis

Background

Limited data exists demonstrating the efficacy of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) compared to median sternotomy (MS) for multiple valvular disease (MVD). This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to compare operative and peri-operative outcomes of MIS vs MS in MVD.

Methods

PubMed, Ovid, and Embase were searched from inception until August 2019 for randomized and observational studies comparing MIS and MS in patients with MVD. Clinical outcomes of intra- and postoperative times, reoperation for bleeding and surgical site infection were evaluated.

Results

Five observational studies comparing 340 MIS vs 414 MS patients were eligible for qualitative and quantitative review. The quality of evidence assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale was good for all included studies. Meta-analysis demonstrated increased cardiopulmonary bypass time for MIS patients (weighted mean difference [WMD], 0.487; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.365-0.608; P < .0001). Similarly, aortic cross-clamp time was longer in patients undergoing MIS (WMD, 0.632; 95% CI, 0.509-0.755; P < .0001). No differences were found in operative mortality, reoperation for bleeding, surgical site infection, or hospital stay.

Conclusions

MIS for MVD have similar short-term outcomes compared to MS. This adds value to the use of minimally invasive methods for multivalvular surgery, despite conferring longer operative times. However, the paucity in literature and learning curve associated with MIS warrants further evidence, ideally randomized control trials, to support these findings.

     

雷贝拉唑与兰索拉唑三联疗法治疗幽门螺杆菌阳性消化性溃疡疗效比较

目的:比较雷贝拉唑三联疗法与兰索拉唑三联疗法治疗幽门螺杆菌阳性消化性溃疡的疗效。方法:将幽门螺杆菌阳性的消化性溃疡83例分为两组:治疗组(雷贝拉唑三联疗法组)41例,以雷贝拉唑10mg,阿莫西林1000mg及甲硝唑400mg每日2次口服,治疗1周后单独服用雷贝拉唑10mg,连服7d;对照组(兰索拉唑三联疗法组)42例:以兰索拉唑30mg,阿莫西林1000mg及甲硝唑400mg,每日2次口服,治疗1周后单独服用兰索拉唑30mg,连服7d。治疗期间每周门诊随诊,记录临床症状改善情况,用药结束1个月后复查胃镜并检测幽门螺杆菌结果。结果:治疗组和对照组1d的临床症状缓解率分别为80%、60%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);1周后症状缓解率均为98%。治疗组和对照组的溃疡愈合率分别为93%和76%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗组和对照组的总有效率分别为98%和96%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗组和对照组的幽门螺杆菌根除率分别85%和81%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:两组方案均能有效治疗消化性溃疡和缓解临床症状,并能有效地根除幽门螺杆菌。但雷贝拉唑三联疗法在改善临床症状和促进溃疡愈合方面优于兰索拉唑三联疗法。     

闽产木立芦荟多糖的分离纯化及初步分析

目的 分离纯化及初步分析产木立芦荟中的多糖。方法 芦荟经沸水提取，醇沉，Sevage法去除蛋白质，Sephadex G-200柱色谱分离纯化，制得闽产木立芦荟多糖，以硫酸－苯酚法测定其总糖含量。结果 闽产木立芦荟多糖经紫外吸收光谱扫描具有多糖特征吸收峰，未见核酸和蛋白质吸收峰，多糖含量可达89．7％，初步分析由D－甘露糖和D－葡萄糖等单糖组成。结论 从闽产木立芦荟中可提取分离纯度较高的杂多糖。     

Renal allograft immunosuppression

We have investigated the impact of triple drug immunosuppression on the occurrence of early inflammatory episodes, as detected by fine needle aspiration biopsy, and of episodes of clinical rejection during the immediate postoperative period. The prospective component of this study includes 128 consecutive first cadaveric renal transplant recipients receiving triple drug treatment consisting of azathioprine (Aza), cyclosporin (CyA) and methylprednisolone (MP). For controls we have used three historical groups: one immunosuppressed with Aza and MP (group A), another with CyA monotherapy (group B), and the third with CyA together with MP (group C) in equivalent drug dosages. On the average, 0.8 episodes of inflammation per patient were recorded during the immediate postoperative period of 30 days with triple drug treatment. This was significantly less than the 1.3 episodes in patients receiving Aza and MP (P<0.01), the 1.7 episodes in patients on CyA monotherapy (P<0.001), or the 1.6 episodes in patients receiving CyA together with MP (P<0.001). Although the first episode of inflammation commenced concurrently in each group and the peak intensity of inflammation was the same, the mean duration of inflammation was significantly shorter-2.7 days-under triple drug treatment than the 7.8–11.7 days for controls (P<0.001). The frequency of rejection episodes under triple treatment was also significantly lower-0.2 per patient-than the 0.8 per patient in controls (P<0.001). The first rejection episode occurred later in the triple drug treatment group-on the average, on day 15.2-than in the historical controls (on days 7.7–11.7). There was, however, no difference in the duration of rejection. There were no differences in patient survival between the four groups. Graft survival was 97% at 10 weeks for triple drug-treated recipients and 79%, 68%, and 87% for first grafts in groups A, B, and C, respectively. Disregarding a minor demographic bias for the triple drugtreated group with respect to preformed antibodies and preoperative dialysis treatment, the study suggests that the triple drug protocol, in the short run, is superior to any conceivable double drug combination or CyA monotherapy.     

当归多糖及其中性组分对巨噬细胞分泌TNF-α的影响

目的 :观察当归多糖 (ASP)及其中性组分 (ASP 1)在体内外对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞 (MФ)分泌TNF α的影响。方法 :直接制取小鼠腹腔MФ ,与ASP及ASP 1共同培养 16h ;ASP及ASP 112 5、2 5 0mg kg经口灌胃给药 7d ,于第 7d制取MФ ,体外培养 16h ,分别观察ASP及ASP 1在体外均可显著增强MФ对TNF α的分泌。ASP及ASP 1体内给药无直接诱导MФ分泌TNF α的功能。结论 :ASP及ASP 1在体内外均可增强小鼠腹腔MФ分泌TNF α的功能。     

螺旋藻多糖对人宫颈癌Hela细胞体外生长的影响

目的：探讨螺旋藻多糖（PSP）对体外培养的Hela细胞生长的影响。方法：采用MTT法测定 PSP的抗肿瘤活性，并观察其对Hela细胞形态学的影响。结果：随PSP浓度的升高，Hela细胞存活率逐渐降低，抑制率逐渐增加；光镜下观察显示，PSP作用24-48h后，细胞出现明显的形态学改变。结论：PSP能抑制Hela细胞增殖。