线粒体脑肌病伴高乳酸血症和卒中样发作的诊断

目的 分析总结线粒体脑肌病伴高乳酸血症和卒中样发作(MELAS)的临床表现和辅助检查结果,探讨在MELAS诊断中存在的问题,提出MELAS早期临床诊断的可行性.方法 归纳总结34例MELAS患者的临床表现,寻找对MELAS患者相对特异的症状组合.同时总结分析各项辅助检查结果,结合文献复习解读血和脑脊液的乳酸水平、神经影像、肌肉活体组织检查(活检)和基因检查对于MELAS诊断的意义和局限性.结果 本组患者最常见的临床表现依次为:癫癎发作、头痛、智能下降、卒中样发作、发育异常、四肢无力和易疲劳、眼肌麻痹.血空腹乳酸或运动后乳酸升高23例(67.6%).32例头颅MRI异常的患者最常见的受累部位依次为枕叶、顶叶、颞叶、基底节、额叶、小脑和深部白质.32例患者行肌肉活检,有阳性发现的共24例(75%),阴性的8例(25%).14例患者行基因检查,9例发现A3243G位点突变,5例未发现该位点突变.结论 认识MELAS的各种临床表现,争取在卒中样发作出现前早期诊断是完全可行的.     

乳酸血症和脑卒中样发作为主要临床表现的线粒体脑肌病(附1例报道)

目的报道线粒体脑肌病伴高乳酸血症和脑卒中样发作(MELAS)病1例,进行相关文献复习,探讨其临床表现、生化、影像学和组织病理学检查在该疾病诊断中作用。方法对线粒体脑肌病伴高乳酸血症和脑卒中样发作(MELAS)患者的临床表现、辅助检查、影像学、组织病理学、免疫组化等情况进行分析。结果 MELAS患者的主要临床表现为发作性头痛、脑卒中样发作、高乳酸血症;脑MRI示病灶位于顶叶、枕叶、颞叶脑回处;肌肉活检见肌纤维变性、破碎样改变以及异常线粒体。结论血乳酸、影像学及肌肉活检在诊断MELAS时有重要的诊断价值,但都缺乏特异表现,需要结合临床和各种检查结果而确诊。     

抗线粒体抗体在线粒体脑肌病伴高乳酸血症和脑卒中样发作综合征患者肌纤维中的免疫组织化学表达

目的 探讨抗线粒体抗体(anti-mitochondrial antibody,AMA)在线粒体腩肌病伴高乳酸血症和脑卒巾样发作(MELAS)综合征患者肌肉组织中的免疫组织化学表达特点及其诊断价值.方法 收集经临床、病理以及基因检测确诊的MELAS综合征患者10例,以2名肌肉病理正常者和3例肌肉活体组织检查发现坏死肌纤维的非线粒体病患者作为对照组,对所有15例肌肉冰冻组织标本行AMA免疫组织化学染色.结果 普通光镜下观察发现MELAS患者骨骼肌AMA免疫组织化学染色可见大量不整棕褐色肌纤维(ragged brown fibers,RBF),其形态类似MGT染色下的不整红边纤维(ragged red fibers,RRF).而对照组未发现RBF.结论 AMA免疫组织化学下的RBF是线粒体异常增生的特异性表现,同MGT染色下的RRF类似,可以作为诊断线粒体病异常线粒体的病理学指标.     

以乳酸血症和脑卒中样发作为主要临床表现的线粒体脑肌病

目的：报告线粒体脑肌病伴高乳酸血症和腩卒中样发作（MELAS）病1例,进行相关文献复习并探讨其临床表现、影像学和组织病理学特征。方法：对线粒体脑肌病MELAS患者的临床表现、影像学、组织病理学、免疫组化结果、辅助检查等情况进行分析,同时参考国内外文献对该病的报道。结果：MELAS的主要临床表现为发作性头痛和呕吐、全身性癫痫、精神障碍、脑卒中样发作、血乳酸增高;肌电图示神经源性改变;脑MRI示病灶多位于顶、枕、颞脑回处;肌肉活检见破碎样红纤维和异常线粒体,符合线粒体脑肌病MELAS的特征。结论：线粒体脑肌病MELAS的诊断主要根据临床表现和影像学特点,肌肉活检可确诊。     

MELAS型线粒体脑肌病的临床、影像学和肌肉病理分析

目的 探讨MELAS型线粒体脑肌病的临床表现、影像学特点和肌肉组织病理学改变,提高人们对本病的认识.方法 回顾性分析5例MELAS型线粒体脑肌病的临床表现、脑影像学改变(MRI和CT),以及骨骼肌活检的组织病理学特点.结果 MELAS型线粒体脑肌病的主要临床表现为局灶性或全身性癫NFDCC发作、听觉和视觉障碍、运动不能耐受、认知功能障碍、脑卒中样发作、血乳酸水平升高等.脑影像学检查可见病灶多位于颞、枕、顶叶皮层脑回处,脑MRI表现为长T1、长T2信号,部分患者头颅CT可见基底节钙化.骨骼肌活检5例患者肌肉组织中均可见破碎红边纤维(RRF),2例行电镜检查均可见异常线粒体聚集.结论 MELAS型线粒体脑肌病是一种以高乳酸血症和卒中样发作为特征的脑和肌肉能量代谢障碍综合征.患者临床表现复杂多样,容易造成误诊,其诊断需在临床表现和影像学特点的基础上,结合骨骼肌活检病理检查发现RRF或异常线粒体聚集,可获得临床确诊.     

线粒体脑肌病伴有高乳酸血症和卒中样发作综合征的临床及基因突变分析

目的 探讨线粒体脑肌病伴有高乳酸血症和卒中样发作综合征(MELAS)的临床及基因突变特征. 方法 对1例MELAS患者的临床表现、影像学、肌肉病理特点进行分析,并用PCR-RFLP结合基因测序方法进行线粒体基因突变分析. 结果 患者主要临床表现为发作性头痛和呕吐、反复卒中样发作、癫痫、运动不耐受、身材矮小、神经性耳聋、乳酸水平升高等.脑CT见双侧基底节多个钙化灶,MRI见枕叶异常信号,1H-MRS见T2WI异常信号区域有明显的乳酸峰,在T2正常信号区域也有小的乳酸峰.光镜及电镜肌肉病理检查未见明显的线粒体异常,基因检测显示mtDNA A3243G杂合突变. 结论 MELAS的诊断必须结合临床表现、影像学、病理学和基因突变检测等结果进行综合分析,病理学检查阴性不能否定MELAS的诊断,诊断MELAS应常规进行mtDNA突变分析.     

以进行性听力下降为首发症状的线粒体脑肌病伴高乳酸血症和卒中样发作1例报道

目的 探讨以进行性听力下降为首发症状的线粒体脑肌病伴高乳酸血症和卒中样发作综合征(Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes,MELAS)的发病特点及其可能的机制,以提高临床医师对MELAS的认识,并进行早期诊断及治疗。方法 分析1例以进行性听力下降为首发症状的MELAS患者的临床资料,并复习相关文献。结果 患者,21岁,女性,以进行性听力下降起病,之后出现反复头痛、癫痫发作及脑卒中样发作,颅脑MRI显示右侧颞顶叶异常信号,MRS显示高乳酸双峰,线粒体相关基因检测显示m.A3243G异质性突变,最终明确诊断为MELAS。结论 MELAS早期症状不典型,对于一些不明原因的听力下降者应当高度警惕该病,尽早完善相关检查以明确诊断。     

以癫(癎)持续状态起病的线粒体脑肌病合并乳酸血症与脑卒中样发作的临床特征分析

目的:探讨以癫(癎)持续状态起病的线粒体脑肌病合并乳酸血症与脑卒中样发作(MELAS)患者的临床、脑电图、影像学及肌肉病理等特点.方法:对收治并最终确诊为MELAS的6例(年龄13-40岁)病例进行总结、分析其临床与脑电图相关特征.结果:6例患者均以癫(癎)持续状态起病,头颅MRI提示脑实质内异常病灶,发作间期脑电图检查提示相应区域有(癎)样放电,肌肉活检见破碎红纤维(RRF).结论:对青少年及成人起病的难治性或进展性癫(癎),临床诊断应考虑线粒体疾病的可能.MELAS患者由于存在线粒体功能损害与ATP能量供应障碍,其神经细胞更易遭受兴奋性毒性侵害,应尽早选择合适的抗癫(癎)药物干预以阻止癫(癎)持续状态的发生.     

尿液线粒体基因检测诊断线粒体脑肌病伴乳酸酸中毒和卒中样发作1例报告

正线粒体脑肌病伴乳酸酸中毒和卒中样发作(MELAS)是由于线粒体DNA突变导致的最常见的线粒体病,文献报道多由外周血、肌肉检测到致病突变,本文报道1例经尿液线粒体基因检测确诊的MELAS患儿临床及实验室资料,提高对儿童MELAS临床及基因检测手段的认识。1病例患儿,男,5岁4个月,因"运动障碍3年,左上眼睑下垂2.5年,间断抽搐6个月,频繁抽搐5 h"于2016年2月     

MELAS型线粒体脑肌病的MRI诊断价值

目的探讨MRI对MELAS型线粒体脑肌病的诊断价值。方法6例经临床诊断的MELAS型线粒体脑肌病行T1WI、T2WI、FLAIR、DWI检查。结果MRI显示病变范围广泛,多位于单侧或双侧的顶、枕、颞叶脑回皮质、皮质下白质的多发缺血样病灶,不按动脉供血区分布,还可见与年龄不相符的脑萎缩。结论MRI能显示MELAS型线粒体脑肌病的脑内病变部位、形态和范围,对临床诊断和治疗有重要价值。     

Sense of coherence as a predictor of subjective state of health: results of 4 years of follow-up of adults

A number of cross-sectional population studies have shown that a strong sense of coherence (SOC) is associated with various aspects of good perceived health. The association does not seem to be entirely attributable to underlying associations of SOC with other variables, such as age or level of education. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study reported here was to determine whether SOC predicted subjective state of health. METHODS: The study was carried out as a two-way panel mail survey of 1976 individuals with 4 years interval for two collections of data. The statistical method used was multivariate cumulative logistic modeling. Age, initial subjective state of health, initial occupational training level, and initial degree of social integration were included as potential explanatory variables. RESULTS: A strong SOC predicted good health in women and men. CONCLUSIONS: SOC can be interpreted as an autonomous internal resource contributing to a favorable development of subjective state of health. SOC data should, however, be regarded as complementary to and not a substitute for information already known to be associated with increased risk of future ill health.     

Bibliography of officers of department of mental hygiene

Psychiatric Quarterly -     

Denervation study of synapses of organ of corti of old world monkeys

Fine structural characteristics of synapses in the spiral organ of Corti were examined, with reference to differences between inner and outer haircell systems, and to location of neurons of origin of efferent axons. Surgical interruption of crossed olivocochlear bundle, of vestibular nerve, of facial nerve, and excision of superior cervical ganglia were used to determine the pathways of efferent axons. Interruption of the vestibular nerve near the brainstem results in degeneration of all efferent terminals on outer hair cells. Mid-line lesions at, and caudal to, the facial colliculus result in degeneration of about half of these efferent terminals. Efferent synaptic bulbs to the inner hair-cell system are small, of the order of one micron, and form type 2 junctions with afferent dendrites. They tend to have more large dense-core vesicles (about 80 nm) than the large efferent terminals of the outer hair-cell system, and appear to be the terminals of axons in the habenula perforata, which exhibit varicosities laden with large dense core vesicles. The varicosities are unaffected by excision of the superior cervical ganglia. So far as our material can reveal, it appears that the varicosities in the habenula perforata do not survive vestibular root interruption, nor do the efferent processes in the internal spiral bundle or at the base of inner hair cells. Most interestingly, the afferent processes of the inner hair-cell system, as identified for example by their relation to pre-synaptic bodies in the inner hair cells, are subject to a trans-synaptic reaction after severance of the vestibular root. They undergo a dramatic cytological transformation, characterized by increase of volume, engorgement with microtubules, microfilaments, microvesicles of various sizes, and clusters of lysosomes. Thus, both the efferent and afferent terminals of the inner hair-cell system show marked cytological differences from the corresponding terminals of the outer hair cell system.     

Mechanism of action of tubocurarine on nicotinic cholinoreceptors of neurons of the sympathetic ganglia of rats

Tubocurarine (Tc) effect on membrane currents elicited by acetylcholine (ACh) was studied in isolated superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat using patch-clamp method in the whole-cell recording mode. The "use-dependent" block of ACh current by Tc was revealed in the experiments with ACh applications, indicating that Tc blocked the channels opened by ACh. Mean lifetime of Tc-open channel complex, tau, was found to be 9.8 +/- 0.5 s (n = 7) at -50 mV and 20-24 degrees C. tau exponentially increased with membrane hyperpolarization (e-fold change in tau corresponded to the membrane potential shift by 61 mV). Inhibition of the ACh-induced current by Tc (3-30 microM/1) was completely abolished by membrane depolarization to the level of 80-100 mV. Inhibition of ACh-induced current was augmented at increased ACh doses. It is concluded that the open channel block produced by Tc is likely to be the only mechanism for Tc action on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat.