Recent advances in lipid nanoparticles for delivery of nucleic acid,mRNA, and gene editing-based therapeutics

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are becoming popular as a means of delivering therapeutics, including those based on nucleic acids and mRNA. The mRNA-based coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines are perfect examples to highlight the role played by drug delivery systems in advancing human health. The fundamentals of LNPs for the delivery of nucleic acid- and mRNA-based therapeutics, are well established. Thus, future research on LNPs will focus on addressing the following: expanding the scope of drug delivery to different constituents of the human body, expanding the number of diseases that can be targeted, and studying the change in the pharmacokinetics of LNPs under physiological and pathological conditions. This review article provides an overview of recent advances aimed at expanding the application of LNPs, focusing on the pharmacokinetics and advantages of LNPs. In addition, analytical techniques, library construction and screening, rational design, active targeting, and applicability to gene editing therapy have also been discussed.     

建设世界一流科技期刊的策略——基于Nature、Science、The Lancet和Cell的分析

【目的】 探索建设世界一流科技期刊的策略,以助力中国科技期刊冲刺世界一流水平。【方法】 通过研读相关政策和研究文献,结合对Nature、Science、The Lancet、Cell等不同类型的世界一流科技期刊的分析,解析世界一流科技期刊的概念及内涵,探讨建设世界一流科技期刊的充分条件和必要条件,提出建设世界一流科技期刊的建议。【结果】 卓越的办刊理念、全方位的国际化水平、世界一流的人才队伍、先进的经营管理水平以及汇聚一流前沿成果、卓著的科学声望是建设世界一流科技期刊的必要条件。“高、精、尖”和“稳、准、狠”的办刊策略,是建设世界一流科技期刊的充分条件。建设世界一流科技期刊要理性且准确地认知其内涵,始终坚持卓越的办刊理念、国际化战略、人才战略、质量战略和集群化战略。【结论】 中国科技期刊既要扎根祖国大地,又要学习世界一流期刊的成功经验,从办刊的硬实力和软实力方面吸收借鉴,才能探索出具有中国特色的世界一流科技期刊建设路径。     

2010年-2018年甲状腺结节相关SCI论文知识图谱及数据可视化分析

目的:分析2010年至2018年甲状腺结节相关SCI论文，并建模进行定性与定量分析。方法:利用文献计量学中的引文分析、共被引分析、数据可视化、聚类分析等方法，使用CiteSpace分析工具，分析来源于Web of ScienceTM核心合集数据库中有关论文的出版情况、国家、机构、作者、知识基础与研究热点。结果:到2018年10月31日截止，研究了4 618篇论文。发表论文数:美国在国家/地区中排名第一，延世大学在研究机构中排名第一，Kwak JY在所有作者中排名第一。从2010年开始，每年发表的论文数量都在稳步增长，有相当多的论文发表在如《新英格兰杂志》、《THYROID》、《JAMA》、《CELL》等高影响因子的期刊上。甲状腺结节的SCI论文参考文献聚类为6类，分别是papillary-like nuclear feature、current statu、radiofrequency ablation、ultrasound elastography、goiter area、data system。代表研究前沿的关键词是meta-analysis、recommendation、thyroid carcinoma、shear wave elastography与bethesda system。结论:本文通过对国际上甲状腺结节的研究基础、研究热点的分析，阐述了甲状腺结节的研究趋势，为我国医学工作者的研究提供参考。     

Efficient polymer nanoparticle-mediated delivery of gene editing reagents into human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells

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AAV-CRISPR Gene Editing Is Negated by Pre-existing Immunity to Cas9

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Episodic memory: Neuronal codes for what,where, and when

Episodic memory is defined as the ability to recall events in a spatiotemporal context. Formation of such memories is critically dependent on the hippocampal formation and its inputs from the entorhinal cortex. To be able to support the formation of episodic memories, entorhinal cortex and hippocampal formation should contain a neuronal code that follows several requirements. First, the code should include information about position of the agent (“where”), sequence of events (“when”), and the content of the experience itself (“what”). Second, the code should arise instantly thereby being able to support memory formation of one‐shot experiences. For successful encoding and to avoid interference between memories during recall, variations in location, time, or in content of experience should result in unique ensemble activity. Finally, the code should capture several different resolutions of experience so that the necessary details relevant for future memory‐based predictions will be stored. We review how neuronal codes in entorhinal cortex and hippocampus follow these requirements and argue that during formation of episodic memories entorhinal cortex provides hippocampus with instant information about ongoing experience. Such information originates from (a) spatially modulated neurons in medial entorhinal cortex, including grid cells, which provide a stable and universal positional metric of the environment; (b) a continuously varying signal in lateral entorhinal cortex providing a code for the temporal progression of events; and (c) entorhinal neurons coding the content of experiences exemplified by object‐coding and odor‐selective neurons. During formation of episodic memories, information from these systems are thought to be encoded as unique sequential ensemble activity in hippocampus, thereby encoding associations between the content of an event and its spatial and temporal contexts. Upon exposure to parts of the encoded stimuli, activity in these ensembles can be reinstated, leading to reactivation of the encoded activity pattern and memory recollection.     

基于文献可视化软件的中药治疗糖尿病足知识图谱分析

目的:探索和发现中药治疗糖尿病足领域的热点话题和研究前沿。方法：检索中国知网已发表的中药治疗糖尿病足文献(日期:自建库至2019年6月3日),运用文献可视化软件(CiteSpaceⅤ)绘制中药治疗糖尿病足的知识图谱,进行文献关键词共现分析及聚类分析。结果:该关键词共现聚类网络由909个节点,1 241条边组成,被分成24个聚类。研究热点是:1)中西医结合疗法治疗糖尿病足;2)中药足浴。研究前沿是:1)穴位注射;2)活血化瘀清热解毒疗法。结论:中药治疗糖尿病足的未来之路是注重中医疗法的基础上进行中西医结合,且需更多高质量的证据支持。     

抗原激活红细胞和白细胞免疫反应主干道的实验研究

目的测定抗原对红细胞和白细胞免疫反应主干道的作用。方法癌细胞(5×106/ml)和(或)卡介苗(0·1mg)或酵母菌(5×108/ml)加到全血细胞悬液0·2ml(或白细胞0·2ml)和枸橼酸抗凝的新鲜血浆0·3ml(或生理盐水0·3ml)37℃温育1h,采用免疫酶联法检测IL-8水平。分组:①抗原(癌细胞或酵母菌或卡介苗)0·2ml加入全血细胞悬液0·2ml和血浆0·3ml;②生理盐水0·2ml加入全血细胞悬液0·2ml和血浆0·3ml;③抗原0·2ml加入白细胞悬液0·2ml和血浆0·3ml;④生理盐水0·2ml加入白细胞悬液0·2ml和血浆0·3ml。结果癌细胞、卡介苗和酵母菌能激活血液免疫反应,但没有加血浆组中,这些抗原不能激活血液免疫反应,在这些抗原加入全血细胞和血浆组,IL-8激活指数(2·124±0·860)明显高于这些抗原加入白细胞和血浆组的IL-8激活指数(0·390±0·080),P<0·01。结论结果表明在血液免疫反中存在红细胞和白细胞免疫反应主干道路线图,红细胞和补体在血液免疫反应路线图中具有重要作用。     

Reflections and Perspectives on Pediatric Psychology: Editor's Vale Dictum

Reviews major activities of the Editor and changes in the Journalof Pediatric Psychology (JPP) for issues published in 1993 through1997. Significant trends and accomplishments are reviewed, includingthe increased use of Special Issues and Special Sections tohighlight current pediatric psychological research. Articlespublished during the term are analyzed interms of article typeand population type Comarisons are made to earlier trends inJPP publication as reported by Roberts (1 992).