南宁市壮族青少年家庭亲密度和心理韧性与非自杀性自伤行为的关联

目的 了解壮族青少年家庭亲密度和心理韧性与非自杀性自伤行为之间的关联关系。方法 2019年采用年级分层班级整群抽样的方法,在南宁市抽取2 242名壮族初中学生进行家庭亲密度、心理韧性和非自杀性自伤行为的问卷调查。结果 壮族初中生NSSI得分为（4.52±5.31）分,NSSI检出率为40.50%。在是否留守经历、不同教养方式、不同学习压力间NSSI检出率相比较,差异均有统计学意义（χ² = 13.203、34.362、13.245,P＜0.001）。有NSSI者家庭亲密度、心理韧性得分低于无NSSI者,差异有统计学意义（t = - 14.619、 - 18.118,P＜0.001）。中介效应检验结果显示,家庭亲密度对心理韧性有正向影响（β = 0.48, P＜0.01）,家庭亲密度对NSSI有正向影响(β = 0.650, P＜0.01),心理韧性对NSSI的有正向影响（β = 0.320, P＜0.01）。心理韧性在家庭亲密度和NSSI的标准化间接效应为0.15,中介效应占总效应的18.75%。结论 心理韧性在壮族中学生家庭亲密度和NSSI之间起到中介作用,可通过提高壮族中学生心理韧性、家庭亲密度的方式或途径降低NSSI的发生风险。     

家庭因素与青少年非自杀性自伤关系的研究进展

非自杀性自伤(NSSI)在各国青少年群体中均有很高的发生率,且其发生率正逐年上升,已成为现阶段全球公认的影响青少年身心健康的重大公共卫生问题之一,备受国内外广大专家、学者的关注与重视。然而,其发生机制尚不明确,目前的研究也正处于初级阶段。据目前研究显示,NSSI的影响因素主要有个体因素、环境因素和神经生物学因素。家庭作为青少年成长过程中最重要的外部环境,在青少年身心发展中起着至关重要的作用。良好的家庭环境能在一定程度上预防和减少青少年NSSI等风险行为的发生, 并可能成为未来早期干预工作的一个重要途径。本文拟对近年来国内外相关文献进行综述,为下一步研究家庭因素对青少年NSSI行为的影响提供思路,同时为临床干预和治疗提供参考。     

中小学生非自杀性自伤行为家庭环境因素分析

目的 了解中小学生非自杀性自伤行为的现况;探讨中小学生非自杀性自伤行为的家庭环境影响因素。方法 采用整群抽样的方法抽取4所学校6 252名中小学生,使用蓄意自伤量表和中国家庭评估测量工具进行问卷调查,采用两分类logistic回归分析中小学生NSSI行为的家庭环境因素。结果 中小学生非自杀性自伤行为检出率为30.74%,在中小学生中,家庭相互交流（小学生:OR = 1.041,95%CI:1.028～1.055;中学生:OR = 1.036,95%CI:1.011～1.060）、家庭冲突（小学生 :OR = 1.060,95%CI:1.044～1.077;中学生 :OR = 1.045,95%CI:1.013～1.079）和父母控制（小学生:OR = 1.033,95%CI:1.012～1.055;中学生 :OR = 1.057,95%CI:1.014～1.103）均是非自杀性自伤行为的危险因素。结论 改善和提高家庭环境功能水平,有助于预防中小学生非自杀性自伤行为的发生。     

Longitudinal development of pain sensitivity in adolescent non-suicidal self-injury

Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is associated with reduced pain sensitivity (PS). Existing theories posit that altered PS is a risk factor for NSSI. Cross-sectional data suggest that PS normalizes in those terminating self-injury. However, previously no study addressed the longitudinal course of PS in patients engaging in NSSI. We addressed changes in PS and clinical symptomatology in adolescents with NSSI (n = 18) and matched controls (n = 19) over one year. Despite significant clinical improvements, PS did not change in the NSSI group but decreased in controls. Greater NSSI reduction was associated with increased pain tolerance. Findings are discussed in the light of current theories on PS in NSSI.     

Clinical assessment of non-suicidal self-injury: A systematic review of instruments

There has been an increase in the number of assessment instruments for non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). However, previous reviews are inconsistent and do not provide a comprehensive psychometric assessment of the instruments. This study aimed to systematically assess and compare the psychometric properties of clinically relevant instruments to measure NSSI in any population. Through a systematic review guided by COSMIN and PRISMA, two searches were conducted in English and Spanish in February 2020 in 13 databases including grey literature. Of the 7,813 initial records, 152 validations were extracted. From these, 83 instruments (22 versions or adaptations) were excluded for not measuring NSSI, having no potential clinical utility or not including psychometric properties. Finally, 26 (22 versions, 35 adaptations and 19 creations) instruments measuring NSSI were included. Predominantly, the studies were North American self-reports in English for community adolescents, adaptations or versions emanating from a small number of instruments. Twenty-six indicators were categorized to assess NSSI. The most frequent instruments are structured interviews, and their indicators were related to NSSI function and topography. Evidence of validity and reliability was positive but limited. Despite the high number of instruments and diversity of evaluations, we found no instrument with sufficient evidence for clinical assessment. Findings broadly overview NSSI assessment instruments' current use and future improvement in clinical and research settings.     

Understanding the Relationship between Substance Use and Self-Injury in American Indian Youth

Background: American Indian communities compared to other US populations are challenged by the largest health disparities in substance abuse and suicidal behavior among youth ages 15–24. Objectives: This article examines the co-occurrence of substance use and self-injury among reservation-based youth in the US. Methods: White Mountain Apache tribal leaders and Johns Hopkins University formed a partnership to address self-injury and substance abuse among Apache youth. Data on suicide (deaths, attempts, ideation), non-suicidal self-injury, and substance use were analyzed from the White Mountain Apache tribally mandated self-injury surveillance registry from 2007 to 2010, including 567 validated incidents from 352 individuals aged 15–24 years. Findings regarding characteristics of co-occurrence – including differences in the type of self-harm behavior, gender, and reported reasons for the act – were interpreted through a community-based participatory research process. Results: From 2007 to 2010, 64% (n = 7/11) of Apache youth ages 15–24 were “drunk or high” at the time of suicide death with data missing for 2/11 deaths; 75.7% (n = 118/156) were “drunk or high” during suicide attempt; 49.4% (n = 83/168) during suicidal ideation; and 49.4% (81/166) during non-suicidal self-injury. Co-occurrence of substance use was higher for more lethal acts and among males. Conclusion: High rates of co-occurring self-injury and substance use within this population highlight the importance of research to understand relationships between these behaviors to design preemptive and integrated interventions. Scientific Significance: Tribal-specific and culturally informed data on the co-occurrence of self-injury and substance use hold promise for reducing the combined toll of years of productive life lost among American Indian youth.     

独生与非独生青少年情绪障碍患者非自杀性自伤行为差异的横断面研究北大核心CSCD

目的了解独生与非独生青少年情绪障碍患者非自杀性自伤(non-suicidal self-injury,NSSI)行为的差异。方法运用三阶段抽样方法,于2020年8月至2020年11月在全国9个省份20家精神疾病医院门诊对529名12~18岁患有情绪障碍伴NSSI行为的青少年进行横断面调查。使用自编量表收集一般人口学信息,使用自伤功能评估问卷、贝克自杀意念量表、凯斯勒心理困扰量表、内隐压力心智量表、感知社会支持的多维度量表、多维学生生活满意度量表和罗森伯格自尊量表收集情绪障碍青少年自伤行为和心理因素相关信息。结果共调查529名患有情绪障碍伴NSSI的青少年,其中独生子女375例,非独生子女154例。独生子女组自伤功能评估问卷总分高于非独生子女组(P<0.05);独生子女组自伤种类及自伤频次高于非独生子女组(P<0.05)。心理特征分析显示,独生子女组自尊得分低于非独生子女组(P<0.05);独生子女组心理困扰得分及抑郁症状得分高于非独生子女组(P<0.05)。多重线性回归分析显示:在独生和非独生的情绪障碍青少年中,其自杀意念得分均与NSSI行为频次呈正相关(P<0.05);自尊水平与独生子女NSSI行为频次呈负相关(P<0.05),压力感知得分与独生子女NSSI行为频次呈正相关(P<0.05);焦虑情绪得分与非独生子女NSSI频次呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论情绪障碍伴NSSI行为的青少年中,独生子女有更多的自伤频次和更差的心理健康状况,因此,情绪障碍伴NSSI行为的独生子女需要更多关注。     

Identifying Predictors of Non-Suicidal Self-Injuries in Individuals with Eating Disorders

PurposeNearly one third of all patients with an eating disorder (ED) present with non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). Although it is necessary to pay attention clinically to NSSI in ED patients due to an increased suicidal risk, there are limited data on potential predictors of NSSI in ED. We conducted this study to uncover predictors of NSSI in ED.Materials and MethodsA total of 1355 ED patients who visited an ED clinic was evaluated through structured interviews by psychiatrists. The demographic and clinical characteristics of ED patients with NSSI (NSSI group) and ED patients without NSSI (non-NSSI group) were analyzed to identify potential predictors of NSSI in ED.ResultsAmong all ED individuals, 242 (17.9%) reported a history of NSSI. Compared to the non-NSSI group, the NSSI group reported more severe eating symptomatology, more comorbid psychiatric disease, and more suicidal risk. Comorbid alcohol use disorder, depressive disorder, purging behavior, history of suicide attempt, and rumination symptoms were uncovered as predictors of NSSI in ED.ConclusionThe findings of the study are meaningful in that they highlight predictors of NSSI in ED in a large clinical sample. Understanding risk factors of NSSI and offering appropriate interventions are important to preventing suicidality in ED.