占永立教授从咽论治IgA肾病的理论与实践探析

本文从理论与临床实践2方面总结了占永立教授从咽论治IgA肾病的经验。占教授将Ig A肾病分为3型进行辨证论治:1)肺气不足,热毒扰咽证; 2)脾气虚弱,热邪客咽证; 3)肾阴亏虚,余热留咽证。治疗上以清热解毒利咽为主,兼以扶正,根据病情灵活选方用药,取得较好的临床疗效。     

MEBO治疗口腔、咽、食管烧伤临床观察

目的:探讨口腔、咽、食管烧伤的治疗方法。方法:对2000年3月-2005年12月,采取口服湿润烧伤膏(MEBO)治疗的25例患者进行回顾性资料总结。结果:25例病人均治愈,无创面感染、食管狭窄、腹泻等并发症。结论:MEBO对口腔、咽、食管等上消化道部位黏膜烧伤疗效确切,方法简单易行。     

采用DSA设备评价吞咽功能的初步探讨

目的:探讨运用DSA设备作吞咽功能检查的价值。材料和方法:用DSA设备对正常组24例,咽异感症患者32例,做上至颅底、下达第七颈椎平面的正侧位动态采集,了解吞咽状况,并行咽传输时间测定,进行对照研究。结果:正常对照组咽传输时间为1.441±0.302s,咽异感症患者咽传输时间为1.367±0.409s,两组结果相比统计学上无显著差异,但后者较易发生咽部钡剂滞留等改变。结论:DSA机由于采集速度快,不但在心血管检查及介入治疗方面有重要意义,而且在非血管性脏器的动力学检查中也起着一定的作用。由于能完整记录钡剂通过咽部的全过程,故此方法是吞咽功能检查的良好方法之一。     

Radioanatomy of upper airways in flexion and retroflexion of the neck

Summary Ten flexion-retroflexion radiographs of the cervical spine (in lateral projection) were utilized to study anatomical configuration and topography of the upper air passages in these two positions. Measurement of AP diameters revealed narrowing in flexion and widening in retroflexion, being maximat at the region of the epiglottis, and minimal at the regions of larynx and trachea. The distance from the pharyngeal attachment of the skull-base, to the upper chest aperture proved to be markedly greater in retroflexion than in flexion. As the pharynx virtually does not change its length during these movements, it is drawn up (with respect to the upper chest aperture) in retroflexion, and pushed down in flexion, over a mean distance of 42 mm. The up and down movement of the upper part of the trachea is slightly less: 38 mm. No correction for radiological magnification of 15–20%.     

Metabolic polymorphisms and the micronucleus frequency in buccal epithelium of adolescents living in an urban environment

Micronuclei and other biomarkers were evaluated in oral cells from 11- to 16-year-old girls living in a foster home in the central area of México City. Variables analyzed for possible association with these biomarkers include smoking habits, body mass index, metabolic polymorphisms for NAT1 and GSTM1 and whether the cells were obtained from the cheek or pharynx. The results indicated that individuals having the NAT1*10 homozygous genotype showed a significant increase in chromatin buds and binucleated cells. When the damage in the cheek was compared with damage in the pharynx, a significant increase in micronuclei and binucleated cells was found for the latter tissue in all the individuals analyzed.     

大鼠咽肌前运动神经元的跨突触定位

支配咽肌的运动神经元位于疑核，控制凝核的前运动神经元位于孤束核。孤束核中的前运动神经元在控制吞咽运动中起着重要作用。但支配咽肌的前运动神经元位于孤束核的什么部位还不清楚。文内用假狂犬病毒研究字大鼠咽肌前运动神经元在孤束核中的定位。     

Fossa navicularis: anatomic variation at the skull base

The fossa navicularis is a relatively rare anatomic variation of the skull base. Awareness of its existence will avoid misinterpretations of radiological images and unnecessary investigations. This study describes the appearance of the fossa navicularis, and investigates its incidence and whether it is related to pathology at the basiocciput. We studied 492 dry human skulls and 525 computer tomography (CT) images of patients. Dry skulls showing a fossa navicularis were investigated by CT scan, whereas patients identified as having a fossa navicularis were further examined with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). To document the position of the fossa more precisely, measurements were made between the fossa navicularis and certain anatomic landmarks such as the foramen ovale, the pharyngeal tubercle, the posterior border of the vomer, the foramen lacerum, the carotid canal, and the occipital condyle. Upon examination, 26 of 492 skulls (5.3%) were found to have a fossa navicularis. Twelve were <2 mm in depth and the other 14 had a depth of >/=2 mm. Of the 525 patients, 16 (3.0%) were identified as having a fossa navicularis in CT images. Evaluation of MRIs showed no soft tissue lesions in any of these patients. Comprehensive anatomic details of the fossa navicularis have not been reported in the literature. The results of this study may be useful to radiologists, anatomists, and surgeons interested in the skull base.     

血管生成因子在咽喉部恶性黑色素瘤的表达及与血管生成的关系

目的　研究血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF)、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子 (b FGF)、转化生长因子β1 (TGF-β1 )及其受体和肿瘤源性粘附因子 (TAF)在咽喉部恶性黑色素瘤中的表达特点 ,以及它们与肿瘤内微血管密度(MVD)和病人预后的关系。　方法　应用免疫组织化学和形态计量方法检测 2 8例咽喉部恶性黑色素瘤 MVD、VEGF、b FGF、TGF- β1 及其受体和 TAF的表达 ,并应用多因素 Cox比例风险模型检测上述因素和病人预后的关系。　结果　 2 8例咽喉部恶性黑色素瘤中 ,VEGF阳性 19例 (6 7.9% ) ,b FGF阳性 2 1例 (75 .5 % ) ,TGF- β1 阳性 16例 (5 7.1% ) ,TAF阳性 18例 (6 4.3% )。血管生成因子与其受体表达具有一致性 ,并与 MVD值显著相关。Cox模型分析显示 MVD和 VEGF是影响咽喉部恶性黑色素瘤的重要因素 (P<0 .0 5 )。　结论　 VEGF、b FGF、TGF- β1 和TAF是咽喉部恶性黑色素瘤中血管生成的重要因子 ,并通过促进血管生成影响病人的预后。其中 MVD和 VEGF是评估咽喉部恶性黑色素瘤病人预后的重要指标。     

咽-食管粘膜下巨大良性间叶瘤

为探讨对罕见的咽-食管粘膜下良性间叶瘤的诊断和治疗,报道1例巨大的咽-食管粘膜下良性间叶瘤因误诊而行开胸肿瘤切除术。分析了良性间叶瘤的病理及诊断方法,提出了对蒂部位于咽部并坠生于食管腔但与食管壁无粘连的良性间叶瘤,可考虑术前以细长金属管镜作食管检查,确诊后经咽侧进路切除肿瘤蒂部,并经食管入口摘除肿瘤体部以避免开胸。