Disparity in the use of adjuvant radioactive iodine ablation among high-risk papillary thyroid cancer patients

BackgroundWe sought to identify treatment disparities existing prior to publication of the 2015 American Thyroid Association Management Guidelines in order to identify patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) at risk for receiving inadequate treatment.MethodsPatients diagnosed with PTC from 2011 to 2013 were identified using Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database. High-risk disease was defined as T4, N1, or M1. Chi-square tests compared characteristics of patients with and without high-risk disease and characteristics of high-risk patients who did and did not receive radioactive iodine ablation (RAI). Likelihoods of having high-risk disease, of receiving RAI, and of cause-specific death were calculated using regression analyses.ResultsSample included 32,229 individuals; 7894 (24.5%) had high-risk disease. Mean age was 50.0 years, 24,815 (77.0%) were female, and 21,318 (66.2%) were white. Odds of high-risk disease were greater among males (OR:2.04; 95% CI:1.92–2.16), Hispanics (OR:1.67; 95% CI:1.56–1.79) and Asians (OR:1.49; 95% CI:1.37–1.62), and uninsured (OR:1.24; 95% CI:1.07–1.43), and lower among patients ages 45–64 (OR:0.57; 95% CI:0.53–0.60), and ≥65 years (OR:0.54; 95% CI:0.50–0.59), and Blacks (OR:0.46; 95% CI:0.40–0.53). Most (69.3%) high-risk patients received RAI. Odds of receiving RAI were lower among patients age ≥65 years (OR:0.67; 95% CI:0.58–0.77), uninsured (OR:0.52; 95% CI:0.41–0.67), or with Medicaid (OR:0.58; 95% CI:0.50–0.69). RAI use reduced the risk of cause-specific mortality (HR:0.29; 95% CI:0.18–0.47).ConclusionKnowledge of these treatment disparities will allow recognition of groups at risk for high-risk disease and receiving inadequate treatment.     

知母种子质量分级标准的研究

目的:研究制定知母种子的质量分级标准。方法:通过对不同产地20个批次知母种子的净度、千粒质量、含水量、生活力、发芽率等指标测定和外观形态观察,利用Excel 2010、SPSS 20.0软件对以上数据进行相关分析、主成分以及K-均值聚类分析,初步确定知母种子质量分级指标和分级标准,且以各等级知母种子分别在田间对比种植,通过测定1年产苗量,2年药材产量及有效成分含量,验证知母种子质量分级标准的合理性。结果:Ⅰ级知母种子发芽率不低于85%,千粒质量不低于7.5 g,净度不低于95%;Ⅱ级知母种子发芽率不低于70%,千粒质量不低于7.0 g,净度不低于85%;Ⅲ级知母种子发芽率不低于65%,千粒质量不低于6.0 g,净度不低于80%;各级种子含水量均小于10%。结论:发芽率和千粒质量为知母种子质量分级标准的主要指标,净度和含水量为参考指标。不同等级知母种子种植后对知母种苗产量、药材产量及质量会有显著影响。该研究制定的知母种子质量分级标准科学可行、符合生产实际,为知母的种子质量评价和规范化栽培提供参考依据。     

CT导向下~(125)I粒子植入治疗复发性盆腔恶性肿瘤

目的探讨CT导向下125I粒子植入治疗复发性盆腔恶性肿瘤的疗效。方法18例复发性盆腔恶性肿瘤患者采用CT导向下125I放射性粒子植入。粒子植入之前采用TPS模拟布源或遵循Halarism的125I经验公式:mCi=Da×5,Da为靶组织长、宽、高的平均值(L W H)/3,单位为cm,求出术中所需125I粒子的总活度及算出治疗粒子的数量。在螺旋CT导向下将125I放射性粒子植入盆腔肿瘤内。结果全组18例22个病灶治疗后2个月后采用PET-CT评价,完全缓解(CR)6例,部分缓解(PR)8例,稳定(NC)3例,进展(PD)1例。18例随访7~16个月,全部存活,近期平均生存期9.5个月。结论125I放射性粒子植入是治疗复发性盆腔恶性肿瘤的一种有效的方法。     

大粒车前子中苯乙醇苷类化合物对树突状细胞的调控研究

目的:探讨大粒车前子中苯乙醇苷类化合物对小鼠骨髓来源树突状细胞(DCs)功能调节的影响,为进一步阐明大粒车前子的免疫调节活性提供依据.方法:采用细胞因子诱导法,从Balb/cj小鼠骨髓细胞贴壁分离获得单核细胞,加入含10%胎牛血清、10μg·L~(-1)重组小鼠粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(rmGM-CSF)及重组小鼠白细胞介素_4(rmIL-4)的RPMI1640完全培养基培养,在培养第6天,实验组加入车前子苯乙醇苷类化合物(10,50,100 mg·L(-1)),对照组加入RPMI 1640或LPS(1mg·L~(-1)),流式细胞仪检测DCs表面分子CD11c,CD86,MHC Ⅱ和CD80的表达以及各组DCs吞噬功能的变化.结果:车前子毛蕊花苷和异毛蕊花苷能够提高DCs表面分子CD11c,CD86,MHC Ⅱ和CD80的表达;空白组DCs的吞噬功能很强(45.39%),车前子毛蕊花苷和异毛蕊花苷组DCs吞噬功能都明显下降(分别为37.27%,30.40%,33.45%和40.15%,37.59%,31.07%).结论:车前子苯乙醇苷类化合物能促进小鼠骨髓来源的DCs表型及功能的成熟.     

Potent relaxant effect of a Celastrus paniculatus extract in the rat and human ileum

Ethnopharmacological importance

Celastrus paniculatus Willd. (Celastraceae) is an Ayurvedic remedy used for the treatment of a number of diseases, including bowel spasms.

Aim of the study

To investigate the mode of the relaxing action of a methanolic extract prepared from the seeds of Celastrus paniculatus (CPE, 0.0001–10 μg/mL) in the rat ileum and to try to confirm on human tissues the intestinal pharmacological activity of the extract.

Materials and methods

The relaxant effect of CPE was studied in vitro by evaluating its effect on the spontaneous contractions of the isolated ileum.

Results

CPE exerted a tetrodotoxin- and ω-conotoxin-resistant inhibitory effect on rat ileum motility (IC₅₀: 0.24 ± 0.02 μg/mL; E_max: 99.0 ± 0.60%). The inhibitory effect was reduced by nifedipine but not by cyclopiazonic acid. Experiments with specific antagonists enabled us to exclude the involvement of the main endogenous spasmogenic (i.e. acetylcholine and tachykinins) and relaxing (noradrenaline, nitric oxide, ATP) compounds. CPE also relaxed the isolated human ileum (IC₅₀: 0.26 ± 0.02 μg/mL; E_max: 99.1 ± 0.46%).

Conclusion

It is concluded that (i) CPE exerted a powerful myogenic and L-type Ca²⁺-dependent relaxing effect in the isolated rat ileum and that (ii) the human ileum is sensitive to the inhibitory effect of CPE. If confirmed in vivo, our data could explain the traditional use of this herb in the treatment of intestinal spasms.     

对一宗入境二级放射货包的监测结果分析

汕头卫生检疫局空港处对汕头航空口岸—宗入境二级货包的监测过程及对有关运输工作人员作了放射知识问卷调查。从中发现。运输单位货物存放设施落后。有关工作人员放射卫生知识欠缺，对放射污染可能造成的危害缺乏正确的认识。为此，笔者提出了自己的看法，以期对放射监测工作的进一步完善提供参考。     

复方葡萄籽提取物对乙醇及四氯化碳肝损伤的影响

目的：探讨复方葡萄籽提取物（GSE）对化学性肝损伤的预防和治疗作用。方法：用小鼠建造四氯化碳肝损伤和乙醇肝损伤模型，观察乙醇灌胃前预先给予复方GSE及乙醇或四氯化碳灌胃后再给予复方GSE后小鼠血清谷丙转氨酶（ALT），肝细胞超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷光甘肽（GSH）、丙二醛（MDA）。结果：预先给予GSE可增强SOD活性，防止乙醇导致的肝GSH减少，有效降低小鼠血清ALT和肝细胞MDA上升程度，在乙醇或四氯化碳灌胃后再给予复方GSE，也可降低小鼠血清中ALT和肝细胞脂质过氧化产物。结论：复方GSE对乙醇肝损伤有预防和治疗作用。对四氯化碳肝损伤也有一定治疗作用。     

多色杀生固定法对保持中药原植物色泽的实验研究

目的：应用多色杀生固定法对42种不同色泽果实、种子的植物浸制标本制作的实验研究。结果：多色杀生固定液能较理想地保存42种实验材料、叶、果实、种子、果肉、花序等的原有色泽。该研究为浸制标本的制作开辟了广阔的发展前景。     

Significance of diffuse cardiac activity on In-111 labeled leucocyte scans

To assess the significance of diffuse cardiac activity (DCA) seen on In-111 labeled leukocyte scans, we reviewed 87 studies performed over the last 4 years. Inflammatory cardiac conditions were seen as frequently in patients with DCA (15%) as those without (7%, P=0.3). There was a higher ratio of RBC:WBC in the final WBC preparation in the false-positive DCA group than the true positive DCA and no DCA groups. False-positive studies showing DCA are most likely due to residual blood pool activity.Presented in part, 70th annual meeting, Radiological Society of North America, Washington D.C., 25 November 1984     

胡萝卜籽挥发油的抗生育作用

胡萝卜籽挥发油对小鼠有抗着床,抗早、中和晚期妊娠作用。对大鼠也有抗着床作用。挥发油中的萜类碳氢化合物部位,对小鼠皮下注射抗早期妊娠的ED_(50)为2.9ml/kg,甲地孕酮和hCG能明显逆转其作用;对假孕小鼠蜕膜瘤有抑制作用,此作用不能被甲地孕酮拮抗,皮下注射于早孕大鼠24、48小时后血浆孕酮浓度明显下降。以上提示其抗早孕作用机制可能与抑制孕酮合成和蜕膜反应有关。此外,挥发油碳氢部分无雌激素和抗雌激素活性,低浓度时对早孕大鼠离体子宫的收缩活动没有影响,高浓度则表现抑制作用。