可溶性CD40L水平对急性脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块稳定性的影响

目的探讨可溶性CD40L水平对急性脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块稳定性的影响。方法选取急性脑梗死患者69例(观察组),以健康体检者28例为对照组,应用酶联免疫法测量血清可溶性CD40L水平,并行彩色多普勒检查,测定颈动脉内-中膜厚度(IMT)、有无斑块及计算Crouse积分,比较2组颈动脉粥样硬化斑块、血清可溶性CD40L水平,根据超声结果分为稳定斑块组、不稳定斑块组,比较2组血清可溶性CD40L水平,分析可溶性CD40L水平与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块稳定性的关系。结果观察组血清可溶性CD40L浓度(7.97±2.42)μg/L,高于对照组(P0.05)。观察组检出粥样硬化斑块91个,其中不稳定斑块62个(68.13%)。不稳定斑块组血清可溶性CD40L水平高于稳定斑块组(P0.05)。观察组IMT增厚、Crouse积分高于对照组(P0.05)。血清可溶性CD40L水平与IMT、Crouse积分呈正相关。结论急性脑梗死患者血清可溶性CD40L水平明显升高,可能为预测缺血性脑血管事件的重要指标,可溶性CD40L越高,颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的稳定性越差,通过影响斑块稳定性参与了急性脑梗死的发生。     

颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的成因分析及其与同型半胱氨酸的相关性

目的探讨缺血性脑血管病患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的形成原因及其与同型半胱氨酸的相关性。方法对167例缺血性脑血管病患者采用彩色多普勒超声仪测定其颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的有无及其超声特征,测定内中膜厚度。检测其血清同型半胱氨酸、血脂、血清抗磷脂抗体及超敏C反应蛋白浓度。患者分为无斑块组和有斑块组。斑块组又分为稳定斑块亚组和不稳定斑块亚组。结果单因素分析年龄、高血压、脂代谢紊乱及同型半胱氨酸在无斑块组和有斑块组之间有显著性差别。Logistic回归分析只有年龄是斑块形成的独立危险因素。对于稳定和不稳定斑块亚组,Logistic回归分析只有颈动脉内中膜厚度是不稳定斑块形成的独立危险因素。无斑块组和斑块组的同型半胱氨酸浓度分别是13.0±6.8μmol/L和18.4±12.6μmol/L(P=0.042)。结论对于缺血性脑血管病患者,年龄是颈动脉粥样硬化斑块形成的独立危险因素,颈动脉内中膜厚度是颈动脉不稳定斑块形成的独立危险因素,血清同型半胱氨酸浓度与高血压、脂代谢紊乱一样是颈动脉粥样硬化斑块形成的非独立危险因素。     

急性脑梗死患者血清内脂素水平的改变及其与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块形成和稳定性的关系

目的探讨急性脑梗死(ACI)患者血清内脂素水平的改变及其与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块形成和稳定性的关系。方法对89例ACI患者进行颈动脉彩色多普勒超声检查,并用ELISA法检测其和85例无脑梗死其他疾病患者(对照组)的血清内脂素水平。结果 ACI组患者颈动脉彩色多普勒超声检查发现,有颈动脉斑块61例,其中不稳定斑块41例(不稳定斑块亚组)、稳定性斑块20例(稳定斑块亚组),无斑块28例(无斑块亚组)。与对照组血清内脂素水平[(13.55±4.31)μg/L]比较,ACI组及不稳定斑块亚组、稳定斑块亚组[(19.38±5.53)μg/L、(22.26±5.83)μg/L、(18.72±4.42)μg/L]明显升高(均P0.05),而无斑块亚组[(15.49±4.47)μg/L]的差异无统计学意义。不稳定斑块亚组和稳定斑块亚组的血清内脂素水平明显高于无斑块亚组,而不稳定斑块亚组的血清内脂素水平又明显高于稳定斑块亚组(均P0.05)。结论 ACI患者的血清内脂素水平明显升高;并且血清内脂素与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块形成及其稳定性有密切的关系。     

急性脑梗死患者血清内脂素含量的变化及对颈动脉粥样硬化斑块形成和稳定性的影响

目的观察急性脑梗死(ACI)患者血清内脂素水平,探讨其与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块形成和稳定性的关系。方法对68例ACI患者及45例健康人群(对照组)进行颈动脉彩色多普勒超声检查,根据血管超声检查颈动脉粥样硬化斑块结果,对ACI患者分组并检测血清内脂素水平。结果 68例ACI患者中,稳定斑块组31例,不稳定斑块组25例,无斑块形成(无斑块组)12例;3组内脂素水平分别为(28.25±8.06)μg/L、(34.25±8.75)μg/L、(16.58±6.02)μg/L,对照组为(14.56±6.12)μg/L;不稳定斑块组高于稳定斑块组,稳定斑块组高于无斑块组及对照组,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论血清内脂素与ACI患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的形成及不稳定性的形成关系密切。     

急性缺血性脑血管病患者血清ox-LDL及PAPP-A水平与颈动脉粥样硬化的相关性研究

目的探讨急性缺血性脑血管病患者颈动脉粥样硬化与血清氧化型低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)、妊娠相关血浆蛋白A(PAPP-A)水平的关系。方法随机选取急性脑梗死患者90例和短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)患者60例作为研究对象,随机选取健康体检者30例作为对照组。入选者均检测血清ox-LDL、PAPP-A水平。对急性脑梗死和TIA患者进行颈动脉超声检查,发现颈动脉内-中膜厚度(IMT)正常者22例,IMT增厚者47例,颈动脉斑块形成者81例,其中稳定斑块者49例,不稳定斑块者32例。比较各组血清ox-LDL及PAPP-A水平。结果急性脑梗死组血清PAPP-A及ox-LDL水平显著高于TIA组(P<0.01),后者显著高于正常对照组(P<0.01);在缺血性脑血管病患者中,颈动脉粥样硬化斑块形成者血清PAPP-A及ox-LDL水平较颈动脉IMT增厚组明显升高(P<0.01),后者高于IMT正常组(P<0.01);在颈动脉斑块形成者中,其血清PAPP-A及ox-LDL水平在不稳定斑块组高于稳定斑块组(P<0.01)。Spearman分析显示,血清PAPP-A与ox-LDL水平之间存在明显相关性(r=0.839,P<0.05);logistic回归分析显示,血清PAPP-A与ox-LDL水平是发生颈动脉粥样硬化的危险因素(OR=2.549,95%CI1.12~3.79;OR=1.317,95%CI1.15~2.11)。结论急性缺血性脑血管病患者颈动脉粥样硬化的发生和进展与ox-LDL、PAPP-A水平相关,血清ox-LDL及PAPP-A水平可在一定程度上反映急性缺血性脑血管病患者颈动脉粥样硬化的程度。两者在颈动脉甚至颅内动脉粥样硬化的形成过程中产生协同作用。     

颈动脉粥样硬化斑块性质与血清C-反应蛋白的关系

目的 探讨颈动脉粥样硬化斑块性质与血清C-反应蛋白(CRP)水平的关系.方法 对经多层螺旋CT血管成像(MSCTA)检测发现有颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的28例脑血栓形成、24例腔隙性脑梗死、19例颈内动脉系统TIA患者进行CRP测定,分析斑块的性质与血清CRP水平的关系.结果 (1)脑血栓形成组和TIA组以混合性斑块和软斑块为主,腔隙性脑梗死组以硬斑块为主;3组间斑块类型分布差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);(2)血清CRP水平:脑血栓形成组为(4.022±1.531)mg/L,腔隙性脑梗死组为(3.781±1.876)mg/L,TIA组为(3.920±2.155)mg/L,3组间CRP水平差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05);(3)不同斑块组的CRP水平:软斑块组为( 4.546±2.720) mg/L,混合性斑块组为(3.951±1.863)mg/L,显著高于硬斑块组[(2.762±1.323)mg/L](均P<0.05).结论 血清CRP水平对判断颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的稳定性具有一定临床意义.     

可溶性CD40L、MMP-9与颈动脉粥样硬化及急性脑梗死的关系

目的探讨可溶性CD40L(sCD40L)、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)与颈动脉粥样硬化及急性脑梗死(ACI)的关系。方法选取首次发病的ACI患者90例和健康对照组30例,采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定血清sCD40L、MMP-9的水平。应用颈动脉超声检测颈动脉内膜状况。比较不同程度颈动脉粥样硬化及不同面积脑梗死患者血清sCD40L、MMP-9的水平变化,并对所有脑梗死患者进行神经功能缺损评分。结果 ACI患者血清sCD40L、MMP-9的水平显著高于对照组(P0.01);大梗死组血清sCD40L、MMP-9水平高于中、小梗死组,中梗死组高于小梗死组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.01);随着颈动脉粥样硬化程度加重,脑梗死病情越重及脑梗死面积越大,血清sCD40L、MMP-9的水平也越高;血清sCD40L与MMP-9的水平呈正相关(r=0.887,P0.01)。结论 ACI患者血清sCD40L、MMP-9水平可以反映颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的性质和稳定性、脑梗死面积与病情的严重程度;CD40-CD40L系统可能通过上调MMP-9导致颈动脉粥样硬化斑块不稳定。     

辛伐他汀及阿司匹林干预对颈动脉粥样硬化的影响

目的观察辛伐他汀及阿司匹林干预对颈动脉粥样硬化的影响。方法120例合并颈动脉粥样硬化及血脂异常的缺血性脑血管病患者随机分为辛伐他汀组、阿司匹林组及辛伐他汀+阿司匹林组,分别给予相应的药物治疗6个月;比较3组治疗前后血清C-反应蛋白(CRP)、血脂水平及颈动脉内-中膜厚度(IMT)、颈动脉斑块面积的变化及脑血管事件复发率。结果3组治疗后血清CRP水平均较治疗前显著降低(均P<0.05);辛伐他汀组和辛伐他汀+阿司匹林组治疗后颈动脉IMT、斑块面积及血脂水平显著降低(均P<0.05);阿司匹林组治疗前后颈动脉IMT、斑块面积及血脂水平差异无统计学意义;辛伐他汀+阿司匹林组治疗后各项指标较另外两组改善更明显(均P<0.05);3组患者脑血管病复发率差异无统计学意义。结论辛伐他汀和阿司匹林联合干预对降低CRP水平,延缓和逆转颈动脉粥样硬化优于单一使用辛伐他汀或阿司匹林,并可预防脑血管病复发。     

妊娠相关血浆蛋白-A与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块及缺血性脑血管病的关系

目的 探讨血清妊娠相关血浆蛋白(PAPP)-A与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块及缺血性脑血管病(ICVD)的关系.方法 116例首次发生颈内动脉系统ICVD的住院患者,包括急性脑梗死(ACI)72例和短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)44例,另选38例体检者(对照组),均行头颅CT、颈动脉彩色多普勒超声仪及血清PAPP-A检查;根据颈动脉彩色多普勒超声仪检查结果,按斑块性质分为易损斑块组(39例)、稳定斑块组(60例)、内-中膜增厚组(20例)及无斑块组(35例),并对各项检查结果进行组问比较.结果 血清PAPP-A水平,ACI组[(5.64 ±1.92)mlU/L]及TAI组[(5.51±2.01)mlU/L]明显高于对照组[(4.12±1.98)mIU/L](均P＜0.05);各组中易损斑块组的血清PAPP-A水平明显高于无斑块组、内-中膜增厚组及稳定斑块组(均P＜0.05).PAPP-A对易损斑块、ACI、TIA的诊断评估显示曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.87、0.61及0.57.结论 血清PAPP-A水平可作为诊断颈动脉粥样硬化易损斑块存在的生物学标记物,其血清水平的升高可视为 ICVD的危险因素之一.     

急性脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块与IL-6及CRP的关系

目的分析急性脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块性质与白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、C反应蛋白(CRP)表达水平的关系。方法选择急性脑梗死患者95例(观察组)为研究对象,根据颈动脉彩色多普勒超声检测结果分为不稳定斑块组(29例)、稳定斑块组(31例)及无斑块组(35例),选择同时期健康人30例为正常对照组,测定4组研究对象血清中IL-6、CRP的水平并进行比较。结果观察组CRP(4.80±2.16)mg/L和IL-6(209.54±75.60)pg/mL水平显著高于正常对照组的(2.43±0.51)mg/L和(103.34±8.99)pg/mL(P0.05)。不稳定斑块组CRP、IL-6水平均高于稳定斑块组、无斑块组和对照组(P0.05);稳定斑块组高于无斑块组和对照组(P0.05)。CRP、IL-6水平与动脉粥样硬化斑块的不稳定性呈正相关(rCRP=0.740,rIL-6=0.924,均P0.05)。结论急性脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块性质与IL-6、CRP表达水平密切相关,可能在预测脑血管病的发生及防治中起重要作用。     

Denervation study of synapses of organ of corti of old world monkeys

Fine structural characteristics of synapses in the spiral organ of Corti were examined, with reference to differences between inner and outer haircell systems, and to location of neurons of origin of efferent axons. Surgical interruption of crossed olivocochlear bundle, of vestibular nerve, of facial nerve, and excision of superior cervical ganglia were used to determine the pathways of efferent axons. Interruption of the vestibular nerve near the brainstem results in degeneration of all efferent terminals on outer hair cells. Mid-line lesions at, and caudal to, the facial colliculus result in degeneration of about half of these efferent terminals. Efferent synaptic bulbs to the inner hair-cell system are small, of the order of one micron, and form type 2 junctions with afferent dendrites. They tend to have more large dense-core vesicles (about 80 nm) than the large efferent terminals of the outer hair-cell system, and appear to be the terminals of axons in the habenula perforata, which exhibit varicosities laden with large dense core vesicles. The varicosities are unaffected by excision of the superior cervical ganglia. So far as our material can reveal, it appears that the varicosities in the habenula perforata do not survive vestibular root interruption, nor do the efferent processes in the internal spiral bundle or at the base of inner hair cells. Most interestingly, the afferent processes of the inner hair-cell system, as identified for example by their relation to pre-synaptic bodies in the inner hair cells, are subject to a trans-synaptic reaction after severance of the vestibular root. They undergo a dramatic cytological transformation, characterized by increase of volume, engorgement with microtubules, microfilaments, microvesicles of various sizes, and clusters of lysosomes. Thus, both the efferent and afferent terminals of the inner hair-cell system show marked cytological differences from the corresponding terminals of the outer hair cell system.     

Summary of legislation of 1935 of interest to the department of Mental Hygiene

Psychiatric Quarterly -     

Summary of legislation of 1941 of interest to the Department of Mental Hygiene

Psychiatric Quarterly -     

Asymmetry of on- and off-pathways of blue-sensitive cones of the retina of macaques

Macaque retinal ganglion cells whose receptive-field center recieves input from blue-sensitive cones show an overt asymmetry of the frequency of ON-center and OFF-center varieties, an asymmetry not present in ganglion cells whose center receives input from the other two cone types. A similar asymmetry of ON/OFF responses is found in the local electrotetinogram (d-wave) mediated by signals from blue-sensitive cones. ‘Blue-ON-center’ ganglion cells have larger receptive-field centers and shorter conduction latencies than other opponent-color varieties, suggesting an appreciable degree of receptor convergence and presumably large cell bodies. Intracellular stainings of these neurons with Procion Yellow show that they correspond to diffuse stratified (Parasol) ganglion cells whose flat-topped dendritic arborization stratifies in the sclerad half of the inner plexiform layer. In view of the known characteristics of macaque bipolar cells and of the ON/OFF asymmetry, it is proposed that these ganglion cells are postsynaptic to cone-specific flat bipolars possibly mediating sign-inverting synaptic contacts. The results also indicate a reversal, for the blue-cone pathway, of the ON/OFF lamination of the inner plexiform layer that has recently been described in other species.     

Mechanism of action of tubocurarine on nicotinic cholinoreceptors of neurons of the sympathetic ganglia of rats

Tubocurarine (Tc) effect on membrane currents elicited by acetylcholine (ACh) was studied in isolated superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat using patch-clamp method in the whole-cell recording mode. The "use-dependent" block of ACh current by Tc was revealed in the experiments with ACh applications, indicating that Tc blocked the channels opened by ACh. Mean lifetime of Tc-open channel complex, tau, was found to be 9.8 +/- 0.5 s (n = 7) at -50 mV and 20-24 degrees C. tau exponentially increased with membrane hyperpolarization (e-fold change in tau corresponded to the membrane potential shift by 61 mV). Inhibition of the ACh-induced current by Tc (3-30 microM/1) was completely abolished by membrane depolarization to the level of 80-100 mV. Inhibition of ACh-induced current was augmented at increased ACh doses. It is concluded that the open channel block produced by Tc is likely to be the only mechanism for Tc action on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat.