标准化位点注射A型肉毒毒素治疗颜面部痉挛的临床分析

目的 探讨标准化位点注射A型肉毒毒素( BTX-A)治疗颜面部痉挛的有效性、疗效一致性及安全性.方法 标准化控制肉毒毒素注射位点的范围,分析连续3轮次治疗的有效率、症状缓解程度及不良反应等.结果 共60例颜面部痉挛患者接受了连续3轮次治疗,治疗有效率分别为95.8％、96.4％和98.3％,不良反应率分别为21.7％、...     

A型肉毒毒素局部注射治疗面肌痉挛的临床疗效

目的探讨A型肉毒毒素(BTX-A)局部注射治疗面肌痉挛的临床疗效。方法给46例面肌痉挛患者的面部17点位皮下注射BTX-A。在治疗前和治疗后进行面肌痉挛强度评级。在注射治疗后4周,根据面肌痉挛强度评级进行疗效评定。对症状复发的患者给予重复BTX-A注射治疗。结果本组患者BTX-A注射治疗后完全缓解15例,明显缓解29例,部分缓解2例;有效率95.6%。起效时间为(2.62±1.10)d;疗效持续(19.1±2.3)周。其中注射治疗1次5例、2次23例、3次11例、≥4次7例。重复注射治疗的起效时间[(2.61±1.03)d]、疗效持续时间[(19.24±2.12)周]及有效率(100%)与初次注射治疗时的差异无统计学意义。出现注射侧局部面肌轻度麻痹6例,2~4周后自行完全恢复。结论 BTX-A局部注射是一种治疗面肌痉挛安全有效地方法,无明显不良反应;并且重复治疗的效果不减退。     

偏侧面肌痉挛和良性特发性眼睑痉挛的临床与治疗特点

目的 探讨偏侧面肌痉挛(HFS)和良性特发性眼睑痉挛(BEB)的临床特点、治疗现状以及对A型肉毒毒素(BTX-A)治疗的反应.方法 对2013年4~10月在武汉大学人民医院神经内科门诊就诊的HFS患者和BEB患者进行调查,其中HFS患者110例,BEB患者90例.所有的患者均接受了BTX-A局部注射治疗.注射后2周左右复诊,在每周二下午的专病门诊随访,并记录BTX-A的疗效持续时间.结果(1)入组200例患者中,BTX-A治疗起效时间0~30 d(中位数4 d),疗效持续时间2~128周(中位数16周),总有效率96.9%.HFS患者症状明显好转(完全和明显缓解)占99.3%,BEB患者占90.2%.总的来说,BEB患者的疗效持续时间[(13.6±5.5)周]与HFS患者[(20.3±10.2)周]相比较短.HFS患者所用BTX-A剂量[(53.2±15.8)U]较BEB患者[(74.8±20.2)U]少.(2)BTX-A注射(70.9%)、针灸(68.2%)和口服药(65.5%)是HFS患者曾经选择的最多的非手术治疗方法.针灸和口服药大部分效果不好而自行停用.BTX-A注射(88.9%)、口服药(86.7%)和眼轮匝肌切割术(31.1%)是BEB患者曾经选择的最多的治疗方法,但患者均反映手术无效.结论 HFS和BEB是运动障碍门诊最常见的两种疾病,BTX-A治疗HFS和BEB安全、有效,对HFS效果更好,BEB患者需要更频繁的注射,其面部肌张力障碍的治疗更具挑战性.     

偏侧面肌痉挛:单中心245例患者临床特征及肉毒毒素治疗结果

目的:回顾性分析接受A型肉毒毒素(botulinum toxin type A,BTX-A)注射治疗的偏侧面肌痉挛患者的临床特征。方法:对单中心245例接受BTX-A注射治疗的偏侧面肌痉挛患者进行回顾性研究,分析人口统计学特征和临床特征,以及与Cohen痉挛强度分级和BTX-A注射疗效的关联。结果:245例偏侧面肌痉挛患者中,女性为159例(64.9%),就诊时平均年龄为54.2±10.3岁;男性为86例(35.1%),就诊时平均年龄为48.3±8.6岁。137例(55.9%)为左侧面肌痉挛,其中女性患者97例[占女性患者的61.8%(97/159)],男性患者40例[占男性患者的46.5%(40/86)]。根据Cohen痉挛强度分级,轻度痉挛患者51例(20.8%),中至重度痉挛患者194例(79.2%);与轻度痉挛患者相比,中至重度痉挛患者的年龄较大(P=0.021),病程较长(P=0.012)。偏侧面肌痉挛伴同侧耳鸣患者48例(19.6%),其中46例(95.8%)为中至重度偏侧面肌痉挛。轻度偏侧面肌痉挛患者的BTX-A平均注射剂量为35.5±5.2 U,平均疗效持续时间为145.5±36.1 d;中至重度偏侧面肌痉挛患者的BTX-A平均注射剂量为40.2±5.8 U,平均疗效持续时间为137.8±34.5 d。治疗后4周时随访,总有效率为96.3%,视觉模拟评分法(visual analog scale,VAS)治疗满意度平均为75%。结论:偏侧面肌痉挛女性患病率显著高于男性,并且左侧患病比例也高于男性;中至重度偏侧面肌痉挛患者占比较高,并且与同侧耳鸣症状相关;所有患者均对BTX-A注射治疗反应良好,且不良反应轻微,能够显著提升患者的工作和生活质量。     

药物性痉挛性斜颈的A型肉毒毒素治疗观察

目的 探讨药物性痉挛性斜颈的A型肉毒毒素(botulinum toxin type A,BTX-A)治疗的疗效及安全性.方法 对21例药物性痉挛性斜颈患者进行BTX-A治疗,治疗前及治疗后4周采用Tsui量表对患者颈部异常姿势程度进行客观评价,前后对照评价疗效,同时观察治疗后的起效时间、疗效持续时间及不良反应.结果 治疗前颈部姿势异常程度评分为12.85±3.32,治疗后4周颈部姿势异常程度评分为3.84±2.13.其差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.01),治疗后3～7 d起效,显效率76.2%,其中18例疗效持续(28±5)周,3例首次治疗后未见复发,2例治疗后出现颈肌无力并于4周内自然恢复,未见其他不良反应.结论 药物性痉挛性斜颈应用BTX-A治疗疗效显著,使用安全.     

A型肉毒毒素治疗小儿脑性瘫痪下肢肌张力障碍

目的研究A型肉毒毒素(BTX-A)对小儿脑性瘫痪下肢肌张力障碍的治疗效果.方法选择30例痉挛型下肢瘫脑性瘫痪患儿,用国产BTX-A进行下肢痉挛肌肉局部注射,应用PRS方法(Physician Rating Sclae)进行治疗前后的疗效评价.结果29例(96.7%)治疗后较治疗前下肢痉挛明显改善,其PRS指标治疗前后比较差异显著(P＜0.01).治疗中及治疗后无严重不良反应发生.结论BTX-A能缓解脑性瘫痪患儿下肢痉挛的肌肉,改善运动功能.小儿对该药有良好的耐受.该治疗方法是一种安全有效、简便沣易行的治疗小儿脑瘫的方法.     

A型肉毒毒素联合重复经颅磁刺激治疗眼睑痉挛合并焦虑抑郁的临床观察

目的 观察肉毒毒素联合重复经颅磁刺激治疗对眼睑痉挛合并焦虑抑郁的治疗效果。方法 纳入良性特发性眼睑痉挛(Benign essential blepharospasm,BEB)伴焦虑/抑郁患者63例,其中单纯A型肉毒毒素(Botulinum toxin A,BTX-A)注射治疗组28例,肉毒毒素联合重复经颅磁刺激(Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation,rTMS)治疗组35例,随访6个月; 在治疗前后通过Cohen Albert标准分级、眨眼次数及患者满意程度评价总体疗效; 通过SDS和SAS量表评分评估患者抑郁焦虑情况; 比较2组疗效、起效时间、持续时间及焦虑抑郁量表评分。结果 单纯BTX-A治疗和联合rTMS治疗均能明显改善患者症状,有效率分别为92.86%、94.29%(P>0.05); 单纯BTX-A治疗组的疗效持续时间为(13.04±3.48)周,联合rTMS治疗组的疗效持续时间为(16.89±3.39)周(P<0.01); 单纯BTX-A治疗组及联合rTMS治疗组治疗前SDS评分分别为(62.19±5.77)、(63.50±7.97)分(P>0.05),SAS评分分别为(66.07±9.43)、(64.89±8.38)分(P>0.05); 单纯BTX-A治疗组及联合rTMS治疗组治疗2个月后SDS评分分别为(49.69±7.90)、(49.46±6.73)分(P>0.05),SAS评分分别为(53.88±7.34)、(48.79±6.62)分(P<0.05)。结论 A型肉毒毒素联合重复经颅磁刺激治疗能有效提高特发性眼睑痉挛患者的疗效,延长眼睑痉挛缓解持续的时间,明显改善抑郁焦虑,特别是对减轻患者焦虑明显优于单纯BTX-A治疗。     

A型肉毒毒素治疗偏侧面肌痉挛前后瞬目反射的变化

目的在特发性偏侧面肌痉挛(HFS)中,瞬目反射(BR)的侧向传播是其神经元间接触传递的标志。本研究旨在探讨在HFS中BR检测的意义,及A型肉毒毒素(BTX-A)注射对HFS神经元间接触传递的影响。方法 2009年7月至2010年1月间就诊于我院神经科专病门诊HFS患者共265例,临床诊断为特发性HFS,均自愿接受BTX-A局部肌肉注射。根据阵挛面肌的分布进行注射,每例总量40~60U,主要涉及额肌、眼轮匝肌、颧肌及颊肌;遵循个体化原则,原则是少量、多点。病情复发、症状明显且间隔3个月以上者可行重复注射治疗。注射后第1周和第2周复查,仍有痉挛者可追加注射,注射部位依病情而定,注射位点浓度不变。痉挛程度及疗效评估按Cohen标准分级。其中63例、48例分别行注射前、后行双刺激BR检测,分别记录两侧每次诱发的肌电,观察每例患者治疗前后BR中R1、R2、R2′各波潜伏期及波幅的变化。结果 (1)265例患者治疗有效率为100%,症状完全缓解112例,占42.3%。明显改善151例,占57.0%,部分缓解2例,占0.7%。作用持续时间(15.81±5.06)周。副作用局限、轻微且可逆;(2)63例患者治疗前行BR检测,健患侧R1[(10.19±0.14)v.s.(10.41±0.22),t=0.298,P=1.082]、R2[(31.82±1.01)v.s.(29.99±1.18),t=0.196,P=1.357]、R2′[(30.07±1.13)v.s.(30.09±1.15),t=0.278,P=1.13]潜伏期正常,无明显差异;患侧R1[(165.71±17.84)v.s.(117.14±10.02),t=2.532,P=0.025]、R2[(227.14±37.98)v.s.(56.43±4.64),t=2.39,P=0.032]、R2′[(181.07±35.45)v.s.(92.86±10.76),t=2.252,P=0.042]波幅增高;(3)随访时间29.47±2.53天,与治疗前比较,治疗后R1、R2、R2′均消失者6例(不纳入统计学分析),余患者患侧R1(t=0.578,P=0.573)、R2(t=0.707,P=0.491)、R2′(t=0.018,P=0.986)潜伏期无显著差别,R1(t=4.942,P=0.000)、R2(t=4.493,P=0.001)、R2′(t=3.527,P=0.004)波幅明显降低。结论 BTX-A治疗HFS疗效显著;双刺激BR检测提示,脑干中间面运动神经元兴奋性增高;初步提示BTX-A治疗只影响神经肌肉接头,对神经元间接触传递几乎无影响。     

A型肉毒毒素治疗睑肌痉挛伴发睁眼性失用的疗效观察

目的探讨A型肉毒毒素治疗睑肌痉挛伴发睁眼性失用的疗效及安全性。方法对11例睑肌痉挛伴发睁眼性失用患者行局部A型肉毒毒素注射治疗,每14周1次,共3次。观察每次注射后起效时间、疗效持续时间及不良反应,并在每次注射后第3周根据改良痉挛性斜颈量表Ⅰ(TWSTRSⅠ)由固定医师对患者进行功能性评定,依据TWSTRSⅡ由患者进行生活残疾自评。结果治疗后平均(3.21±1.88)d起效,疗效持续(11.55±2.11)周。3次治疗的功能改善率分别为89.09%、87.27%、88.18%;3次治疗前TWSTRSⅡ评分分别为22.36±4.03、20.27±3.77及20.77±3.77,治疗3周后分别为7.55±4.44、8.00±5.25、9.27±4.98,治疗前后比较差异有极显著性(均P<0.01)。主要不良反应为睑下垂、疼痛烧灼感,但程度轻,多在48h内自行缓解。结论A型肉毒毒素局部注射可以改善患者的痉挛症状及日常生活能力,治疗原发性睑肌痉挛伴发睁眼性失用安全有效。     

A型肉毒毒素治疗面肌痉挛500例临床研究

目的 探讨使用A型肉毒毒素针多点重复注射治疗面肌痉挛的临床疗效及安全性.方法 采用A型肉毒毒素局部多点重复注射治疗面肌痉挛500例,使用Cohen评分进行评估.观察疗效.结果 症状完全缓解301例（60.2％）,明显缓解者182例（36.4％）,部分缓解者15例（3.0％）,无效2例（0.4％）;总有效率99.8％.疗效持续2～7个月,复发者重复治疗仍有效,不良反应轻微.结论 局部注射A型肉毒毒素是治疗面肌痉挛一种简便、安全、有效的方法.     

Mechanism of action of tubocurarine on nicotinic cholinoreceptors of neurons of the sympathetic ganglia of rats

Tubocurarine (Tc) effect on membrane currents elicited by acetylcholine (ACh) was studied in isolated superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat using patch-clamp method in the whole-cell recording mode. The "use-dependent" block of ACh current by Tc was revealed in the experiments with ACh applications, indicating that Tc blocked the channels opened by ACh. Mean lifetime of Tc-open channel complex, tau, was found to be 9.8 +/- 0.5 s (n = 7) at -50 mV and 20-24 degrees C. tau exponentially increased with membrane hyperpolarization (e-fold change in tau corresponded to the membrane potential shift by 61 mV). Inhibition of the ACh-induced current by Tc (3-30 microM/1) was completely abolished by membrane depolarization to the level of 80-100 mV. Inhibition of ACh-induced current was augmented at increased ACh doses. It is concluded that the open channel block produced by Tc is likely to be the only mechanism for Tc action on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat.     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

Limits of deinstitutionalization--perspectives of relatives of psychiatric patients

After a hopeful beginning, the social process of the reintegration of those with severe mental illness has come to a standstill. I am led to wonder whether "the community" really wants to live together with people suffering from severe mental illness, and if so, how closely? As long as the medical treatment of mental illness provided by the general practitioners is fundamentally deficient, as they are not able to prescribe the necessary interventions--such as out-patient psychiatric nursing, and service providers in the out-patient sector are content with offering increasingly intensive forms of care for the less seriously ill at the cost of the Social Welfare System--the reintegration of those with serious mental illness remains an illusion--which is mainly to the benefit of providers of residential care in homes and hostels.     

Sense of coherence as a predictor of subjective state of health: results of 4 years of follow-up of adults

A number of cross-sectional population studies have shown that a strong sense of coherence (SOC) is associated with various aspects of good perceived health. The association does not seem to be entirely attributable to underlying associations of SOC with other variables, such as age or level of education. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study reported here was to determine whether SOC predicted subjective state of health. METHODS: The study was carried out as a two-way panel mail survey of 1976 individuals with 4 years interval for two collections of data. The statistical method used was multivariate cumulative logistic modeling. Age, initial subjective state of health, initial occupational training level, and initial degree of social integration were included as potential explanatory variables. RESULTS: A strong SOC predicted good health in women and men. CONCLUSIONS: SOC can be interpreted as an autonomous internal resource contributing to a favorable development of subjective state of health. SOC data should, however, be regarded as complementary to and not a substitute for information already known to be associated with increased risk of future ill health.