河南省杞县60 Co卡源事件居民认知研究

目的 了解2009年6月河南省杞县利民辐照厂60Co卡源事件后,当地居民对核与辐射的知晓程度和对核能的接受性、对当地政府处理卡源事件的评价,以及对事件原因的分析.方法 2010年3月至4月,在杞县利民辐照厂10 km范围内,抽取5个乡镇的23个自然村和2所学校;在未受事件影响的135 km以外的辉县,选取3个乡镇的3个自然村和2所学校作为对照人群.对18岁以上的一般公众,意见代表(医生、教师、行政人员、官员、私营企业业主等)和学生(初三及高一),进行人户问卷调查.结果 本调查收回有效调查问卷1340份.两地居民对核与辐射的知晓程度都较低,杞县居民对核与辐射的知晓程度高于辉县.学生对核与辐射知识的知晓程度最高,意见代表次之,一般公众最低.男性、受教育程度较高者对核与辐射的知晓程度较高.40.0%以上的被调查者认为我国应当增加建设核电站,但仅一小部分被调查者支持在当地建设核电站,学生、受教育程度较高者更反对当地建设核电站.60%以上的一般公众和63.2%的意见代表"非常相信"或"比较相信"当地政府在"Co卡源事件中对他们的劝解.超过80%的受访者对当地政府在处理60Co卡源事件的能力持负面态度.与对政府官员的信任度评价相同,学生对当地政府的评价最低,意见代表次之,对政府的评价最高的为一般公众.60Co卡源事件导致大规模居民离家避险的主要原因有:谣言泛滥占67.2%、缺乏辐射知识占61.9%、随众效应占59.2%,以及政府未及时向群众公布事件真相占42.3%.结论 公众对核与辐射的了解较少.公众对当地政府的信任度比较高.但是对政府在处理60Co卡源事件中的表现不是很满意.学生的负面评价值得关注.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate radiation risk perception and nuclear acceptance after the 60Co stuck source incident in June 2009 in Qixian County,Henan Province.Methods From March to April 2010,23 hamlets and 2 schools from 5 towns in Qixian County were selected,while 3 hamlets and 2 schools from 3 towns were used as control in Huixian County,1 35 km away where no any impact of the incident was found.Face-to-face questionnaire survey was conducted among three groups including mass public,elite public(representatives of public opinion,such as physicians,teachers,govemmental officials,administrative personnel,private entrepreneurs),and middie school students(the third grade students in junior middle schools and the first grade students in senior middle schools).Results A total of 1 340 valid questionnaires were collected.The public knowledge levels about radiation and nuclear power were low among all groups in two areas and public knowledge levels in Qixian County were higher than those in Huixian County.In both areas.the knowledge levels of the students were higher tIIan those among the elite public,and that among the general public were the lowest.The knowledge levels of males and those with higher educational levels were higher than those of females and those with lower educational levels.More than 40.0% of the respondents supported the idea to build nuclear power plants in China.but only a small part of them supported to build nuclear power plants in their own areas.The percentages of opponents against local nuclear power plant construction were especially higher among the students and those with higher educational levels.More than 60% of the mass public and elite public believed the explanation of the government.More than 80% of the respondents held negative attitudes towards the performance of the Qixian County Government in dealing with this incident.The student gave the lowest evaluation of the credibility and the specific performance of the local government,whereas the elite public placed themselves between the students and the mass public.The reasons why the local people left their homes to evade risk included rumors(67.2%),lack of radiation knowledge(61.9%),group psychology(59.2%),and failure of the government to inform the truth to the public in time(42.3%).Conclusions The public still fails to know enough about radiation and nuclear power.Although they trust the government,they are dissatisfied with the performance of the local government in dealing with the incident.The negative evaluation of the students is worth concerning.     

The extent of people's response to rumors and false news in light of the crisis of the Corona virus

BackgroundWith the spread of the Corona virus globally, the negative effects increased at all levels, especially the economic and social sectors. The situation was made worse by the spread of rumors and false information about what this virus is and ways to prevent it.ObjectiveTest how people interact with different information circulating through social media and online platforms.MethodsThe DATA was taken from a survey conducted in 2020 on 1500 quarantined people between the ages 18-60 years old. A questionnaire was created containing most of the rumors and false information circulated, in addition to the correct information with a reliable source. The results were analyzed in the form of tables showing the proportions of supporters and opponents and expressed in numbers and percentages.ResultsA total of 2000 quarantined people participated in the study with the mean age (30.35 ± 9.9 years). Where the response rate is 100%. The analysis showed a large percentage of support for health protections against the Corona virus, and a large rejection of most of the fake information and rumors circulating across the Internet platforms, in addition to their solidarity within the principles of social responsibility.ConclusionThe extent of the spread of rumors and false information is decreasing based on the presence of governments and the competent authorities through their official platforms within the mechanism of fighting against the Corona virus, and also taking advantage of the current mistakes to be a shield in the future in dealing with such crises.