Objective: Longitudinal data on cardiometabolic effects of egg intake during adolescence are lacking. The current analyses aim to evaluate the impact of usual adolescent egg consumption on lipid levels, fasting glucose, and insulin resistance during late adolescence (age 17–20?years).
Methods: Data from 1392 girls, aged 9 to 10 at baseline and followed for 10?years, in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s National Growth and Health Study were used to examine the association between usual egg intake alone and in combination with other healthy lifestyle factors and late adolescent lipid levels, fasting glucose, and insulin resistance, measured as homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Diet was assessed using 3-day food records during eight examination cycles. Girls were classified according to usual weekly egg intake, ages 9–17?years:?<1 egg/wk (n?=?361), 1 to <3 eggs/wk (n?=?703), and ≥3 eggs/wk (n?=?328). Analysis of covariance modeling was used to control for confounding by other behavioral and biological risk factors.
Results: Girls with low, moderate, and high egg intakes had adjusted low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels of 99.7, 98.8, and 95.5 mg/dL, respectively (p?=?0.0778). In combination with higher intakes of fiber, dairy, or fruits and vegetables, these beneficial effects were stronger and statistically significant. There was no evidence that ≥3 eggs/wk had an adverse effect on lipids, glucose, or HOMA-IR. More active girls who consumed ≥3 eggs/wk had the lowest levels of insulin resistance.
Conclusion: These results suggest that eggs may be included as part of a healthy adolescent diet without adverse effects on glucose, lipid levels, or insulin resistance. 相似文献
Many Australian Aboriginal bushfoods contain slowly digested carbohydrate which elicit low postprandial blood glucose and insulin responses compared to Western foods, such as wheat bread. This study has shown that incorporation of flour made from a slowly digested seed, Acacia coriacea , into wheat bread (18 g/82 g wheat flour) significantly reduces the initial rise in plasma glucose levels ( p < 0.05) and the area under the plasma glucose curve ( p < 0.005) in six healthy subjects. Insulin values were also lowered at 60 minutes ( p < 0.025) and 90 minutes ( p < 0.05). Our findings suggest that Acacia flour, when used to dilute wheat flour in the manufacture of breads, produces a very palatable food which could be useful in the diets of diabetic individuals. 相似文献
Rats were fed either a cereal-based or a purified casein-based diet in a foraging paradigm in which the costs of procurement and consumption were varied. The group offered the cereal-based diet consumed about 10% more calories than the group offered the casein-based diet, but both groups grew at the same rate. The intake of a control group offered a choice between the two diets was approximately 80% from the casein diet, and the growth of this group did not differ from that of the experimental groups. Variations in the cost of procurement and the cost of consumption affected the patterning of meals differentially for the two diets: changes in meal patterns tended to control the time and/or energy spent feeding. These results show that (1) meal patterns in the foraging paradigm are sensitive to subtle differences in diets, and (2) the amount of diet consumed (acceptance) and the choice between diets (preference) are determined by the economics of feeding and the nutritive quality of the foods, as well as by their palatability. 相似文献
Indigenous Solomon Islanders, like many living in Pacific Small Island Developing States (PSIDS), are currently experiencing the global syndemic—the combined threat of obesity, undernutrition, and climate change. This mixed-method study aimed to assess nutrition transitions and diet quality by comparing three geographically unique rural and urban indigenous Solomon Islands populations. Participants in rural areas sourced more energy from wild and cultivated foods; consumed a wider diversity of foods; were more likely to meet WHO recommendations of >400 g of non-starchy fruits and vegetables daily; were more physically active; and had significantly lower body fat, waist circumference, and body mass index (BMI) when compared to urban populations. Urban populations were found to have a reduced ability to self-cultivate agri-food products or collect wild foods, and therefore consumed more ultra-processed foods (classified as NOVA 4) and takeout foods, and overall had less diverse diets compared to rural populations. Clear opportunities to leverage traditional knowledge and improve the cultivation and consumption of underutilized species can assist in building more sustainable and resilient food systems while ensuring that indigenous knowledge and cultural preferences are respected. 相似文献
The aim of this study was to elucidate the effects of an Asian diet compared to a Western diet on sperm numbers and quality, and serum hormones in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) injected with testosterone enanthate (TE) plus depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA). Thirty male monkeys were divided into three groups of ten animals each. The first group (control) was fed with standard diet 'monkey chow' (9% fat, 13% protein, 78% carbohydrate); the second group was fed an 'asian' diet (15% fat, 15% protein, 70% carbohydrate); the third group was fed a 'Western' diet (35% fat, 25% protein, 40% carbohydrate). These diets were administered from the beginning (adaptation) until the experiment was terminated. Three months after the adaptation period, all groups were injected with 20 mg TE (once per week) and 25 mg DMPA (once every 6 weeks) for 18 weeks, while TE injections were continued for another 6 weeks. There were no differences in sperm numbers and quality, or in hormone levels between the first and second groups. In both of these groups azoospermia was achieved in 100% of animals, while in the third group only 70% achieved azoospermia. In all 3 groups, spermatozoa were once again detectable by week 33. However, by the end of the study at week 39, sperm numbers in the first and second groups reached only severe oligozoospermia (two animals remained azoospermic in the first group) while in the third group, numbers had returned to normozoospermia. The quality of spermatozoa during and after the treatment in the third group was better than in the first and second groups. Hormone concentrations decreased more rapidly in both the first and second groups, compared to the third group, while the recovery period was slower in the first and second groups, compared to the third group. It is concluded that different formula diets result in differential decreases in sperm numbers and quality, and in hormone concentrations in M. fascicularis injected with TE in combination with DMPA. Animals fed with either monkey chow or an Asian diet exhibited more severe and prolonged decreases in these parameters than did animals fed with a Western diet. 相似文献