Inferior Vena Cava Filters: Aligning Practice With Evidence to Improve Patient Outcomes

BackgroundDespite indications for the removal of temporary inferior vena cava (IVC) filters, many filters are unintentionally left in place, predisposing patients to adverse outcomes.ObjectiveThis quality improvement study set out to determine the impact of an IVC filter retrieval protocol on filter retrieval rates and patients lost to follow-up for patients who had undergone placement of a temporary IVC filter.MethodsFollowing a quasi-experimental design, data of all consecutive patients who underwent insertion of a temporary IVC filter for a period of 24-month preprotocol and 12-month postprotocol were compared.ResultsFilter retrieval rates of eligible filters increased from 64.2% to 100%; patients lost to follow-up decreased from 35.9% to 0% (p < .01, both outcomes).ConclusionAdoption of a comprehensive IVC filter protocol by the service that implants these devices can improve filter retrieval rates and decrease patients being lost to follow-up.     

Ventilatory support in the intensive care unit

This article focuses on the functional features of positive-pressure ventilators, the modes of invasive and non-invasive mechanical ventilation, and the main ventilator settings. It also highlights the potential complications of mechanical ventilation, the basic principles of weaning, and the pathophysiological basis of patient-ventilator dyssynchrony.     

Efficient Denoising Framework for Mammogram Images with a New Impulse Detector and Non-Local Means

Objective: The survival rates of breast cancer are increasing as screening and diagnosis improve. The removal of noise is revealed to be a significant step for automatic - computer aided detection (CAD) of microcalcification in digital mammography. Methods: In this paper, a combined approach for eradicating impulse noise from digital mammograms is proposed. The process is achieved in two stages, detection of noise followed by filtering of noise. The detection of noise is carried out by using Modified Robust Outlyingness Ratio (mROR) trailed by an extended NL (Non-Local)-means filter for filtering mechanism. Results: According to the value of mROR, all pixels in mammogram images are divided into four distinct groups. In each cluster, many decision rules are then applied for detecting the impulse noise. Filtering is done with NL-means filter by providing a reference mammogram image. Conclusion: The comparative analysis and evaluated results are compared with some existing filters which indicate that the proposed structure outperforms the analysed result of others.     

Differentiating autoimmune pancreatitis from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with CT radiomics features

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to determine whether computed tomography (CT)-based machine learning of radiomics features could help distinguish autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).Materials and MethodsEighty-nine patients with AIP (65 men, 24 women; mean age, 59.7 ± 13.9 [SD] years; range: 21–83 years) and 93 patients with PDAC (68 men, 25 women; mean age, 60.1 ± 12.3 [SD] years; range: 36–86 years) were retrospectively included. All patients had dedicated dual-phase pancreatic protocol CT between 2004 and 2018. Thin-slice images (0.75/0.5 mm thickness/increment) were compared with thick-slices images (3 or 5 mm thickness/increment). Pancreatic regions involved by PDAC or AIP (areas of enlargement, altered enhancement, effacement of pancreatic duct) as well as uninvolved parenchyma were segmented as three-dimensional volumes. Four hundred and thirty-one radiomics features were extracted and a random forest was used to distinguish AIP from PDAC. CT data of 60 AIP and 60 PDAC patients were used for training and those of 29 AIP and 33 PDAC independent patients were used for testing.ResultsThe pancreas was diffusely involved in 37 (37/89; 41.6%) patients with AIP and not diffusely in 52 (52/89; 58.4%) patients. Using machine learning, 95.2% (59/62; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 89.8–100%), 83.9% (52:67; 95% CI: 74.7–93.0%) and 77.4% (48/62; 95% CI: 67.0–87.8%) of the 62 test patients were correctly classified as either having PDAC or AIP with thin-slice venous phase, thin-slice arterial phase, and thick-slice venous phase CT, respectively. Three of the 29 patients with AIP (3/29; 10.3%) were incorrectly classified as having PDAC but all 33 patients with PDAC (33/33; 100%) were correctly classified with thin-slice venous phase with 89.7% sensitivity (26/29; 95% CI: 78.6–100%) and 100% specificity (33/33; 95% CI: 93–100%) for the diagnosis of AIP, 95.2% accuracy (59/62; 95% CI: 89.8–100%) and area under the curve of 0.975 (95% CI: 0.936–1.0).ConclusionsRadiomic features help differentiate AIP from PDAC with an overall accuracy of 95.2%.     

复方碘酊消毒液中和剂试验研究

复方碘酊消毒液是含有20 g/L碘和1 g/L三氯羟基二苯醚的酒精溶液,为选择出合适的中和剂,采用化学中和法的悬液定量试验和滤膜冲洗及中和剂加滤膜冲洗法进行了试验研究。结果,硫代硫酸钠、硫代乙醇酸钠、吐温80、卵磷脂及其复方中和剂经悬液定量试验法和滤膜冲洗法,均不能中和复方碘酊消毒液对试验菌的残留作用。采用中和剂加滤膜冲洗法证明,用含5000 mg/L硫代硫酸钠+5000 mg/L吐温80+2000 mg/L硫代乙醇酸钠的磷酸盐缓冲液作为中和剂,均可有效去除复方碘酊消毒液对试验菌的残留作用;各中和剂及其中和产物对试验菌及培养基无不良影响。结论,选择复方碘酊消毒液的中和剂,不适宜用悬液定量试验法;宜采用滤膜过滤冲洗法。     

孕期宣教对孕妇影响的调查与分析

[目的]了解孕期宣教对孕妇在保健知识方面的需求性,孕期检查的必要性及心理健康状况、分娩方式选择方面的影响。[方法]采用自制问卷调查表对1500例孕妇进行调查,其中接受孕期宣教1000例,未接受孕期宣教500例。[结果]孕期宣教对孕妇在保健知识的需求性和孕期检查的必要性上,在心理健康状况和对分娩方式的选择上有显著影响(P<0.005)。[结论]开办孕妇学校对孕妇实施针对有效的孕期宣教和保健指导是必要的。     

唐县针对暗娼艾滋病高危人群干预模式效果分析

目的通过对唐县干预实施过程的分析总结,探讨县级娱乐服务场所暗娼(CSW)的干预措施。方法收集整理唐县干预实施过程中的相关资料,总结干预的方法步骤,分析影响干预的相关因素,提出干预工作中遇到的问题和解决的方法对策。结果78.57%的高危场所接受干预,其中高、中档娱乐服务场所接受干预率为100%,低档场所接受干预率62.5%。CSW接受干预人数占96.66%。与基线调查统计结果相比,CSW艾滋病知识知晓率从60%上升到95%,其中高、中档场所CSW艾滋病知识知晓率为100%,低档场所CSW知晓率为82.5%;安全套使用率由50%上升到86%,其中高、中档场所CSW安全套使用率均为100%,低档场所CSW安全套使用率为53.1%。接受HIV初筛检测率为49.53%。培养了一支同伴教育宣传员队伍。结论“依据出租车司机线索,直接拜访老板,逐一走访高危场所,培养同伴教育宣传员,定期外展现场干预与定期集中培训交流相结合”的唐县CSW干预模式,启动、推动了唐县的干预工作,使干预工作能够循环、持续、深入进行,在高危人群CSW中宣传普及艾滋病防治知识、推广100%安全套使用技术、营造社会支持环境等方面起到了重要的作用,有效防止了当地艾滋病的传播。     

中药肾区渗透并常规治疗高血压性肾损害40例疗效观察

目的：观察中药肾区皮肤外敷渗透加西药常规治疗高血压肾损害结果。方法：将部分中药粉碎微细化处理，将另部分中药液化处理．粉液混合装袋醋浸后外敷在肾区皮肤上，用药物导入仪肾区靶点式导人人体。并用一般西医常规治疗。结果：平均治疗3周血肌酐下降23％，BUN下降26％，24h蛋白尿下降23％，尿量增加16％，收缩压下降9％，舒张压下降7％。结论：中药的肾区皮肤外敷渗透加西医常规治疗效果明显高于一般常规治疗。     

OptEase滤器在下肢深静脉血栓形成治疗中的应用

目的：总结8例下肢深静脉血栓形成手术治疗中使用OptEase可回收腔静脉滤器 的经验.方法：通过8例使用OptEase可回收腔静脉滤器临床资料,分析回收方式与并发症.结果：术中、术后无肺栓塞发生,回收时腔静脉造影示：滤器处不完全血栓和健侧髂静脉血栓各1例,成功回收5例,转为永久性置入3例.随访328个月,无肢体静脉血栓复发.结论：下肢深静脉血栓形成手术中使用可回收腔静脉滤器能有效防止肺栓塞,术后可回收的特点有广阔的应用前景.     

动脉路去白细胞滤器在体外循环中的临床应用

目的　观察常规瓣膜手术患者体外循环 (CPB)中应用动脉路去白细胞滤器的临床使用效果及对炎症介质的影响。方法　 30例风心病患者随机分为试验组和对照组 ,各 15例 ,试验组使用动脉路去白细胞滤器LG6 ,对照组使用常规的国产动脉过滤器。测定血细胞计数及分类、血浆丙二醛 (MDA)、髓过氧化物酶 (MPO)、白介素 - 1β(IL - 1β)和白介素 - 8(IL - 8) ,动脉血气分析。观察两组术前、注射鱼精蛋白后和术后 4h的氧合指数及气道压力。用Swan -ganz导管监测肺血管压力及阻力。结果　白细胞计数 :实验组 -右房 (8.4 7± 2 .0 1)× 10 9/L、左房(7.96± 2 .2 7)× 10 9/L(P >0 .0 5 ) ,对照组右房 (10 .6 9± 2 .4 7)× 10 9/L、左房 (9.6 7± 1.98)× 10 9/L(P <.0 0 1)。血小板和红细胞压积两组无差异。术后肺氧合指数 (PaO2 /FiO2 × 10 0 )两组间无统计学差异。术后其它肺参数如肺血管阻力 (PVR)、平均肺动脉压 (MPAP)、肺毛细血管楔压 (PCWP)和气道压力等两组间无统计学差异。血浆MDA ,MPO ,IL - 1β和IL - 8两组间无统计学差异。结论　CPB中应用动脉路去白细胞滤器可暂时减少循环血液中的白细胞和中性粒细胞数量 ,减少再灌注过程中白细胞的肺内滞留 ,对术后肺功能没有明显的保护作用。