益母草的研究进展

益母草为唇彤科植物益母草的全草,是常用的中药。现代研究表明,益母草具有广泛的医药用途和应用前景。通过查阅近几年对其化学作用以及药理作用研究成果的文献,对其化学成分及药理作用进行分析、归纳、总结,完成本篇综述,目的是希望能为益母草的进一步开发利用提供一定的参考。     

益母草注射液对DIC大鼠血液动力学的影响

目的：探讨益母草注射液（LHS）对弥散性血管内凝血（DIC）大鼠血液动力学的干预作用。方法：静脉注射高分子右旋糖酐（Dextran500）复制大鼠实验性DIC模型。随机分为LHS治疗组、生理盐水治疗组（NS组）和DIC模型组。采用肠系膜微循环观察、器官微区血流和血液流变学测定方法进行研究。结果：大鼠静脉注射Dextran500后，微血管收缩、微血流变慢和微血栓形成；经LHS治疗后，微血管明显扩张，其流态和微血栓积分值低于NS组（P〈0．05）；LHS和NS均能改善胃、肠、肝的微区血流量，但LHS组效果优于NS组（P〈0．05）；LHS还可使血黏度、血小板黏附率和聚集率降低。红细胞变形能力增强。结论：LHS通过扩张微血管、增加器官血流量、降低血黏度和抑制血小板聚集。对DIC具有治疗作用。     

秦巴山区益母草中几种微量元素含量分析

采用微波消解系统处理益母草样品,并使用火焰原子吸收光谱法(FAAS)测定了秦巴山区益母草中Fe、Mn、Cu、Ni、Zn等5种无机元素的含量。结果表明:微波消解时间短,操作简单,节省试剂,环境污染少,加标回收率均在99.6%~100.3%范围内,相对标准偏差(RSD)均<5%。益母草中这几种对人体健康非常有益的元素的含量都比较丰富,其含量由高到低的排列顺序为:Fe、Zn、Mn、Cu、Ni。     

鲜益母草胶囊和益母草流浸膏对血液系统影响的比较研究

目的：观察鲜益母草胶囊对动物血液系统的作用。以求证其活性化瘀功效。方法：运用自然出血法，毛细管凝血法，烫伤致瘀法，优球蛋白降解法和微循环观察法分别观察鲜益母草胶囊对大小鼠出血、凝血、血瘀、纤溶及微循环的影响，并与益母草流浸膏进行比较。结果：鲜益母草胶囊对大鼠出血时间没有明显影响；高剂量鲜益母草胶囊能延长小鼠的凝血时间；能明显对抗烫伤大鼠血小板聚集活性的增高；能明显缩短大鼠优球蛋白溶解时间（ELT），提高纤溶活性；显著改善大鼠肠系膜凝循环。结论：与益母草流浸膏比较，鲜益母草胶囊具有较强的活血化瘀作用。     

Efficacy of carboprost tromethamine combined with leonurus japonicus for prevention of postpartum hemorrhage in high-risk pregnant women: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:No well-designed and systematic evaluation of the efficacy and safety of leonurus japonicus injection (LJI) in combination with carboprost tromethamine has been found. Therefore, we undertook a meta-analysis to assess the efficacy and safety of carboprost tromethamine combined with LJI for the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage in high-risk pregnant women to provide new evidence-based medical evidence for clinical treatment.Methods:This systematic review and meta-analysis would be performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The following databases including EMBASE, MEDICINE, Wanfang, China National Knowledge Infrastructure database, and Cochrane central controlled trial registries were searched by 2 reviewers from inception to July 2021. Mesh and keyword search terms were “motherwort,” “Yimucao,” “leonurus japonicas,” “carboprost tromethamine,” and “postpartum hemorrhage.” Any cohort studies that assessed the efficacy and safety of carboprost tromethamine combined with LJI for the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage would be included. P < .05 was set as the level of significance.Results:The review would add to the existing literature by showing compelling evidence and improved guidance in clinic settings.OSF registration number:10.17605/OSF.IO/2WC53.     

The evaluation of formulations for the preparation of new formula pellets

The aim of the study was to prepare pellets of maidenhair tree (Ginkgo biloba), motherwort (Leonurus cardiaca) and hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) dry extracts by extrusion/spheronization method. The critical step of this process was the amount of added wetting liquid (water-ethanolic mixture) and the amount of extract in the formulation. The samples of pellets containing 30–50% of extracts were formulated: Pellets contained extracts of Ginkgo, Crataegi and Leonuri. The last sample was aimed at the formulation of pellets with the content of 30% of the mixture of Ginkgo, Leonuri and Crataegi extracts in a ratio of 1:5:6. The remainder of the solid compounds in all formulations was microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel^® PH-101). It was not possible to find a way to adequately wet the formulations with the content of extracts higher than 30% because of the unsuitable properties of all three extracts used. On the basis of the experiments, pellets with mixtures of all three previously used extracts were prepared. These pellets showed perfect physico-mechanical properties: Hardness (10.00?±?2.24 N), friability (0.06%), repose angle (20.99?±?0.41°), flowability (6.97?±?0.29 s/100g of pellets), sphericity (0.81?±?0.05), compressibility index (4.65%), intraparticular porosity (0.09%) and interparticular porosity (45.11%), which predetermine them to other testing and usage (feeling into capsules, tableting, coating etc.).     

益母草总黄酮对心肌梗死大鼠心功能及肌浆网钙泵的活性及其蛋白水平的影响

目的：探讨益母草总黄酮对大鼠心肌梗死的保护作用。方法：采用左冠状动脉前降支结扎制作大鼠心肌梗死模型,通过大鼠血流动力学指标以及心肌肌浆网钙泵的活性及其蛋白水平来反映益母草总黄酮对大鼠心肌梗死的影响。结果：①血流动力学检测显示,益母草总黄酮可以显著提高模型大鼠左室收缩压以及左室内压最大收缩率（P〈0.05）,但对于模型大鼠左室舒张末压以及左室内压最大舒张率没有影响;②心肌组织SERCA2a检测显示,益母草总黄酮对模型大鼠心肌组织SERCA2a活性没有影响,而对SERCA2a含量可显著提高（P〈0.05）。结论：益母草总黄酮能够提高冠状动脉结扎大鼠心肌收缩功能,可能机制是提高大鼠心肌组织SERCA2a含量。     

广西益母草中总碱的提取研究

目的:探究超声波法和普通回流法提取广西益母草中总碱的效益。方法:超声波法和普通回流法。结果:在提取益母草总碱时,超声波提取法较回流提取法有省时、节能、提出率高等优点。结论:用超声波法提取益母草中的总碱优于用普通回流法,超声波法提取益母草总碱的最佳条件为超声波频率为80 kHz,超声处理40 min,以75%乙醇为溶剂。     

益母草颗粒治疗原发性痛经的临床效果分析

目的：分析益母草颗粒治疗原发性痛经的临床效果,探讨全科医生在治疗原发性痛经中的作用。方法：选取56例原发性痛经的患者,按照随机数字表法将其分为对照组（28例）和治疗组（28例）,对照组采用布洛芬缓释胶囊治疗（1粒/次,2次/日,月经来潮期服用）,治疗组在对照组的基础上加用益母草颗粒（1袋/次,3次/日,月经干净到月经第3天均持续服药）,两组均连续治疗3个周期,考察两组的临床治疗效果、疼痛时间及不良反应等。结果：对照组总有效率为64.3%,治疗组为92.9%,治疗组总有效率较对照组差异有统计学意义（χ^2=4.057,P〈0.05）;治疗组经期疼痛时间较对照组明显缩短,差异具有统计学意义（t=19.138,P〈0.05）;两组均未出现严重的不良反应。结论：益母草颗粒用于治疗原发性痛经,可显著缩短痛经时间,提高临床疗效,且不良反应少,具有一定的治疗效果。     

吕海江运用茺蔚子治疗眼科疾病经验

吕海江教授认为茺蔚子善活血行瘀,清肝泻火,行中有补,且破血之力不及红花、桃仁,止血之力不及三七、蒲黄,故对眼睛这个特殊部位的出血症最宜,可用于治疗暴盲气滞血瘀证,天行赤眼暴翳肝经风热证,聚星障阴虚邪留证。