颅神经血管压迫综合征的手术治疗探讨

目的:探讨用微血管减压术治疗三叉神经痛,面肌痉挛,舌咽神经痛等神经血管压迫综合征治疗方法临床经验。方法:系统回顾1999年至2005年我们采用微血管减压术治疗神经血管压迫综合征病例420例,其中三叉神经痛282例,面肌痉挛120例,舌咽神经痛18例结果:总有效406例,有效率96.7%,本组无死亡。结论:微血管减压术是治疗颅神经血管压迫综合征的有效方法。     

Symptomatic cranial neuralgias in multiple sclerosis: clinical features and treatment

In multiple sclerosis, neuropathic pain is a frequent condition, negatively influencing the overall quality of life. Cranial neuralgias, including trigeminal, glossopharyngeal neuralgias, as well as occipital neuralgia, are typical expression of neuropathic pain. Neuralgias are characterised by paroxysmal painful attacks of electric shock-like sensation, occurring spontaneously or evoked by innocuous stimuli in specific trigger areas. In multiple sclerosis, demyelination in the centrally myelinated part of the cranial nerve roots plays an important role in the origin of neuralgic pain. These painful syndromes arising in multiple sclerosis are therefore considered "symptomatic", in contrast to classic cranial neuralgias, in which no cause other than a neurovascular contact is identified. At this time, the evidence on the management of symptomatic cranial neuralgias in multiple sclerosis is fragmentary and a comprehensive review addressing this topic is still lacking. For that reason, treatment is often based on personal clinical experience as well as on anecdotal reports. The aim of this review is to critically summarise the latest findings regarding the pathogenesis, the diagnosis, the instrumental evaluation and the medical as well as neurosurgical treatment of symptomatic trigeminal, glossopharyngeal and occipital neuralgia in multiple sclerosis, providing useful insights for neurologists and neurosurgeons and a broad range of specialists potentially involved in the treatment of these painful syndromes.     

三叉神经痛合并舌咽神经痛的神经外科治疗(附三例报道)

三叉神经痛是面部神经痛中最常见的一种,其特征为局限于三叉神经一支或多支面部分布区的短暂性发作性的尖锐撕裂样剧痛,缓解期如常人,常有扳机点,病程一般较长,无神经系统阳性体征.     

选择性射频热凝治疗三叉神经痛

目的:对147例采用选择性射频热凝治疗三叉神经痛病例疗效进行分析讨论.方法:仰卧位,Hartel前入路穿刺法,局部浸润麻醉,刺中三叉神经节后以温控射频热凝对靶点毁损.作者对此项技术作了部分改进.结果:疗效优良112例,良好28例,无变化7例,总有效率95.2%.结论:认为改进后的方法简便、安全、有效、对老年人更为适宜.每次毁损参数以温度60～75℃,热凝时间2～4min为好.     

微血管减压治疗颅神经血管压迫综合症（附1470例报告）

目的：探讨用微血管减压术治疗三叉神经痛,面肌痉挛、舌咽神经痛等神经血管压迫综合征治疗方法改进措施和提高治疗效果的临床经验,方法：系统回顾1984年至1999年我们采用微血管减压术治疗神经血管压迫综合征证病例1470例,其中三叉神经痛1120例,面肌痉挛320例,舌咽神经痛30例。结果：总有效1421例,有效率96.7%,本组无死亡。并发症发生率由5年前5.6%下降到近5年的1.6%。结论：提高微血管减压术的治愈率、减少并发症有多方面因素值得考虑。     

微血管减压术治疗脑神经血管压迫综合征

目的 总结和分析微血管减压术(MVD)治疗脑神经血管压迫综合征的疗效与术后并发症. 方法 应用MVD治疗脑神经血管压迫综合征39例(三又神经痛19例,面肌痉挛18例,舌咽神经痛2例)并探讨手术技巧及术后并发症的防治.结果 2例舌咽神经痛患者和17例三叉神经痛患者术后疼痛立即消失,面肌痉挛患者中有16例术后痉挛立即消失.术后无血肿、感染、脑脊液漏、偏瘫和死亡病例.34例获随访,平均随访1.58年,其中32例效果良好. 结论 MVD治疗脑神经血管压迫综合征安全、微创、有效,是目前治疗脑神经血管压迫综合征的首选方法.     

Percutaneous radiofrequency Gasserian ganglion coagulation in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia

Fifty-three patients with trigeminal neuralgia were treated with percutaneous radiofrequency Gasserian ganglion coagulation. An individually adjusted degree of coagulation was applied. The procedure was successful in 45 patients (85%). The median follow-up was two years; only two of the remaining 45 patients had relapse of symptoms. Four patients experienced side effects consisting of troublesome facial dysaesthesia. Our data indicate that percutaneous radiofrequency coagulation of the Gasserian ganglion is a safe and reliable procedure in the treatment of medication resistant trigeminal neuralgia.     

颅神经血管压迫综合征微血管减压术治疗探讨

目的探讨用微血管减压术治疗三叉神经痛、面肌痉挛、舌咽神经痛等颅神经血管压迫综合征的临床经验。方法系统回顾1999年至2005年我们采用微血管减压术治疗神经血管压迫综合征病例420例，其中三叉神经痛282例，面肌痉挛120例．舌咽神经痛18例。结果总有效406例，有效率96．67％，本组无死亡病例。结论微血管减压术是治疗颅神经血管压迫综合征的有效方法。     

锁孔下颅神经显微血管减压手术技巧及疗效分析：附513 例报告

目的 总结锁孔下微血管减压手术治疗原发性颅神经疾患的手术技巧及疗效.方法 回顾性分析2005年1月~2016年1月采用微血管减压术治疗原发性颅神经疾患513例(三叉神经痛263例、面肌痉挛234例、舌咽神经痛患者16例)的手术技巧及并发症的防治.结果 本组无死亡病例及其他严重并发症发生,三叉神经痛患者手术治愈率为94.67%,面肌痉挛手术治愈率为97.01%,舌咽神经痛治愈率为75.00%.结论 显微血管减压术是治疗原发性颅神经疾患的可靠方法,熟练的显微外科技术和丰富的手术经验及对于解剖的熟悉程度是手术治疗颅神经疾患的基础.     

颅神经血管压迫综合征手术治疗的探讨

目的总结采用微血管减压术治疗原发性三叉神经痛、面肌痉挛和舌咽神经痛等颅神经血管压迫综合征的临床治疗经验。方法系统回顾2006年1月至2009年3月采用微血管减压术治疗颅神经血管压迫综合征患者256例,其中三叉神经痛134例,面肌痉挛117例,舌咽神经痛5例。结果三叉神经痛患者手术有效率为94.8%,面肌痉挛患者为96.6%,5例舌咽神经痛患者术后症状均消失。本组术后发生轻度不良反应者15例,占5.9%;发生较重并发症6例,占2.3%,没有死亡病例。术后有效的患者中,168例获得随访,平均随访36个月,复发12例,复发率为7.1%。结论微血管减压术是治疗颅神经血管压迫综合征的有效方法,良好的外科手术技能可有效地降低术后并发症的发生。     

微血管减压术治疗功能性脑神经疾病(附496例临床分析)

目的探讨微血管减压术治疗功能性脑神经疾病的临床价值、手术中的处理选择及并发症的预防。方法采用耳后小切口微血管减压术治疗功能性脑神经疾496例,共504例次手术,三叉神经痛408例,共进行了416例次手术;面肌痉挛82例;舌咽神经痛6例。术中根据血管与神经的压迫关系分为单纯接触、袢状压迫、黏连包绕和贯穿等4型,并根据不同的压迫类型进行不同的处理。结果本组经1年以上随访,三叉神经痛第一次术后疼痛立即消失312例,明显进步59例,进步24例,无效6例,复发6例。面肌痉挛术后62例抽搐停止,19例术后仍有面部不同程度的抽搐,3例病人无效。舌咽神经痛术后疼痛均消失,无复发。结论微血管减压术治疗功能性脑神经疾病效果肯定,其疗效与血管压迫神经的类型有关。     

微血管减压术治疗原发性典型与不典型三叉神经痛对比研究

目的探讨原发性典型与不典型三叉神经痛微血管减压术治疗的临床效果。方法选择原发性典型与不典型三叉神经痛患者各40例,在全身麻醉气管插管下完成微血管减压术,比较2组术中所见血管压迫来源、压迫程度及血管压迫位置。结果典型三叉神经痛组压迫血管来源为单纯动脉占85.0%,显著高于非典型三叉神经痛组的57.5%(P0.05);来源为动静脉混合占15.0%,显著低于非典型三叉神经痛组的42.5%(P0.05);典型三叉神经痛组血管与神经位置接触者显著高于非典型三叉神经痛者(P0.05),术中发生三叉神经出现萎缩者比例显著少于非典型三叉神经痛者(P0.05),典型三叉神经痛者其压迫血管在近端者显著多于非典型三叉神经痛者(P0.05),压迫血管在远端者显著少于非典型三叉神经痛者(P0.05)。结论原发性三叉神经痛实施血管减压术,术前鉴定其发病特点,在预测其压迫血管类型、位置及其与神经的关系具有一定临床价值。     

Lipoma Causing Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia: A Case Report and Review of Literature

The cerebello-pontine angle lipomas causing trigeminal neuralgia or hemifacial spasm are rare. A lipoma causing glossopharyngel neuralgia is also very rare. A 46-year-old woman complained of 2-year history of severe right throat pain, with ipsilateral episodic otalgic pain. The throat pain was described as an episodic lancinating character confined to the throat. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a suspicious offending posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) compressing lower cranial nerves including glossopharyngeal nerve. At surgery, a soft, yellowish mass (2×3×3 mm in size) was found incorporating the lateral aspect of proximal portion of 9th and 10th cranial nerves. Only microvascular decompression of the offending PICA was performed. Additional procedure was not performed. Her severe lancinating pain remained unchanged, immediate postoperatively. The neuralgic pain disappeared over a period of several weeks. In this particular patient with a fatty neurovascular lump causing glossopharyngeal neuralgia, microvascular decompression of offending vessel alone was enough to control the neuralgic pain.     

Trigeminal neuralgia induced by nitrofurantoin treatment

Zusammenfassung Bei einer 62jährigen, nicht urämischen Patientin setzten Anfälle einer typischen Trigeminusneuralgie kurz nach Beginn einer Nitrofurantoinbehandlung ein. Die Trigeminusneuralgie verschwand rasch, nachdem das Medikament abgesetzt wurde. Es wurde eine Idiosyncrasie als mögliche Ursache einer solchen Nebenwirkung des Nitrofurantoins in Erwägung gezogen.     

三叉神经痛发病机理研究

目的 研究微血管压迫引起三叉神经痛(TN)的发病机制。方法 连续分析50例TN患的临床特征、术中所见和手术疗效，包括扳机点的位置、疼痛范围、病程、血管压迫三叉神经根的部位与程度、术后疼痛缓解的进程与最终结果。结果 扳机点均位于TN的分布范围之内。随着病程延长，疼痛有转化为不典型的趋势，可出现间歇期疼痛或面部麻木。压迫血管以小脑上动脉、小脑前下动脉和动静脉同时压迫多见。压迫血管与三叉神经根之间可为接触、粘连、成角和轴性移位，压迫部位以内侧、外侧及多点压迫多见，而且压迫部位与压迫程度与TN的临床表现和手术疗效密切相关。结论 血管压迫部位决定了扳机点的位置及疼痛范围，压迫程度决定了手术疗效。血管压迫引起的神经根脱髓鞘以及由此引起的神经纤维直接接触、传导扩散和负反馈调节可能是TN的发病机制。     

选择性射频热凝治疗三叉神经痛1109例报告

目的：对１１０９例采用选择性射频热凝治疗三叉神经痛病例疗效进行分析讨论。方法：仰卧位,Ｈａｒｔｅｌ前入路穿刺法,局部浸润麻醉,刺中三叉神经节后以温控射频热凝对靶点毁损。作者对此技术作了部分改进。结果：疗效优良８５４例,良好２０２例,无变化５３例,总有效率９５．３％。结论：认为改进后的方法简便、安全、有效,对老年人更为适宜。每次毁损参数以温度６０～７５℃,热凝时间２～４ｍｉｎ为好。     

颅神经疾病微血管减压术患者的护理体会

目的探讨微血管减压术治疗颅神经疾病的手术前后的护理,使患者能很好地配合治疗,减轻患者术前恐惧、紧张心理,减少术后并发症,提高患者生活质量和增加疗效。方法对83例行微血管减压术的颅神经疾病患者,包括三叉神经痛、面肌痉挛和舌咽神经痛,术前进行心理辅导,术后加强对病情现察及护理。结果 53例三叉神经痛患者中,治愈45例,有效7例,无效1例,后行三叉神经感觉根射频热凝术后治愈;27例面肌痉挛患者中,22例治愈、5例有效;3例舌咽神经痛患者全部治愈。术后17例因三叉神经感觉根切断术后遗留有面部麻木,11例出现轻度面瘫,脑脊液漏3例,口唇疱疹9例,1例出现术后岀血,颅内感染1例。无l例死亡。结论通过术前心理干预,可以患帮助患者克服焦虑与恐惧心理,保证手术的顺利进行;加强术后病情观察,采取有效的治疗及护理,减少术后并发症的发生率,提高患者生活质量和增加疗效。     

Facial sensibility of patients with trigeminal neuralgias

Objectives

Idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia (ITN) is an excruciating shock-like paroxysmal pain restricted to the trigeminal area of innervation, with discrete loss of sensibility (thermal, tactile and painful). Trigeminal postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is a neuropathic pain at the trigeminal territory that persists after Herpes zoster infection, which also is associated to sensorial compromise. The objective of this study was to evaluate the somesthetic facial sensibility (pain, thermal and tactile) and to compare the findings between PHN and ITN.

Methods

18 patients with PHN and 26 patients with ITN were diagnosed by the IASP criteria. They were evaluated with a systematic approach, which included mechanical, thermal (cold and warm) and painful stimuli.

Results

We found statistical significance at the ophthalmic branch of PHN in pain (p = 0.001), tactile (p = 0.002), cold (p = 0.016) and warm (p = 0.013); in ITN, the maxillary branch had higher threshold with pinpricks (p = 0.016) and the mandibular branch had higher tactile threshold.

Conclusions

The trigeminal area affected by the disease had the higher sensorial losses (ophthalmic branch in PHN and maxillary/mandibular branches in ITN). PHN patients had losses in large and small fibers; therefore, ITN patients had the losses mostly in large fibers, which support different peripheral neural mechanisms for these neuropathic diseases.