Inadvertent removal of foreign body via a flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope in a 4-year-old boy

We report the case of a 4-year-old child with an atypical presentation of an aspirated unwitnessed foreign body in the airway. During an attempt to obtain a biopsy of what appeared to be a mucosal growth, the foreign body was removed. This may be the first report of foreign body removal in a child this young, using a flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1994; 18:51–52. © 1994 Wiley-Liss. Inc.     

早期采用无创正压通气联合纤维支气管镜治疗社区获得性重症肺炎并发呼吸衰竭的临床研究

目的观察早期采用无创正压通气联合纤维支气管镜(简称纤支镜)治疗社区获得性重症肺炎并发呼吸衰竭的疗效。方法将社区获得性重症肺炎并发呼吸衰竭早期的患者分为接受早期无创正压通气联合纤支镜治疗组(治疗组)和拒绝接受无创通气及纤支镜治疗组(对照组),比较两组病例治疗前后的呼吸频率变化、血气分析变化、首次痰培养阳性率、气管插管率、呼吸重症监护病房(R ICU)住院时间和病死率。结果治疗组治疗2h PaO2升至(74±11)mm Hg,至24h达(75±10)mm Hg,对照组分别为(49±11)mm Hg、(51±8)mm Hg,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。治疗组24h后呼吸频率为(30±5)次/m in,pH值为7.38±0.10,PaCO2为(46±10)mm Hg,对照组分别为(37±5)次/m in、7.30±0.12、(59±8)mm Hg,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组和对照组的首次痰培养阳性率分别为60.0%和33.3%、气管插管率为24%和57.14%、R ICU住院时间为(13±4)d和(16±4)d、病死率为12%和42.86%,两组指标比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论早期采用无创正压通气联合纤支镜技术是治疗社区获得性重症肺炎并发呼吸衰竭的有效手段,能迅速改善动脉血气、缓解呼吸困难,减少气管插管率,降低病死率,减少ICU住院时间,改善预后。     

气管镜对难治性肺结核的治疗效果探析

目的：分析气管镜对难治性肺结核的治疗效果。方法对42例患者实施气管镜下保护性气囊药物灌注治疗。结果42例患者症状好转率100%，胸部CT见空洞缩小闭合率为95.2%，病灶总吸收率为92.9%，痰菌转阴率为85.7%。患者无任何不适，未出现严重不良反应。结论气管镜下保护性气囊药物灌注治疗难治性肺结核安全有效。     

床旁电子支气管镜吸痰灌洗治疗机械通气患者的护理配合

目的探讨机械通气病人床旁电子支气管镜灌洗治疗的护理配合方法。方法对78名接受抗感染、对症支持治疗及气管常规护理的机械通气患者,配合使用床旁电子支气管镜吸痰灌洗治疗,观察临床疗效,总结护理经验。结果 78例患者经吸痰灌洗治疗后,呼吸困难症状均不同程度缓解。结论床旁电子支气管镜吸痰灌洗是辅助临床治疗,改善机械通气患者气道阻塞的一种简便有效的治疗手段,术中的护理配合对改善临床症状及预后至关重要。     

胸膜疾病纤维支气管镜胸腔诊治的应用价值

目的　探讨纤支镜代胸腔镜诊治胸膜疾病的临床应用价值。方法 对25例自发性气胸和22例胸腔积液患者在局麻下用纤支镜行开放式胸腔检查治疗术。结果 胸腔积液患者的诊断率为95.4%(21/22),包括胸膜转移癌11例,胸膜间皮瘤1例,胸膜结核6例,脓胸3例,气胸患者中13例寻找到肺大疱或胸膜破口,而48%(12例)镜下未见明显异常。结论 局麻下纤支镜代胸腔镜术安全、简便,可直视下观察胸腔病变并进行活检,有利明确积液病因,对脓胸和自发性气胸的诊治也有较大的意义。     

两种标本采集方法对ICU患者下呼吸道病原学检测的影响

目的 比较两种标本采集方法获取的ICU患者下呼吸道样本的病原学检测结果,以确定何种方法可更准确简便地获取标本,为临床治疗提供依据。方法 选取40例来自ICU的急危重症患者。对同一患者先以无创常规方法采集下呼吸道标本密封,再以纤支镜(OlympusBF P40)获取支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)密封后同时送检。结果 经无创常规获取痰标本的痰培养阳性率为72.5%,经纤支镜获取BALF的培养阳性率为80.0%,两组阳性率比较,差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05);两组培养结果符合率为72.5%(29/40),两种样本采集方法获取的样本中病原菌检测结果具有一致性(Kappa=0.658, P=0.000)。结论 无创常规标本采集方法仍然是一种省时、省力、经济且较准确的获取高质量样本的方法。     

A pseudoepidemic of Mycobacterium chelonae: contamination of a bronchoscope and autocleaner

Background: At fibreoptic bronchoscopy the potential exists for contamination of bronchoscopes and microbiological specimens. Patients may also be cross infected with acid fast bacilli (AFB). During a five month period, 12 bronchial wash specimens of 65 patients undergoing bronchoscopy, one bronchoscope and an autocleaner, were contaminated with the AFB, Mycobacterium chelonae (MCH).
Aim: To eradicate AFB contamination of bronchoscopy specimens by identifying sources of contamination and modifying disinfection procedures.
Methods: To identify the source of contamination, samples for AFB culture were taken from three bronchoscopes, the autocleaner and water taps. To eradicate MCH contamination, the bronchoscopes were soaked in 2% glutaraldehyde overnight and flushed with 70% alcohol. Disinfection procedures were altered by using sterile water and containers in cleaning. Autocleaner use was discontinued.
Results: The autocleaner, one bronchoscope and 12 bronchial wash specimens were contaminated with MCH. All contaminants had similar electrophoretic banding on probing of their DNA fragments, suggesting a common clone of origin. After the alterations in disinfection procedures and despite prolonged soaking in 2% glutaraldehyde, three further contaminated wash specimens were isolated from one bronchoscope. Only after ethylene oxide sterilisation of this bronchoscope was the contamination overcome. Since then no further MCH contamination has occurred. No patient required treatment and there has been no clinical evidence of mycobacterial disease.
Conclusion: To avoid contamination of bronchoscopy specimens with MCH, use of autocleaners should be discouraged and sterile water and containers used in cleaning procedures. If MCH contamination occurs in this setting, the bronchoscope and dismantled valve mechanism should undergo ethylene oxide sterilisation. (Aust NZ J Med 1994; 24: 693–695.)     

支气管镜在儿童呼吸系统疾病应用的安全性研究进展

随着支气管镜技术的不断发展和完善,支气管镜在儿科领域的应用日益广泛.同时,由于儿童自身的特殊性,支气管镜在儿科应用的安全性问题一直都备受关注.与儿童支气管镜诊疗安全性相关的研究及观察也逐渐成为热点.为了降低不良反应和并发症的发生率,术前应仔细评估并进行积极的心理护理.术中应选择适合的麻醉方式、持续给氧、熟练快捷地完成操作并应密切监护患者的生命体征.尤其是对于小年龄组患者更要引起高度重视.为了避免患者发生不必要的医源性感染,还应完善严格执行消毒隔离制度.同时也要保护好医护人员的安全.     

气管镜下给药治疗重症肺炎患者的临床效果观察

目的：探究气管镜下给药治疗重症肺炎患者的临床效果。方法60例重症肺炎患者,按照完全抽样调查法1∶1分成观察组和对照组,每组30例;观察组行气管镜下给药治疗,对照组行常规治疗,分析比较两组的临床疗效。结果治疗后,两组患者呼吸力学的各项检测指标均有所改善,且观察组炎性细胞因子较对照组有明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论气管镜下给药治疗重症肺炎可改善患者的临床体征,治疗效果显著。     

A Time Series Observation of Chinese Children Undergoing Rigid Bronchoscopy for an Inhaled Foreign Body: 3149 Cases in 1991–2010

Background:

In China, tracheobronchial foreign body (TFB) aspiration, a major cause of emergency episode and accident death in children, remains a challenge for anesthetic management. Here, we share our experience and discuss the anesthetic consideration and management of patients with TFB aspiration.

Methods:

This was a single-institution retrospective study in children with an inhaled foreign body between 1991 and 2010 that focused on the complications following rigid bronchoscopy (RB). Data including the clinical characteristics of patients and TFB, anesthetic method, and postoperative severe complications were analyzed by different periods.

Results:

During the 20-year study period, the charts of 3149 patients who underwent RB for suspected inhaled TFB were reviewed. There were 2079 male and 1070 female patients (1.94:1). A nut (84%) was the most commonly inhaled object. The study revealed a 9% (n = 284) overall rate of severe postoperative complications related to severe hypoxemia, laryngeal edema, complete laryngospasm, pneumothorax, total segmental atelectasis, and death with incidences of 3.2%, 0.9%, 1.3%, 0.3%, 0.3%, and 0.1%, respectively. The rates of preoperative airway impairment, negative findings of TFB, and adverse postoperative events have been on the rise in the past 5 years.

Conclusions:

The survey results confirmed that hypoxemia remains the most common postoperative complication in different periods. Both controlled ventilation and spontaneous ventilation were effective during the RB extraction of the foreign body at our hospital in the modern technique period. An active respiratory symptom was commonly seen in the groups with negative findings.