坐骨重叠征与发育性髋关节脱位手术后再脱位的相关性分析

目的提出坐骨重叠征(ischium overlap sign,IOS)的概念,并分析其与发育性髋关节脱位(developmental dysplasia of the hip,DDH)手术后再脱位的关系。方法回顾性分析2013年9月至2017年5月山东大学附属省立医院治疗的88例(105髋)DDH患儿病例资料,其中男童16例、女童72例;平均年龄12(5~24)个月,平均随访时间34(15~59)个月;双侧17例,左侧63髋,右侧42髋;1髋为髋臼发育不良,11髋半脱位,93髋全脱位。术中行髋关节造影检查,按照Bowen标准选择闭合或切开复位石膏固定术。IOS是指在人类位髋关节造影平片上股骨头软骨内缘与坐骨外缘的重叠关系,二者重叠为Ⅰ度,相接为Ⅱ度,分离为Ⅲ度。将93髋全脱位按照IOS分度进行分组,比较组间再脱位发生率。结果 1髋髋臼发育不良和11髋半脱位者IOS均为Ⅰ度。93髋全脱位中IOSⅠ度14髋,Ⅱ度39髋,此两组均行闭合复位石膏固定,无再脱位病例;Ⅲ度40髋中,闭合复位石膏固定17髋,6髋再脱位;切开复位石膏固定23髋,1髋再脱位。本研究发现Ⅲ度组的再脱位发生率(7/40,17.5%)高于其他两组(P=0.006)。IOS为Ⅲ度的40髋中,闭合复位的再脱位发生率(6/17,35.3%)高于切开复位(1/23,4.4%),差异有统计学意义(X^2=4.518,P=0.034)。结论 IOS与DDH术后再脱位有一定的关系,IOS为Ⅲ度的髋关节如行闭合复位,再脱位的风险较高。     

Case report: bilateral ischial stress fractures in an elite tennis player

A case report of bilateral ischial stress fractures in an elite tennis player initially mimicking hamstring pathology is described. This is an unusual site of stress fracture. Typical sites of stress fracture are well documented; however, awareness of less common sites of stress-related bone injury can aid early diagnosis and treatment before overt fracture occurs.     

Trunk Function and Ischial Pressure Offloading in Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury

Objective: To determine if there is a relationship between trunk function and offloading of the ischial tuberosities in individuals with Spinal Cord Injury (SCI).

Design: Prospective cross-sectional evaluation.

Setting: Sub-acute rehabilitation hospital.

Participants: Fifteen non-ambulatory participants with complete or incomplete traumatic and non-traumatic SCI, American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS), Classification A-D.

Outcome Measures: Isometric trunk strength using a hand held dynamometer, the ability to reach using the multidirectional reach test and offloading times of the ischial tuberosities using a customized pressure mat.

Results: Participants who were able to engage in the multidirectional reach test were defined as “Reachers”, whereas individuals who were unable to engage in the multidirectional reach test were defined as “Non-Reachers”. Trunk strength was significantly higher in Reachers compared with Non-Reachers (P < 0.05). Offloading times over the left and right ischial tuberosities were lower in Non-Reachers when compared with Reachers, however the results were statistically significant only for offloading over the right ischial tuberosity (P < 0.05). There was no correlation between trunk strength and pressure offloading times for both groups.

Conclusions: Regardless of an individual's ability to engage in a reaching task, participants with spinal cord injury spent more time offloading the left ischial tuberosity compared with the right ischial tuberosity. The study highlights the need to identify factors that may contribute to offloading behavior in individuals with spinal cord injury who lack sufficient trunk strength.     

False positive 18F-FDG PET in an ischial chondroblastoma; an analysis of glucose transporter 1 and hexokinase II expression

We report a rare case of chondroblastoma arising from the ischium which showed an increased ¹⁸F-FDG uptake. Chondroblastoma is an uncommon lesion and usually involves the epiphysis of long bones. However, in this case, the tumor appeared as a well-defined osteolytic lesion in the ischium on radiographs. MR imaging demonstrated two components in the tumor: a solid one and a multilobular cystic component. ¹⁸F-FDG PET imaging revealed an increased uptake in the ischium. The ¹⁸F-FDG uptake resembled the results observed in malignant bone tumors. A histological diagnosis of chondroblastoma was obtained from tissue of an open biopsy. An immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated weak expression of both Glut-1 and HK-II. These findings suggest that Glut-1 and HK-II expression are not strongly related to FDG uptake in chondroblastoma.     

Impingement of lesser trochanter on ischium as a potential cause for hip pain

The bony anatomy of the hip leads to a limited array of impingement syndromes, more frequently resulting from abnormal contact between the femoral neck and acetabulum. We report an unusual case of osseous impingement between the lesser trochanter and ischium, with involvement of the intervening quadratus femoris muscle. While the prevalence and etiology of this finding is unclear, it may represent a cause for hip pain.     

Amelia,hypoplasia of iliac bone,and absence of ischium and ramus pubis in the VATER association

A 1-day-old female presented with hypoplasia of the iliac bone and absence of the ischium and ramus pubis in the VATER association. To our knowledge, these skeletal anomalies have not been previously reported with the VATER association. Offprint requests to: M. Pul     

坐骨结节压力性损伤的分型及修复策略

目的分析归纳坐骨结节压力性损伤临床分型,总结各型的修复方法,探讨其修复重建效果,为坐骨结节压力性损伤的修复提供新治疗方案。 方法2013年1月至2018年1月,解放军总医院第四医学中心烧伤整形暨创面修复中心共收治坐骨结节压力性损伤患者92例,共109个创面,其中手术修复86例,共101个创面,其中男49例,女37例,年龄31～79岁,根据2016版国际压疮指南分期术语修订版将其分为Ⅲ类创面68个,Ⅳ类创面33个,创口面积1 cm×9 cm～11 cm×16 cm,深度1～6 cm,创基面积2 cm×8 cm～8 cm×14 cm,深部腔隙容积(盐水测定法)3～60 mL;根据彻底清创后组织缺损程度,分为4型,每种分型按相对应的方案修复：Ⅰ型采用直接清创缝合,Ⅱ型采用臀下动脉穿支皮瓣局部转移修复,Ⅲ型采用股薄肌肌瓣或臀大肌肌瓣填充修复,Ⅳ型采用股薄肌肌瓣或臀大肌肌瓣合并臀下动脉穿支皮瓣修复。术后观察愈合效果及随访情况。 结果本组86例患者101个创面中,Ⅰ型创面36个,一期愈合32个创面,翻修4个创面二期愈合;Ⅱ型创面29个,一期愈合23个创面,翻修6个,二期愈合4个;Ⅲ型创面30个,一期愈合28个创面,翻修2个创面二期愈合;Ⅳ型创面6个,一期愈合4个创面,翻修1个创面二期愈合。71例获得6～12个月随访,平均随访7.2个月,复发11例,新发6例。 结论坐骨结节部位特殊,发生压力性损伤后修复比较棘手,根据临床病例的总结归纳,将其分为4型,对不同分型创面选择合适的方案进行修复,可得到满意的修复效果,避免复发。     

Tuberculosis of ischial tuberosity as a rare cause of gluteal pain: A case series of 9 patients with review of literature

BackgroundOsteo-articular Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of the ischial tuberosity is a rare cause of gluteal pain.MethodsA retrospective clinico-radiological review of nine patients with Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of the ischial tuberosity was undertaken. The spectrum of presenting features, diagnostic challenges, radiological findings with particular emphasis on Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinical course was reviewed.ResultsAll the 9 patients (5 male: 4 female) aged between 8 and 50 years of age (mean 15.3 years) developed insidious onset of buttock pain over a period of weeks to months with difficulty in walking. Microbiological and/or histopathological confirmation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection was undertaken in all cases. Complementary MRI revealed diffuse bone marrow signal hypointense or isointense on T1-weighted and hyperintense on T2-weighted and STIR images. MRI was able to provide anatomic details of soft tissue lesions and extensions. MRI illustrated the sinus tract in one patient. Ultrasound imaging allowed diagnostic and therapeutic management of in 3 patients.ConclusionTuberculosis of ischial tuberosity can be a rare cause of gluteal pain. Delay in diagnosis could be due to an indolent natural history, unusual presentation and clinical features. A high index of suspicion especially in endemic areas with complementary imaging and microbiological or histopathological confirmation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is necessary for definitive diagnosis. Targeted treatment under the umbrella of Anti-Tubercular Therapy is crucial in achieving successful clinical outcome.     

关节镜手术治疗坐骨结节囊肿前瞻性病例对照研究

目的 :比较传统切开手术与关节镜技术在治疗坐骨结节囊肿中的临床应用。方法 :自2014年5月至2016年9月对49例坐骨结节囊肿患者采用信封法分为关节镜组和传统切开组。关节镜组24例,男16例,女8例,年龄42~81(64.1±9.3)岁,病程2~36(17.0±9.1)个月,在囊肿周围建立人工腔隙,关节镜下刨削清理囊肿壁。传统切开组25例,男11例,女14例,年龄47~79(61.2±10.6)岁,病程4~36(17.5±8.5)个月,分别于术后1 d、1周、1个月时采用肿块表面横行切口,分离切除肿块。比较两组患者手术时间、术后引流量、术后住院天数、术后并发症,并采用疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)进行疼痛评价。结果:49例患者均获得随访,时间6~18(11.3±3.3)个月。传统切开组2例出现术后切口感染,1例术后复发,关节镜组均Ⅰ期愈合;关节镜组手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、住院天数分别为(54.7±7.7)min、(20.8±3.5)ml、(20.3±5.6)ml、(2.8±0.6)d,均明显优于传统切开组的(71.8±8.8)min、(67.3±12.0)ml、(103.6±20.3)ml、(7.8±2.9)d。关节镜组术后1 d、1周、1个月VAS评分为(2.6±0.7、0.5±0.6、0.3±0.5)显著低于传统切开组的(6.0±0.7、3.0±1.0、1.1±1.0),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者术后并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:与传统切开手术相比,关节镜治疗坐骨结节囊肿具有创伤小、围手术期出血量少、术后疼痛程度轻、安全性高以及恢复快等特点,但要求术者有关节镜手术经验,值得在临床实践中推广使用。