糖尿病围术期心血管事件相关因素分析及hs-CRP对其预测准确性的临床价值

目的 分析糖尿病围术期心血管事件(PCE)的相关因素,并探讨超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平预测糖尿病围术期心血管事件准确性的临床价值.方法 选取我院内分泌科2012年2月至2014年2月间择期行非心脏手术的糖尿病患者共380例,根据血浆hs-CRP水平将患者分为低浓度组(hs-CRP<1.1 mg/L)47例、中浓度组(hs-CRP 1.1~3.8 mg/L)62例和高浓度组(hs-CRP 3.8~10.0 mg/L)271例.将与PCE发生可能相关的术前因素应用Logistic逐步回归分析,并采用准确性检验(ROC曲线)分析危险因素预测围术期PCE发生的准确性.结果 低浓度组患者PCE的发生率为0.中浓度组患者中,严重心律失常8例,发生率为12.9%;心肌缺血12例,发生率为19.4%.高浓度组患者中,严重心律失常22例,发生率为8.11%;心肌缺血68例,发生率为25.1%,严重心率失常合并心肌缺血10例,发生率为3.7%.Logistic逐步回归分析结果显示,心力衰竭分级、年龄、糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)水平、超声心动图、hs-CRP是糖尿病患者围术期PCE发生的危险因素(P<0.05);心力衰竭分级、HbAlc水平、超声心动图和hs-CRP的围术期PCE的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.386、0.360、0.732、0.827.结论 糖尿病患者PCE主要相关因素为hs-CRP、HbAlc水平、心力衰竭分级、超声心动图,hs-CRP预测PCE的发生率具有一定的准确性.     

Evaluation of the protective effects of quercetin in the hepatopulmonary syndrome.

The hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) occurs when intrapulmonary dilatation causes hypoxemia in cirrhosis. The free radicals may play a significant contributory role in the progression of HPS, and flavonoid agents could protect against deleterious effects of free radicals. The flavonoid quercetin was evaluated in an experimental model of biliary cirrhosis induced by bile duct ligation (BDL) in rats. Quercetin was administered at 50mg/kg for 14 days to cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic rats. Bone marrow was extracted from animals to analyze micronuclei. Lung, liver and blood were extracted to detect DNA damage using the comet assay. The results showed that the micronuclei and DNA damages to lung and liver were increased in BDL rats. Quercetin caused no damage to the DNA while decreasing the occurrence of micronucleated cells in bone marrow as well as DNA damage to lung and liver in cirrhotic rats. Quercetin showed antimutagenic activity against hydroperoxides as evaluated by the oxidative stress sensitive bacterial strains TA102 Salmonella typhimurium and IC203 Escherichia coli, suggesting protection by free radical scavenging. In Saccharomyces cerevisie yeast strains lacking mitochondrial or cytosolic superoxide dismutase, these results indicate that quercetin protects cells by induction of antioxidant enzymes. The present study is the first report of genotoxic/antigenotoxic effects of quercetin in a model of animal cirrhosis. In this model, quercetin was not able to induce genotoxicity and, conversely, it increased the genomic stability in the cirrhotic rats, suggesting beneficial effects, probably by its antioxidant properties.     

Postjunctional α2-adrenoceptors in blood vessels of human nasal mucosa

Summary Human nasal mucosa has various types of blood vessels and is a good tissue for demonstrating receptors for many vasoactive substances, including -adrenoceptors. In contrast to the large contractile response induced by ₂-agonists, our studies have shown that ₂-agonists produce a small maximal contraction. This ₂-induced response was easily blocked by ₁-antagonists, indicating that it is evoked, at least partially, by the stimulation of ₁-adrenoceptors. Noradrenaline (NA)-induced contractions could not be abolished by either ₁- or ₂-antagonists alone, but were almost completely blocked by the combination of both antagonists. This suggests the presence of postjunctional ₂-adrenoceptors. The low-maximal responsiveness to ₂-agonists and calcium independency of NA-induced contractions were distinct from our former results obtained on canine nasal specimens.     

Anaerobic Degradation of Tetrachloroethylene Using Different Co-substrates as Electron Donors

Objective To investigate the biodegradation of tetrachloroethylene （PCE） by acclimated anaerobic sludge using different co-substrates, i.e., glucose, acetate, and lactate as electron donors. Methods HP-6890 gas chromatograph （GC） in combination with auto-sampler was used to analyze the concentration of PCE and its intermediates, Results PCE could be degraded by reductive dechlorlnation and the degradation reaction conformed to the first-order kinetic equation. The rate constants are klaetate〉kglucose〉kacetate. The PCE degradation rate was the highest in the presence of lactate as an electron donor. Conclusion Lactate is the most suitable electron donor for PCE degradation and the electron donors supplied by co-metabolic substrates are not the limiting factors for PCE degradation,     

Effects of organic solvents on motor activity in mice

Groups of male mice were exposed via inhalation to methylene chloride, perchloroethylene, toluene, trichloroethylene or 1,1,1-trichloroethane. The exposures were started at 2300 h. Generation of vapor was stopped after 1 h. Motor activity of the animals during the exposures was measured with a Doppler radar. Several concentrations of each solvent were tested. Concentrations could be found for all solvents at which they initially increased the motor activity. When the generation of vapor was terminated and the concentration started to decline, a new phase of changes in motor activity was induced. At this phase, motor activity was in most cases influence in the opposite direction to that at the beginning of the exposure. Trichloroethylene concentrations could be found which gave no increase in activity at the start of exposure but a prominent decrease at termination. The lowest concentration at which effects could be seen was different for the different solvents. Perchloroethylene was more and 1,1,1-trichloroethane less potent than the other solvents in inducing motor activity. The time pattern of the motor activity alterations was specific for each solvent. Both the concentration and the rate of the concentration increase were responsible for the effects on motor activity. The differences between the solvents probably reflect differences in their site of action, their distribution and their biotransformation.     

Safety evaluation of Lactobacillus pentosus strain b240

Lactobacillus pentosus has a long history of use in cooked and uncooked fermented foods. Viable and heat-killed nonviable preparations of L. pentosus strain b240 were evaluated for short term and subchronic toxicity and genotoxic potential. Dose levels were determined through acute oral toxicity tests with viable (LD₅₀ > 2500 mg/kg) and nonviable (LD₅₀ > 2000 mg/kg) b240. In the short term study, rats received 2500 mg/kg/day (∼1.7 × 10¹¹ cfu/kg/day) viable b240 for 28 days. In the subchronic study, rats received 500, 1000 or 2000 mg/kg/day (up to ∼3.0 × 10¹² cfu equivalents/kg/day) nonviable b240 for 91 days followed by a 28-day recovery. No mortalities occurred. No treatment-related effects were identified for general condition, body weight, food-water consumption, ophthalmology, urinalysis, hematology, blood chemistry, organ weights, histopathology and gross pathology. Although statistically significant effects were noted for several endpoints in the short term and subchronic studies, none were related to the test materials. The NOAEL for nonviable b240 was 2000 mg/kg/day, the highest dose tested. Additionally, nonviable b240 (?5000 μg/plate) was not mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium or Escherichia coli tester strains nor did nonviable b240 orally administered to rats at levels ? 2000 mg/kg/day for two days, induce a clastogenic response.     

Subchronic toxicity and mutagenicity/genotoxicity studies of Irvingia gabonensis extract (IGOB131)

African Bush Mango from Irvingia gabonensis is a West African culinary fruit and the mucilage from this fruit seed is used to make traditional soups and sauces. Extract from the kernel (IGOB131) has been claimed for its health benefits. In the present investigations, potential adverse effects, if any, of IGOB131 were investigated in dose–response 90-day study and genotoxicity studies. In the subchronic study, Sprague Dawley rats (20/sex/group) were gavaged with I. gabonensis extract (IGOB131) at dose levels of 0, 100, 1000 and 2500 mg/kg body weight (bw)/day for 90-days. No treatment-related changes in clinical signs, functional observations, mortality, ophthalmologic observations, body weights, body weight gain or feed consumption were noted. Similarly, hematological, clinical chemistry, urine analysis parameters, and organ weights did not reveal any toxicologically significant treatment-related changes. No treatment-related macroscopic and microscopic abnormalities were noted at the end of treatment period. The mutagenicity as evaluated by Ames assay, in vitro and in vivo chromosomal aberration test and in vivo micronucleus assay did not reveal any genotoxicity of IGOB131. The results of subchronic toxicity study suggest the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for I. gabonensis extract (IGOB131) as ?2500 mg/kg bw/day, the highest dose tested.     

Lack of cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of Minthostachys verticillata essential oil: Studies in vitro and in vivo

Minthostachys verticillata (peperina) is an aromatic and medicinal plant with several uses and ethnobotanical properties. Numerous studies have demonstrated that its essential oil (Mv-EO) presents antimicrobial capacity and shows immunomodulating and anti-allergic properties in human cell lines. Thus, the goal of this study was to investigate the main chemical composition, analyzed by GC–FID, and the cyto-genotoxic effects of Mv-EO, using Vero cells, human PBMCs and mice bone marrow cells. The Mv-EO was rich in pulegone 60.5% and menthone 18.2%. Our results clearly show that Mv-EO is not cyto-genotoxic in vitro nor in vivo. It not induced cytotoxic effects, as indicated by trypan blue dye exclusion and NRU assays both in Vero cells and human PBMCs. In addition, Mv-EO (100–1000 μg/mL) not induced apoptotic effects on human PBMCs, as indicated by Hoechst staining and DNA fragmentation analysis by agarose gel electrophoresis. The in vivo assay showed that Mv-EO (25–500 mg/kg) not increased the frequency of micronucleus in bone marrow cells of mice. Further, the ratio of polychromatic/normochromatic erythrocytes was not modified. These findings suggest that Mv-EO appears to be safe as a therapeutic agent.