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IntroductionPercutaneous anterior-posterior (AP) screw is an option for posterior malleolus fracture fixation when the fracture fragment can be reduced indirectly by the mean of ligamentotaxis. However, anterior anatomic structures could be injured during screw placement.Materials and methodsEleven below-knee cadavers were employed for the placement of AP screws in an attempt of fixing assumed Haraguchi Type-I posterior malleolar fractures. Three entry points were selected as medial to the anterior tibial tendon (ATT), lateral to the ATT, and lateral to the extensor digitorum longus (EDL). Three AP screws were placed under guidance of fluoroscopy. After dissection, measurements were made (mm) from each screw to nearby structures. Distances were calculated and damage to structures was documented.ResultsMean, minimum, and maximum distances from the medial screw to the greater saphenous vein, TA, EHL, anterior tibial artery (ATA), and deep peroneal nerve (DPN), were 18.1 (12–25) mm, 2.0 (0–5) mm, 13.6 (9–20) mm, 16.6 (9–25) mm, and 20.1 (12–27) mm. From the middle screw to the ATA, DPN, TA, EHL, and EDL, were 1.2 (0–3) mm, 4.9 (3–9) mm, 3.8 (1–7) mm, 0.4 (0–2) mm, and 13.6 (10–18) mm. From the lateral screw to the superficial peroneal nerve (SPN), EDL, DPN, and ATA, were 10.8 (0–16) mm, 1.2 (0–4) mm, 15.9 (11–25) mm, 19 (15–27) mm. The SPN was found partially cut by the lateral screw on 1 specimen.ConclusionsLateral and middle percutaneous AP screw placement put certain anatomic structures at-risk of injury. Medial screw placement did not result in appreciable damage to adjacent structures. Entry point of AP screws should be selected with respect to posterior malleolar fracture and anatomic structures.Level of evidenceIV.  相似文献   
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严重下颈椎骨折脱位的术式选择与疗效分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的探讨治疗严重下颈椎骨折脱位的术式选择和手术疗效。方法 2004年9月~2010年7月笔者对83例严重下颈椎骨折脱位患者应用前路、后路和一期后-前路或是前-后-前联合入路(后路撬拨复位、植骨融合内固定术+前路颈椎损伤节段椎间盘切除或椎体次全切+钛板(钛网)植骨融合内固定术)治疗。术后对比评估的方法,使用测量Cobb角、椎体水平移位和Frankel评分表评价脊髓功能恢复与脊柱损伤重建稳定性等情况。结果 80例患者获得有效随访,在手术参数、术后力学参数方面对其进行比较,联合入路组手术时间和出血量均较单纯前路或后路组长,神经学方面,7例术前Frankel分级A级无恢复外,其余患者均有不同程度恢复,脊髓功能平均提高1.1级。术后4~6个月摄片融合节段均获得骨性融合。结论应用一期联合手术入路在复杂下颈椎骨折脱位方面较单纯前路或后路手术具备更宽的适证,需要掌握严格手术指征和根据病情制订个性化治疗方案。  相似文献   
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目的 探讨一期前后联合入路全脊椎切除并脊柱稳定性重建治疗胸椎骨巨细胞瘤的疗效.方法 回顾性分析本院自2001年3月至2007年6月采用一期前后联合入路全脊椎切除及脊柱稳定性重建治疗9例胸椎骨巨细胞瘤患者.结果 术中无死亡病例,无脊髓医源性损伤等并发症发生.所有患者术后获20-52个月(平均29.6个月)随访,术后患者背部疼痛及放射性疼痛基本缓解,8例有神经压迫症状的患者均有不同程度改善.1例患者术后6个月复发,给予放射治疗.影像学复查内固定物固定良好,无脊柱失稳及假关节发生.结论 一期前后联合入路全脊椎切除及脊柱稳定性重建治疗胸椎骨巨细胞瘤可以根治性切除肿瘤,降低肿瘤局部复发的危险,是一种可行且有效的外科治疗技术.  相似文献   
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目的:探讨单纯前后位透视下经皮椎弓根穿刺置钉的可行性与安全性.方法:2011年10月~2013年6月,共有40例腰椎退变性疾病患者接受单节段经皮椎弓根钉棒内同定、椎体间融合术(MIS-TLIF),其中采用单纯前后位透视下经皮椎弓根穿刺置钉的患者20例(观察组),采用正、侧位透视下经皮椎弓根穿刺置钉的患者20例(对照组).术前在CT横断面影像上测量患者L1~S1椎体的双侧椎弓根长度,并取其算术平均值作为穿刺深度的参考.比较两组患者手术的椎弓根穿刺时间和穿刺过程中的射线暴露时间、面积剂量乘积、皮肤入射剂量及手术并发症,术后复查超薄螺旋CT明确椎弓根穿刺置钉的准确性.结果:L1~S1椎体椎弓根的平均长度分别为19.7±0.6mm、19.6±0.6mm、19.0±0.8mm、18.8±0.8mm、18.4±0.8mm和16.3±1.3mm.40例患者均安全接受手术,共置人160枚椎弓根螺钉,无与穿刺相关的神经、血管并发症,观察组患者椎弓根穿刺时间和穿刺过程中的射线暴露时间、面积剂量乘积及皮肤入射剂量均少于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).术后复查超薄螺旋CT可见观察组1例、对照组2例出现椎弓根皮质的1级穿透,两组椎弓根置钉准确率无统计学差异(P>0.05).结论:单纯前后位透视下经皮椎弓根穿刺术安全、操作简单、射线辐射量少,是一种较理想的微创经椎弓根穿刺置钉方法.  相似文献   
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目的 评估直肠前后径对肛门直肠畸形的诊断价值.方法 149例肛门直肠畸形胎儿分为5组:单纯肛门闭锁组、合并其他系统畸形且不伴瘘的肛门闭锁组、合并直肠泌尿道瘘组、合并其他瘘组和尿直肠隔畸形序列征组.正常组为654例产前超声检查无异常胎儿.回顾性分析所有胎儿直肠声像图特征,测量直肠前后径.结果 仅合并直肠泌尿道瘘的肛门闭锁组和尿直肠隔畸形序列征组胎儿产前超声显示直肠扩张,伴肠石症.得出正常胎儿不同孕周直肠前后径的参考值,相关分析发现正常胎儿直肠前后径与孕周呈正相关(P<0.01),其直线回归方程为直肠前后径=-1.187+0.064×胎龄.比较正常组,单纯肛门闭锁组、合并其他瘘组及合并其他系统畸形且不伴瘘的肛门闭锁组胎儿直肠前后径无差异(P>0.05);合并直肠泌尿道瘘的肛门闭锁组及尿直肠隔畸形序列组胎儿直肠前后径有显著差异(P<0.01).结论 超声测量直肠前后径有助于发现病理性直肠扩张,病理性直肠扩张对于合并直肠泌尿道瘘的肛门闭锁和尿直肠隔畸形序列征具有较高的诊断价值.  相似文献   
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Background

Postural control impairment is a key target for rehabilitation of older adults with high fall risk.

Objective

To investigate whether anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (a-tDCS) over primary motor cortex (M1) or cerebellum can enhance the positive effects of postural training on balance and postural stability in older adults with high fall risk.

Method

In this randomised, double-blinded sham-controlled study, 65 participants were randomly assigned into five groups; M1 a-tDCS with postural training, bilateral cerebellar a-tDCS with postural training, sham a-tDCS with postural training, postural training alone and cerebellar a-tDCS alone. Participants in the first two a-tDCS groups received 2?mA stimulation for 20?min concurrently with postural training. Postural training was conducted for three sessions of 20?min per week for two weeks. The Berg Balance Score (BBS) and the stability indices at both static and dynamic levels of the Biodex Balance System were evaluated before and after intervention. A general linear model repeated measure ANOVA was used to assess the effects of variables among groups.

Result

Simultaneous postural training with M1 or bilateral cerebellar a-tDCS significantly improved postural stability indices (p?<?0.05) and BBS scores (p?<?0.05). Besides, the effects of bilateral cerebellar a-tDCS were significantly higher than that of M1 stimulation on these indices (p?<?0.05). Moreover, two weeks postural training alone or cerebellar a-tDCS alone is not an adequate intervention to improve the postural stability indices (p?>?0.05).

Conclusion

Postural training with M1 or bilateral cerebellar a-tDCS, especially bilateral cerebellar a-tDCS, can significantly improve postural control or balance in older adults with high fall risk, while two weeks of postural training alone or two weeks cerebellar a-tDCS alone is not a sufficient intervention.  相似文献   
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目的:评价温针灸天枢、大肠俞为主配合中成药治疗肝郁脾虚型肠易激综合征的临床疗效和患者的生存质量。方法:将符合纳入标准的60例患者,按单盲法随机分入治疗组或对照组。治疗组以温针灸天枢、大肠俞为主,同时配合中成药治疗,对照组仅给予相同的中成药治疗。结果:治疗后两组疗效比较,差异无统计学意义,患者主要症状均较治疗前有显著改善(P〈0.01);治疗2星期后,治疗组在腹痛程度与频度、腹胀、心烦失眠、焦虑多疑、大便溏而不爽改善方面优于对照组(P〈0.01,P〈0.05)。在患者生存质量方面,两组较治疗前均有改善(P〈0.01)。结论:两种治疗方案均能较好地改善临床症状和提高患者生存质量,治疗组总有效率略高于对照组,并能较快地改善多数主要症状。  相似文献   
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