阿尔茨海默病和血管性痴呆的载脂蛋白E基因多态性研究

目的探讨载脂蛋白E(ApoE)基因与中国昆明地区汉族人阿尔茨海默病(AD)和血管性痴呆(VD)是否存在关联。方法运用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)分析方法对58例无亲缘关系的中国昆明地区AD患者、10例VD患者及96例健康老年人,进行ApoE基因变异检测,并进行统计分析。结果AD组、VD组ApoEε3/ε4基因型频率及ε4等位基因频率高于健康对照组,差异比较有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论ε4基因可能是AD和VD的危险因素。     

新疆维吾尔族、汉族载脂蛋白E基因及尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活因子基因多态性与Alzhemier病的关系

目的 探讨新疆维吾尔族(维族)、汉族载脂蛋白E( ApoE)基因及尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活因子( PLAU)基因多态性与Alzheimer's病(AD)的关系.方法 应用PCR-限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)方法,检测209例很可能AD患者(AD组,汉族98例,维族111例)及220名正常对照者(NC组,汉族103人,维族117人)的ApoE基因及PLAU基因第6号外显子r2227564s基因型及等位基因频率.结果 AD组中,维族、汉族ApoE ε3/4基因型及ε4等位基因频率明显高于NC组;其与PLAU基因C/T基因型组合的频率明显高于NC组(均P＜0.05);具有ApoE ε3/3基因型的维族T/T基因型频率明显高于NC组(P＜0.05).结论 ApoE基因多态性可能与AD相关;PLAU C/T基因型可能增加具有ApoE ε3/4基因型及ε4等位基因者AD的发病风险;PLAU T/T基因型可能增加具有ApoE ε3/3基因型、ε3等位基因的维族AD的发病风险.     

蒙古族Alzheimer病患者载脂蛋白E基因多态性研究

目的探讨载脂蛋白E(ApoE)基因多态性与蒙古族Alzheimer病(AD)的关系。方法用聚合酶链反应及基因测序技术检测106例蒙古族AD患者和100名正常对照者的ApoE基因的基因型和等位基因频率,并进行比较。结果 AD组中有ApoEε4基因型频率(31.1%)显著高于正常对照组(17.0%)(χ2=5.591,P=0.018;OR=2.207,95%CI:1.136～4.289);ε4等位基因的频率显著高于正常对照组(χ2=4.27,P=0.039;OR=1.841,95%CI:1.026～3.304);两组ApoEε2、ε3等位基因频率的差异无统计学意义。结论ApoE基因ε4等位基因可能是蒙古族人群患AD的遗传性危险因素。     

云南纳西族脑梗死患者载脂蛋白E基因多态性的研究

目的 探讨云南纳西族脑梗死患者载脂蛋白E (ApoE)基因多态性.方法 采用基因测序法,对云南58例纳西族脑梗死患者(脑梗死组)和50名纳西族健康对照者(正常对照组)的ApoE基因进行检测.对两组基因型及等位基因频率进行比较.结果 脑梗死组ApoE基因ε3/ε4基因型频率显著高于正常对照组,ε3/ε3基因型频率显著低于正常对照组(均P＜0.05).脑梗死组ApoE基因ε4等位基因频率显著高于正常对照组;ε3等位基因频率显著低于正常对照组(均P＜0.05).相关性分析显示,ApoE基因ε3/ε3基因型及ε3等位基因是脑梗死的保护性因素(OR=0.346,95％ CI:0.176 ～0.681,P=0.020;OR=0.412,95％ CI:0.227 ～0.749,P=0.004),ApoE基因ε3/ε4基因型及ε4等位基因是脑梗死的易感因素(OR =3.818,95％CI:1.509 ～9.665,P=0.005; OR=3.502,95％CI:1.524～8.047,P=0.003).结论 ApoE基因ε3/ε4基因型及ε4等位基因是云南纳西族人群脑梗死的遗传易感因子.     

Alzheimer病和血管性痴呆患者载脂蛋白E基因多态性分析

探讨ApoE多态性与Alzheimer病（AD）和血管性痴呆（VD）的关系。方法：应用PCR—RFLP技术分析25例AD,30例VD及40例对照组人群的ApoE基因型。结果：与对照组相比较,AD和VD患者ε3频率降低（P＜0．05）,ε4频率升高（P＜0．05）,两组患者间各等位基因频率差异无统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论：ApoE多态性与AD和VD的发病机制相关,其在这两种疾病中的作用相似。     

载脂蛋白E基因多态性与血管性痴呆的关系

目的 探讨载脂蛋白E（ApoE)基因多态性与血管性痴呆（VD）的关系。方法 采用PCR－RFLP方法对VD组47例，脑梗死组（CI）46例，正常对照组60人进行ApoE基因型测定。结果 VD组，CI组与正常对照组ApoE基因型频率分布，以3／3型所占比率最高。VD组4／3占第2位（27．7％），与正常对照组（18．33％）比较有显著差异（P＜0．05）。各组ApoE等位基因频率比较，VD组ApoEε4高于对照组（P＜0．05）。C1组与正常对照组之间ApoE基因型频率及等位基因频率比较无显著差异。结论 ApoEε4等位基因可能是VD发生的遗传危险因素这一。本研究不支持ApoEε4等位基因可以增加发生CI的危险性。     

阿耳茨海默性痴呆与血管性痴呆的ApoE基因多态性研究

目的探讨ApoE基因在阿耳茨海默性痴呆（Alzheimer-typedementia,AD）与血管性痴呆（Vasculardementia,VD）患者当中的分布情况,以找出中国人的特点,评价ApoE基因检测在早期预测性诊断中的作用,比较AD与VD在ApoE基因多态性方面的异同。方法采用PCR-RFLP方法,对41例AD、35例VD和30例对照进行ApoE基因型测定。结果小于70岁的AD患者,其ε4等位基因频率大大高于同龄VD组患者和同龄对照组（P＜0.01和P＜0.05）。而≥70岁的AD患者ε4频率明显低于70岁以下AD患者（P＜0.01）。结论（1）ApoEε4与散发性AD之间具有明显相关性,其基因型以4/3为主,而ε4/4相对于国外文献报道要少。（2）AD组ε4等位基因频率高于VD组（P＜0.05）。（3）评价AD发病危险时,年龄因素不容忽视,70岁以下ε4携带者可能具有更高的AD发病危险性。     

载脂蛋白E基因多态性与动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死的相关性

目的 探讨载脂蛋白E(ApoE)基因多态性与动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死(ACI)的相关性.方法 运用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)方法检测92例ACI患者(<60岁42例,≥60岁50例)和50名性别年龄相匹配的正常对照者的ApoE基因型,并进行比较. 结果 ApoE 3/4基因型频率和ε4等位基因频率ACI组为30.4%和19.6%,正常对照组为2%和3%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05).ACI<60岁组和≥60岁组间,ApoE基因型频率和等位基因频率差异无统计学意义.结论 ApoE基因多态性与ACI发病相关,ε4等位基因可能是ACI的易感基因之一.     

乌鲁木齐市老年人群中载脂蛋白E基因与Alzheimer病的相关分析

目的　分析乌鲁木齐市老年人群中载脂蛋白E(ApoE)基因与Alzheimer病 (AD)的相关性。方法应用聚合酶链式反应扩增技术及限制性片段长度多态性技术对乌鲁木齐市 6 0例散发性AD患者和 90例对照者的ApoE基因进行分型 ,分别计算两组ApoE各等位基因、基因型的频率。结果　 (1)AD患者组中ApoEε2、ApoEε3、ApoEε4等位基因出现的频率分别为 6 6 7%、75 83%、17 5 0 % ,而对照组分别为 13 33%、79 4 5 %、7 2 2 % ;其中 ,ApoEε4等位基因在AD组中出现的频率明显高于对照组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,ApoEε2等位基因却低于对照组 (P <0 0 5 ) ;(2 )ApoEε4等位基因在不同性别、年龄、受教育程度中的分布差异具有显著性 (P <0 0 1,P <0 0 1,P <0 0 0 1)。结论　 (1)ApoEε4等位基因与中国乌鲁木齐散发性AD有明显相关性 ,其基因型以ε3/ε4为主 ;(2 )ApoEε2等位基因在AD发生时可能具有一定保护作用 ;(3)评价AD发病风险时 ,性别、年龄、受教育程度的因素不容忽视。女性、75岁以下、低教育程度、ApoEε4等位基因携带者可能具有更高的AD发病危险性     

8-羟基鸟嘌呤糖苷酶1、载脂蛋白酶E基因多态性与阿尔茨海默病相关性研究

目的 探讨河南汉族人群8-羟基鸟嘌呤糖苷酶1(OGG1)、载脂蛋白酶E(ApoE)基因多态性与阿尔茨海默病的相关性.方法 采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)及基因测序检测126例正常对照组和58例阿尔茨海默病患者OGG1基因第326位Ser/Ser、Ser/Cys、Cys/Cys基因型多态分布及ApoE e2、e3、ε4基因型多态分布.结果 与对照组比较,AD组OGG1基因的3种基因型分布总体差异有统计学意义(x2＝6.337,P＝0.042),G等位基因频率高于健康对照组(χ2＝ 6.447,P＝0.011);AD组ApoE等位基因ε4频率显著升高,呈正关联(χ2＝ 11.722,OR＝2.872,95％CI＝ 1.542 ～5.351,P＝0.001).ApoEε4等位基因不影响OGG1基因型或等位基因的分布频率(P＞0.05).经年龄分层后,AD组OGG1基因分布无差异性(P＞0.05),ApoE基因在大于70岁组分布有差异性(x2＝14.163,P＝0.001).结论 河南汉族人群中,OGG1 G等位基因可能是AD发病的独立于ApoE之外的危险因素,与年龄无相关性;ApoEε4等位基因是散发性AD的主要危险因素,并与年龄有相关性,ε3等位基因是AD的保护因素.     

Physical and Sexual Abuse and Neglect and Eating Disorder Symptoms

Abstract

For eating-disordered patients with a history of post-traumatic stress, childhood abuse and neglect, and dissociative disorder, eating behavior symptoms may function as a rational response to unmetabolized traumatic experiences. This paper will review trauma-based theory, dissociation, abreactive, and ego-states therapy as they apply to eating disorder patients.     

Physical and Sexual Abuse and Neglect and Eating Disorder Symptoms

For eating-disordered patients with a history of post-traumatic stress, childhood abuse and neglect, and dissociative disorder, eating behavior symptoms may function as a rational response to unmetabolized traumatic experiences. This paper will review trauma-based theory, dissociation, abreactive, and ego-states therapy as they apply to eating disorder patients.     

Efficacy and Effectiveness of Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy and Pharmacotherapy

Decades of intervention research have produced a rich body of evidence on the effects of psychotherapies and pharmacotherapies with children and adolescents. Here we summarize and critique that evidence. We review findings bearing on the efficacy of psychosocial treatments and medications under controlled experimental conditions. We also report evidence, where available, on the effectiveness of both classes of treatment with clinically referred youth treated in real-world clinical contexts. In general, the large body of evidence on efficacy contrasts sharply with the small base of evidence on effectiveness. Addressing this gap through an enriched research agenda could contribute importantly to linking scientific inquiry and clinical practice—to the benefit of both ventures. This is one element of a multifaceted agenda for future research and for synthesis of research, which will require the interplay of multiple disciplines related to child and adolescent mental health.     

Presence and severity of anorexia and bulimia among male and female Omani and non-Omani adolescents

OBJECTIVE: The population of Oman is a heterogeneous mix of nationalities providing a natural setting for studying the cross-cultural differences in the presence and severity of eating disorders as well as an opportunity for evaluating the performance of measurement instruments for these disorders. METHOD: Disordered eating screening instruments (the Eating Attitude Test and the Bulimic Investigatory Test) were administered to Omani teenagers, non-Omani teenagers, and Omani adults. RESULTS: On the Eating Attitude Test, 33% of Omani teenagers (29.4% females and 36.4% males) and 9% of non-Omani teenagers (7.5% of males and 10.6% females) showed a propensity for anorexic-like behavior. On the Bulimic Investigatory Test, 12.3% of Omani teenagers showed a propensity for binge eating or bulimia (13.7% females and 10.9% males). Among the non-Omani teenagers, 18.4% showed a tendency toward bulimia, with females showing a slightly greater tendency than males. In contrast, barely 2% of Omani adults showed either a presence of or a severity of disorderly behavior with food. CONCLUSION: Omani teenagers scored significantly higher than other ethnic groups and Omani adults. This finding is discussed in the light of emerging evidence from many parts of the world suggesting that cultural transition, compounded by demographic constraints, plays a significant role in abnormal eating attitudes.     

Relationship Between Sluggish Cognitive Tempo and Age and IQ in Preschool and School-Age Children and Adolescents with Autism and with ADHD

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders - Relationships between sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) and age and IQ were investigated in children with autism and/or ADHD covering broader age and IQ...     

Synaptic plasticity and learning and memory: LTP and beyond.

Long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic activity is by far the most popular and widely researched model of synaptic plastic changes that might occur during learning. Numerous recent reports, however, have not found a correlation between the inducibility of LTP in the hippocampus and the ability of animals to learn hippocampus-dependent tasks. For example, some experiments with gene deletion (knockout) mice strains have shown that in some strains LTP is not inducible in the dentate gyrus, in area CA3, or CA1, but the animals are still able to learn spatial tasks. This apparent mismatch has rejuvenated the discussion concerning whether LTP is a good model for mechanisms that underlie memory formation in the nervous system. This review analyzes the conditions under which LTP is induced or learning takes place and suggests reasons for the mismatches that can occur and what we can learn from them. High-frequency stimulation protocols and in vitro assays cannot be seen to resemble natural firing patterns or conditions found in the brain. More physiological experimental conditions, especially in vivo recording in awake animals, could lead the way to the development of improved models of learning mechanisms that better correlate with learning abilities of animals.