持续弹性外牵引矫正乳头内陷

目的 探索一种行之有效的、微创的乳头内陷矫正方法。方法 用钢丝、弹簧和塑料注射器制成弹性可调式的乳头内陷矫治器，利用弹性牵引作用，持续牵拉内陷乳头3～6个月。结果 14例患者均得以矫正，并获得良好的近期效果。1例患者因左侧乳头内陷严重，治疗2周时钢丝接近脱出乳头而更换矫治器并延长佩戴时间。随访患者6～12个月。效果稳定。结论 弹性可调式乳头内陷矫治器用于先天性乳头内陷的治疗，近期临床效果较好，为目前较佳的非手术治疗乳头内陷的方法，但其机理和远期效果还需进一步研究和观察。     

微小切口双重荷包缝合法矫正重度乳头内陷

目的 介绍一种疗效确切,创伤小,矫正重度乳头内陷的新术式.方法 设计切口位于乳晕第四象限,方向斜向外下方,呈放射状切口,长约1.5 cm,松解乳头基底部,切断牵拉的纤维条索,上提乳头,在距乳头0.8cm和1.5cm处,双重荷包缝合固定.结果 12例乳头内陷患者术后随访1个月至4年,均获得满意疗效.乳头横径、纵径、高度及外观明显改善.结论 该术式矫正乳头内陷具有切口小、创伤轻微、操作简单易行、效果确切、不易复发和并发症少等优点.     

Mammaplasty: Shape,volume, and scar size

Recently many mammaplasty techniques have been presented with special attention paid to the resulting scar's size and its position. The surgeon should try to hid the scar, and if the inverted T incision is used, its horizontal branch should be as short as possible and kept in the breast area. Neverthelss, excessive concern about the final scar size should not interfere with the final results of the mammaplasty as far as shape, volume and lasting results are concerned. The author presents his experience in mammaplasty with respect to the volume, the shape, and the scar size interrelationships.     

三维CT及X线卵圆孔定位射频热凝治疗顽固性三叉神经痛

目的：探讨三维CT及X线卵圆孔定位在三叉神经痛射频热凝治疗中的应用及手术技巧。方法：Hartel前入路穿刺法，仰卧位，对38例三叉神经痛病人，于射频热凝治疗术中应用三维CT及X线卵圆孔定位，以明确卵圆孔的位置，调整穿刺针的方向和深度，然后进行温控热凝射频治疗。结果：穿刺针均位于卵圆孔内，病人疼痛即刻缓解，无严重并发症发生。结论：三维CT及X线卵圆孔定位弥补了徒手穿刺的缺陷，提高了卵圆孔穿刺的成功率和精确性，增加了操作的安全性，降低了并发症的发生，具有一定的学术价值，可供临床推广应用。     

腰椎椎弓崩裂CT征象的临床诊断价值

目的分析腰椎椎弓峡部裂的CT表现,探讨各个征象的诊断价值和意义.方法自可疑椎弓峡部裂脊椎的椎弓根的上缘至下一个椎弓根上缘,层厚2～3mm连续扫描.结果86例中发生L5椎弓峡部裂51例,L4者33例,L3,者2例.各种CT征象发现率为:环裂征91%,椎体前移征85%,双椎体征50%,椎管拉长征45%,双关节面征38%,葫芦征26%,游移征15%,磨旋征6%.结论环裂征是该病的特征性表现;双关节面征及葫芦征发现率较低,但特异性较高.椎管拉长征具有一定诊断价值,其它征象无论其发现率大小,均是该病的继发改变,不能作为确诊的直接依据.     

乳腺三角瓣交叉支撑法矫治乳头内陷

目的介绍一种矫治乳头内陷的新方法。方法采用乳头基底部乳腺组织三角瓣,交叉缝合支撑乳头基底,防止乳头内陷,保持乳头外凸形态。结果应用本方法矫治乳头内陷13例24侧,效果满意。随访2~8个月,乳头功能正常,外形、高度均理想,无回缩。结论本方法简单安全,效果持久,均能获得满意的效果。     

Pathology of inverted Takotsubo cardiomyopathy

Myocardial dysfunction without coronary involvement may occur in acute cerebral diseases. The inverted Takotsubo pattern has been recently recognized as a novel heart neurologic stress-related syndrome. We report on the case of a 40-year-old woman presenting with massive subarachnoid hemorrhage and brain death. Echocardiography revealed an extensive left ventricular circumferential akinesis except at the apex. Histologic analysis of the heart confirmed the absence of myocardial infarction and revealed only sparse foci of myocyte necrosis with contraction bands in the akinetic areas.     

Inverted terminal repeat sequences of adeno-associated virus enhance the antibody and CD8(+) responses to a HIV-1 p55Gag/LAMP DNA vaccine chimera

The immune responses to an HIV-1 p55Gag vaccine encoded as a DNA chimera with the lysosomal associated membrane protein-1 (LAMP) have been examined for the effect of the addition of the inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequences of the adeno-associated virus (AAV) to the DNA plasmid construct, and of packaging the LAMP/gag gene as a recombinant AAV vector (rAAV). DNA plasmids encoding Gag and the LAMP/Gag protein chimera were constructed in two vectors, the pcDNA3.1 and a corresponding plasmid containing the ITR sequences (pITR) flanking the expression elements of the plasmid, and the pITR LAMP/gag DNA plasmid was encapsidated in the rAAV vector. Human 293 cells transfected in vitro with LAMP/gag plasmids either in pcDNA3.1 or pITR produced much Gag protein in cell extracts (1.6 and 2.2 ng of Gag/mg of protein, respectively). The immune responses of mice to immunization with these constructs were examined under three protocols: DNA prime/DNA boost, DNA prime/rAAV boost, and a single rAAV immunization. The results demonstrated that under DNA prime/DNA boost protocol, the "naked" DNA vaccines encoding the LAMP/gag chimera, either as pcDNA3.1 or pITR DNA plasmid constructs, elicited strong CD4(+) T cell responses. In contrast, significantly higher levels of CD8(+) and antibody responses were observed with the pITR-DNA constructs. Immunization with the rAAV vector under the DNA prime/rAAV boost protocol resulted in sustained T cell responses and a markedly increased antibody response, predominantly of the IgG(1) isotype resulting from the activation of the Th2 subset of CD4(+) T cells, that was sustained for at least 5 months after immunization.     

Short inverted repeats function as hotspots of intermolecular recombination giving rise to oligomers of deleted plastid DNAs (ptDNAs)

We have determined the nucleotide sequences around the junction points of oligomeric-deleted ptDNAs possessing a head-to-head or tail-to-tail configuration from long-term cultured cell lines and albino plants. It was shown that DNA rearrangement occurred by direct fusion of deleted ptDNAs in an inverted orientation, which was linked by an asymmetrical sequence of 254–698 bp derived from either of the ptDNAs joined. It is notable that inverted repeats of 7–14 bp flank the asymmetrical sequences at each of the junction points. These features of the DNA sequence around the junction points are commonly observed in oligomeric ptDNA with a large-scale deletion regardless of the cell lines employed. It is suggested that the short inverted repeats are involved in the intermolecular recombination of ptDNA. Received: 1 July / 21 October 1996