加压三相淤浆床环氧乙烷合成过程研究V. 二号液相热载体物性数据的测定和关联

测定了三相淤浆床环氧乙烷合成过程所用惰性液相热载体的物性数据,包括表面张力、密度、粘度、比热容等,并对实验数据进行了回归,得到各种物性数据和温度的关联式.     

Heat-assisted slurry sampling GFAAS method for determination of lead in food standard reference materials

A valid method based on heat-assisted slurry sampling graphic furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (HASS-GFAAS) was developed for the accurate determination of trace Pb in food standard reference materials (SRMs). The HASS technique significantly improved Pb recovery and precision compared to conventional slurry sampling techniques. The optimized HASS procedure was performed as follows: first, the sample (particle size ≤ 150 μm) was diluted with 0.05% (v/v) Triton X-100 containing 2% HNO₃ and 1% H₂O₂ followed by heating for 20 min at 120 °C on a heating block. Next, the obtained slurry was sonicated in an autosampler cup, and finally, the slurry was introduced into a graphite tube and analyzed by the GFAAS with a Pb electrodeless discharge lamp (EDL). Calibration with aqueous standard solutions was used for Pb determination in food samples. The characteristic mass and limit of detection for Pb based on the integrated absorbance for a 2% (m/v) sample were 12 ± 0.6 pg and 0.003 mg kg⁻¹, respectively. The accuracy (95.1–102% recovery) and good precision (0.1–3.6%) of this procedure are illustrated by the results obtained for the 12 food reference materials. The proposed method is suitable for determination of trace Pb in solid food samples.     

Rapid pleurodesis is an outpatient alternative in patients with malignant pleural effusions: a prospective randomized controlled trial

Background

Chemical pleurodesis can be palliative for recurrent, symptomatic pleural effusions in patients who are not candidate for a thoracic surgical procedure. We hypothesized that effective pleurodesis could be accomplished with a rapid method of pleurodesis as effective as the standard method.

Methods

A prospective randomized ‘non-inferiority’ trial was conducted in 96 patients with malignant pleural effusion (MPE) who are not potentially curable and/or not amenable to any other surgical intervention. They were randomly allocated to group 1 (rapid pleurodesis) and to group 2 (standard protocol). In group 1, following complete fluid evacuation, talc slurry was instilled into the pleural space. This was accomplished within 2 h of thoracic catheter insertion, unless the drained fluid was more than 1,500 mL. After clamping the tube for 30 min, the pleural space was drained for 1 h, after which the thoracic catheter was removed. In group 2, talc-slurry was administered when the daily drainage was lower than 300 mL/day.

Results

No-complication developed due to talc-slurry in two groups. Complete or partial response was achieved in 35 (87.5%) and 33 (84.6%) patients in group 1 and group 2 respectively (P=0.670). The mean drainage time was 40.7 and 165.2 h in group 1 and group 2 respectively (P<0.001).

Conclusions

Rapid pleurodesis with talc slurry is safe and effective and it can be performed in an outpatient basis.     

着色氧化锆材料喷雾造粒浆料的制备

目的：研究氧化锆材料浆料流变特性,浆料中固含量、聚乙烯醇（PVA）含量和球磨时问对氧化锆喷雾造粒浆料的影响。方法：选取浆料固含量（30wt％、40wt％、50wt％）,PVA加入量（1wt％、2wt％、3wt％）,球磨时间（8h、16h、24h）作为氧化锆材料制备浆料的生产条件,以浆料的平均粘度和沉降度为评价指标。采用三因素三水平正交实验设计,优选出制备氧化锆浆料的最佳工艺组合。结果：优选出的最佳工艺组合结果为浆料固含量为50wt％,PVA加入量为3wt％,球磨时间为24h。结论：通过最佳工艺得到了高固含量、低粘度、稳定性好、着色剂分散均匀的氧化锆喷雾造粒浆料。     

Hardening Slurries with Fluidized-Bed Combustion By-Products and Their Potential Significance in Terms of Circular Economy

Hardening slurries (water-bentonite-binder mixtures) constitute a well-established material used broadly, i.a., for cut-off walls in civil and water engineering. Although they usually contain Portland cement, similar to common concrete, their properties differ greatly, mostly due to a much higher water content. This characteristic of hardening slurries creates unique opportunities for the utilization of significant quantities of industrial by-products that are deemed problematic in the concrete industry. This article investigates the effect of the addition of by-products of fluidized-bed combustion of hard, brown coal and municipal sewage sludge, as well as ground granulated blast furnace slag, on the properties of slurries. Unconfined compressive strength tests, as well as mercury porosimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction analyses were performed. The results suggest that it is possible to design hardening slurry mixes of desired properties, both in liquid and solid state, containing at least 100–300 kg/m³ of industrial waste. This includes cement-free slurries based entirely on industrial by-products as binders. In addition, the analyzed slurries exhibited good chemical resistance to landfill eluates, at the same time effectively immobilizing heavy metals. It was concluded that hardening slurry technology can ensure the safe deposition of significant amounts of waste that would be otherwise difficult to manage, thus contributing to the circular economy concept.     

料浆法磷铵用中品位开阳磷矿的实验室评价实验

介绍开阳中品位磷矿采用“料浆浓缩”工艺制取磷酸一铵的评价实验,对湿法磷酸工艺、磷酸氧化、磷铵料浆浓缩和干燥等过程进行了研究,测定了有关的物性数据和技术经济指标,为我国中品位磷矿采用料浆浓缩法制磷酸一铵工艺提供参考数据.     

A simple quantitative FT-IR approach for the study of a polymorphic transformation under crystallization slurry conditions

The pharmaceutical compound (2R,3S)-2-({(1R)-1-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl}oxy)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)morpholine hydrochloride (denoted here as Compound X), has been found to crystallize in at least two polymorphic forms. Using only two frequencies (1009 and 1058 cm⁻¹) in the infrared, a linear (R=0.998) calibration plot, consisting of the ratio of the peak absorbances plotted against polymorph concentration, was constructed. This plot allowed the quantification of binary mixtures of polymorphs ranging from <3 to 100 wt% Form II in Form I. Spectra were acquired in transmission mode using mineral oil (Nujol) mull sample preparation, for reasons of compatibility with wet cake and slurry samples. The transformation of the less thermodynamically stable polymorph (Form II) to the more stable form (Form I), in stirred methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) slurries, was monitored spectroscopically as a function of time. Performing the experiment at various temperatures allowed the energy of activation for the process to be estimated (42 kJ/mol).     

热溶预处理油煤浆的粘度变化

将神华煤与循环油混合油煤浆经不同热溶温度预处理后,研究了油煤浆粘度的变化情况及原因.研究发现:与未经热溶处理的油煤浆相比,经热溶处理的其粘度有所增大.在同一热溶温度处理后的油煤浆在测粘过程中,粘度随测量温度的升高而减小,并没有出现粘度峰,粘度(η)与测量温度(tM)的关系为η=Aexp[Eη/8.314 5×(273 tM)].而在同一测粘温度下,经不同热溶温度处理的油煤浆粘度变化情况却截然不同:在神华煤发生热分解反应之前(＜320℃),η基本上随热溶温度(tT)的升高呈直线增加,η=B ktT;在开始发生热解反应以后(＞320℃),粘度在370℃时出现了峰值,η=η0 2a/πw/4(tT-tηmax)2 w2.     

安普贴膏剂与安普贴联合治疗Ⅲ、Ⅳ期褥疮的效果评价

目的探讨安普贴膏剂与安普贴联合治疗Ⅲ、Ⅳ期褥疮的疗效。方法治疗组15例共31处褥疮,用生理盐水清洗创面后,5%碘伏消毒创面及边缘,安普贴膏剂薄敷在创面上,安普贴封闭褥疮面至边缘2~3cm,直到创口愈合修复;对照组10例共21处褥疮,采用碘伏加TDP灯照射治疗,观察2组疗效和愈合率。结果治疗组治疗2个月Ⅲ期褥疮愈合率为91.67%,Ⅳ期褥疮愈合率为57.14%,总有效率78.79%;对照组治疗2个月Ⅲ期褥疮愈合率为53.33%,Ⅳ期褥疮愈合率为33.33%,总有效率47.62%。结论安普贴膏剂与安普贴联合治疗Ⅲ、Ⅳ期褥疮疗效优于碘伏。     

当归花椒蜜浆口服液制备工艺研究

目的:优选当归花椒蜜浆口服液的提取工艺.方法:以当归浸膏出产率和当归中的主要成分阿魏酸含量为考察指标,采用正交试验设计L9(34),考察乙醇用量、提取次数、时间、方法等对提取效果的影响.结果:以70%乙醇为溶剂渗漉提取2次,第1次加800ml,第2次加700ml,2次各浸48h为最佳提取工艺.结论:优化的提取工艺简单易...