Serum AGEs and sRAGE levels are not related to vascular complications in patients with prediabetes

BackgroundWhile hyperglycemia has a key role in the pathogenesis of microvascular complications of diabetes, it is just one of the many factors contributing to macrovascular damage. The aim of the present study is to investigate the link between serum pentosidine and sRAGE levels and vascular complications in patients with prediabetes compared to normal glucose tolerance controls with obesity.MethodsIn this study were included 76 patients with mean age 50.7 ± 10.7 years, divided into two age and BMI-matched groups – group 1 with obesity without glycemic disturbances (n = 38) and group 2 with obesity and prediabetes (n = 38).ResultsThere was no significant difference in pentosidine and sRAGE levels between patients with obesity and prediabetes. Patients with hypertension had lower levels of sRAGE compared to nonhypertensive subjects. sRAGE showed a weak negative correlation to blood glucose on 60th min of OGTT and HOMA index. There was no correlation between sRAGE and pentosidine levels and the markers of micro- and macrovascular complications. There was no difference in sRAGE and pentosidine levels between patients with and without endothelial dysfunction.Conclusions: sRAGE and pentosidine levels are similar in patients with obesity with and without prediabetes and do not correlate to the markers of micro- and macrovascular complications.     

糖尿病前期中医证型及证素特点分析＊

目的 探讨糖尿病前期的中医证型及证素分布特点。方法 检索中国知网、万方及维普三大数据库中收录的自建库以来有关糖尿病前期证型的临床研究文献，对中医证型进行规范整理，建立数据库，提取证素，运用数据挖掘技术中的关联分析、聚类分析探究证素分布规律。结果 共纳入10篇文献，总有效病例1620例，证型经规范处理后整理为18个，主要证型为脾虚痰湿证。共提取证素13个，主要病位证素为脾，主要病性证素为气虚、湿和痰，关联分析显示脾—湿支持度和置信度最高，聚类分析结果可得到3个聚类组。结论 糖尿病前期病位在脾，气虚、脾、痰、湿是常见证素，临床诊治糖尿病前期应注重从脾论治，需辨证施治。     

Exercise and Lifestyle Education program for Brazilians living with prediabetes and diabetes: A pilot randomized trial

AimsTo test the Diabetes College Brazil Study feasibility, the acceptability of study interventions and their preliminary effectiveness, and describe the study protocol modifications due to the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsSingle-center, double-blinded pilot randomized trial with two parallel groups, Exercise and Lifestyle Education (ExLE; 12-week exercise and educational interventions) and Exercise (Ex; 12-week exercise intervention only) involving patients with prediabetes or diabetes. Feasibility (eligibility, recruitment, retention, completeness of variables measures and participation rates), acceptability (satisfaction), and preliminary effectiveness of interventions (variables: functional capacity, physical activity (PA), exercise self-efficacy, diabetes knowledge, health literacy, adherence to Mediterranean food pattern, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), anthropometric measures, cardiac autonomic control, depression, and quality of life (QofL)).ResultsEligibility, recruitment, retention, participation in exercise sessions, and education classes rates were 17%, 93%,82%, 76%, and 71%, respectively. Missing data in the post-intervention assessment (PA, HbA1c, cardiac autonomic control, anthropometric measures, depression, and QofL) were mainly related to research procedure modifications. The interventions were highly acceptable, and most variables improved farther in the ExLE, with moderate effect sizes for PA, diabetes knowledge, health literacy, cardiac autonomic control, and QofL.ConclusionsThe Diabetes College Brazil Study is feasible, and the ExLE may benefit Brazilians living with prediabetes and diabetes.     

Low interleukin-2 receptor levels in serum of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes

Interleukin-2 receptors are released in the circulation in response to antigenic or mytogenic stimulation of T-lymphocytes. Abnormal serum interleukin-2 receptor levels have been found in young children with type 1 diabetes and prediabetes. We measured interleukin-2 receptor levels in 17 patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes, 21 patients with long-standing type 1 diabetes, 19 patients with long-standing type 2 diabetes, 19 islet-cell antibody positive nondiabetic polyendocrine patients, 12 islet-cell antibody-positive first-degree relatives of patients with type 1 diabetes and compared the results to age- and sex-matched normal controls. We found significantly lower interleukin-2 receptor levels in patients with newly diagnosed and long-standing type 1 diabetes compared to normal controls (87 ± 11 and 93 ± 11 vs. 142 ± 25 and 132 ± 40 U/ml, P < 0.001 and P < 0.01). There were no significant differences in interleukin-2 receptor levels between prediabetic groups and normal controls or patients with long-standing type 1 or type 2 diabetes. There was no correlation between glycosylated hemoglobin, blood glucose levels, and interleukin-2 receptor in the groups with long-standing type 1 or type 2 diabetes. We conclude that patients with type 1 diabetes have low interleukin-2 receptor serum levels. This phenomenon is acquired close to disease onset and is unlikely to be an early markers of type 1 diabetes.Abbreviations JDf Juvenile Diabetes foundation - ICA⁺ islet-cell antibody positive - IDDM insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus - IL-2R® interleukin-2 receptors - NIDDM non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus Correspondence to: R. Wagner     

二甲双胍对糖尿病前期患者血清C反应蛋白及胰岛素敏感指数的影响

目的:观察糖尿病前期患者应用二甲双胍降糖治疗或强化生活方式干预前后血清、高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)及胰岛素敏感指数水平变化情况。方法:筛选糖尿病前期患者176例,随机分成二甲双胍治疗组、强化生活方式干预组和对照组,二甲双胍治疗组52例,在一般生活方式干预基础上给予二甲双胍片口服;强化生活方式干预组60例,根据个人饮食习惯为基础,制定热能。给予低脂饮食,控制饮食,配合适当的体育锻炼。对照组64例,仅给予一般生活方式干预。测定干预治疗前后的空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、糖化血红蛋白、体重指数、血脂、hs-CRP、胰岛素敏感指数变化。结果:经干预治疗2年后,对照组糖耐量转为正常21例(32.81%),转为糖尿病12例(18.75%);二甲双胍组糖耐量转为正常41例(78.85%),转为糖尿病3例(5.77%),强化生活方式干预组转为正常32例(53.33%),转为糖尿病4例(6.67%)。与对照组相比,二甲双胍组及强化生活方式干预组的糖尿病发生率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预治疗2年后,二甲双胍治疗组及强化生活方式干预组各项指标均有明显变化,且二甲双胍治疗组效果优于强化生活方式干预组(P<0.01)。结论:糖尿病前期时,血清hs-CRP水平已经开始升高,且胰岛素敏感性下降,二甲双胍降糖治疗或强化生活方式干预均能明显减低血糖,并降低血清C反应蛋白(CRP)水平,改善胰岛素敏感性,二甲双胍作用更明显。     

中医体质类型与糖尿病前期相关性研究的系统评价及Meta分析

目的：探讨糖尿病前期中医体质分布规律,确定该病常见的高危体质类型,为今后的临床和科学研究提供循证证据。方法：检索国家知识基础设施数据库（CNKI）、中国生物医学文献数据库（CBM）、中国学术期刊数据库（CSPD）及中文科技期刊数据库（CCD）、PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science数据库,纳入所有评价糖尿病前期与中医体质的相关性的临床研究文献。采用Strata 14.0软件进行横断面研究的单个率的Meta分析,Review Manager 5.3软件进行病例对照研究的Meta分析,用比值比(OR)和95%置信区间(CI)描述效应值。2位独立的评价者对纳入研究的方法学质量进行评估。结果：共纳入41项研究,样本量总计9 611例。痰湿质、平和质、阴虚质、气虚质分别占糖尿病前期人群的22%(18%～25%)、17%(13%～20%)、16%(13%～19%)和11%(11%～15%)。病例对照研究的Meta分析显示,痰湿质、阴虚质人群糖尿病前期发病风险的OR值分别是2.86(1.84~4.45)和2.33(1.48~3.68)。糖尿病前期人群在不同地区、年龄、性别方面,中医体质类型分布差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论：痰湿质、平和质、阴虚质、气虚质是糖尿病前期人群最常见的体质,其中痰湿质、阴虚质可能是糖尿病前期发病的危险因素,平和质可能是糖尿病前期的保护因素。     

Association of body mass index with risk of prediabetes in Chinese adults: A population‐based cohort study

Aims/IntroductionOverweight and obesity in adults are strongly associated with an increased risk of prediabetes, and this study set out to gain a better understanding of the optimal body mass index (BMI) range for assessing the risk of prediabetes in the Chinese population.Materials and MethodsThe cohort study included 100,309 Chinese adults who underwent health screening. Participants were divided into six groups based on the cut‐off point for BMI recommended by the World Health Organization (underweight: <18.5 kg/m², normal‐weight: 18.5–24.9 kg/m², pre‐obese: 25.0–29.9 kg/m², obese class I: 30.0–34.9 kg/m², obese class II: 35.0–39.9 kg/m², and obese class III ≥40 kg/m²). The association of BMI with prediabetes and the shape of the correlation were modeled using multivariate Cox regression and restricted cubic spline regression, respectively.ResultsIn the multivariate Cox regression model, with normal weight as the control group, underweight people had a lower risk of developing prediabetes, whereas obese and pre‐obese people had a higher risk of prediabetes. Additionally, in the restricted cubic spline model, we found that the association of BMI with prediabetes follows a positive dose–response relationship, but does not conform to the pattern of obesity paradox. Among the general population in China, a BMI of 23.03 kg/m² might be a potential intervention threshold for prediabetes.ConclusionsThe national cohort study found that the association of BMI with prediabetes follows a positive dose–response relationship, rather than a pattern of obesity paradox. For Chinese people with normal weight, more attention should be paid to glucose metabolism when BMI exceeds 23.03 kg/m².     

Impact of direct acting antivirals (DAAs) on cardiovascular events in HCV cohort with pre-diabetes

Background and aimsBeyond type 2 diabetes, even a condition of prediabetes is associated with an increased cardiovascular (CV) risk, and HCV infection coexistence represents an exacerbating factor. CV prognosis improvement in prediabetes represents a challenge, due to the increasing prevalence of this metabolic condition worldwide. Hence, we aimed to prospectively assess how direct acting antivirals (DAAs) could affect major cardiovascular events (MACE) in a prediabetic HCV positive cohort.Methods and resultsIn this prospective multicenter study, we enrolled HCV patients with overt prediabetes. We compared a subgroup of patients treated with DAAs with untreated prediabetic controls. We recorded all CV events occurred during an overall median follow-up of 24 months (IQR 19–34). 770 HCV positive prediabetic patients were enrolled, 398 untreated controls and 372 DAAs treated patients. Overall, the CV events annual incidence was much higher among prediabetic treated patients (1.77 vs. 0.62, p < 0.001), and HCV clearance demonstrated to significantly reduce CV events (RR: 0.411, 95%CI 0.148–1.143; p < 0.001), with an estimated NNT for one additional patient to benefit of 52.1. Moreover, an independent association between a lower rate of CV events and HCV clearance after DAAs was observed (OR 4.67; 95%CI 0.44–53.95; p = 0.016).ConclusionsHCV eradication by DAAs allows a significant reduction of MACEs in the prediabetic population, and therefore represents a primary objective, regardless of the severity of liver disease and CV risk factors.     

Clearing hepatitis C virus with direct antiviral agents reduces cardiovascular events in patients with prediabetes. Commentary to Sasso and colleagues

Liver health is a key determinant of cardiovascular risk (CVR). Hepatic fibrosis is the shared common result of chronic hepatitis, irrespective of aetiology. Fibrosis profoundly distorts liver tissue architecture and perturbs hepatic physiology, dictates the course of chronic liver disease and is increasingly recognized as a CVR factor. The relative weights of pre-diabetes and hepatic fibrosis as risk factors for major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in patients with HCV remain an open issue. Sasso and Colleagues answered this research question by treating approximately half of 770 HCV positive pre-diabetic patients with direct antiviral agents (DAAs), while the rest served as historical controls. Data have shown that achieving HCV clearance with DAAs was associated with a 60% reduced risk of MACE, thereby implying that this antiviral strategy is recommended in HCV positive pre-diabetic patients, regardless of the severity of liver disease and concurrent CVR factors. This study paves the way for additional studies addressing the molecular patho-mechanisms and changes in the clinical spectrum involved in cardio-metabolic protection following HCV eradication in patients with pre-diabetes.