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1.
背景 精神科危重症患者谵妄发生率较高,且影响谵妄发生的因素较多。目前针对精神专科医院危重症患者谵妄的流行病学研究有限。目的 探索精神专科医院危重症患者谵妄发生的影响因素,以指导临床对谵妄的管理。方法 回顾性收集2019年1月1日-2021年5月31日在深圳市康宁医院住院的427例危重症患者的谵妄发生情况、性别、年龄、入院前病程(指患者始发急性精神状态变化至登记入住精神专科医院的时间)、精神疾病史、认知功能障碍病史、精神活性物质使用史、镇静催眠药使用史、合并慢性病数、合并用药数以及病种类型等信息。采用单因素Logistic回归分析谵妄发生的可能危险因素,将可能的危险因素纳入多因素Logistic回归分析模型,逐步筛选出精神专科医院危重症患者谵妄发生的危险因素。结果 在427例危重症患者中,143例(33.49%)存在谵妄。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,使用精神活性物质所致的精神和行为障碍(OR=8.949,P<0.01)、无精神病病史(OR=4.202,P<0.01)、合并慢性病数(OR=1.249,P<0.01)、年龄(OR=1.031,P<0.01)以及入院前病程(OR=0.942,P<0.01)与谵妄发生相关。结论 在精神专科医院中,约1/3的危重症患者存在谵妄,入院前病程较短、年龄较大、合并慢性疾病数多、无精神疾病史、使用精神活性物质所致的精神和行为障碍是谵妄发生的危险因素。  相似文献   

2.
背景 精神分裂症患者是罹患代谢综合征的高风险人群。既往关于代谢综合征影响因素的研究主要集中于住院精神分裂症患者,对社区精神分裂症患者的研究较少。目的 探索广州市社区精神分裂症患者不同代谢综合征风险层级的影响因素,为社区精神分裂症患者代谢综合征干预提供参考。方法 于2021年11月,选取广州市精神卫生信息系统在册在管且完成2020年度健康体检的精神分裂症患者3 339例。从信息系统导出患者健康体检资料,采用《中国2型糖尿病防治指南(2020年版)》评估患者是否罹患代谢综合征。根据《精神分裂症患者代谢综合征管理的中国专家共识》,将患者分为高风险组(n=423)、临界组(n=1 524)和代谢综合征组(n=1 392)。采用多元Logistic回归分析社区精神分裂症患者罹患代谢综合征的危险因素。结果 社区精神分裂症患者代谢综合征患病率为41.69%。单因素分析显示,三组在性别(χ2=44.610)、年龄(χ2=55.992)、婚姻状况(χ2=30.755)、病程(χ2=25.913)和体质量指数(χ2=829.265)方面差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.01)。Kruskal-Wallis H检验显示,三组患者腰围(H=920.331)、收缩压(H=436.673)、舒张压(H=393.337)、空腹血糖(H=807.304)、甘油三酯(H=1 134.125)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(H=593.615)水平差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.01)。Logistic回归分析显示,年龄≥50岁(OR=1.761,95% CI:1.087~2.853)、超重(OR=2.418,95% CI:1.862~3.140)和肥胖(OR=57.903,95% CI:14.340~233.802)是社区精神分裂症患者成为代谢综合征临界人群的危险因素(P<0.05或0.01);女性(OR=1.295,95% CI:1.034~1.622)、年龄40~49岁(OR=2.597,95% CI:1.582~4.263)、年龄≥50岁(OR=4.392,95% CI:2.609~7.395)、超重(OR=7.844,95% CI:6.018~10.223)和肥胖(OR=426.785,95% CI:105.724~1 722.839)是社区精神分裂症患者成为代谢综合征人群的危险因素(P<0.05或0.01)。结论 社区精神分裂症患者代谢综合征患病率较高,女性、年长、超重和肥胖是精神分裂症患者罹患代谢综合征的高风险因素。  相似文献   

3.
背景 严重精神障碍患者危险行为发生率较一般人群更高,我国对社区严重精神障碍患者危险行为发生风险的预测研究尚不多见,尤其缺乏除传统预测方法之外的数据挖掘技术预测模型的研究和比较。目的 采用Logistic回归分析及分类决策树构建社区严重精神障碍患者危险行为发生风险的预测模型,检验分类决策树模型是否优于Logistic回归模型。方法 于2023年12月,选取2013年—2022年随访记录完整的11 484名社区严重精神障碍在管患者,按8∶2随机分为训练集(n=9 186)与测试集(n=2 298)。在训练集中,分别使用Logistic回归分析和分类决策树建立预测模型,在测试集评价模型的区分度和校准度。结果 1 115例(9.71%)严重精神障碍患者在随访期间出现危险行为。Logistic回归分析结果显示,城市户籍、贫困、有监护人、精神残疾、危险行为史阳性、自知力不全、自知力缺失、有阳性症状是患者发生危险行为的危险因素(OR=1.778、1.459、2.719、1.483、3.890、1.423、2.528、2.124,P均<0.01);年龄≥60岁、受过教育、医嘱无需用药以及社会功能一般是患者发生危险行为的保护因素(OR=0.594、0.824、0.422、0.719,P<0.05或0.01)。基于测试集的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)=0.729(95% CI:0.692~0.766),准确率为70.97%,灵敏度为59.71%,特异度为72.05%;分类决策树结果显示,危险行为史、阳性症状、社会功能总评分、经济状况、自知力、户籍、残疾情况以及年龄是患者发生危险行为的影响因素,基于测试集的AUC=0.721(95% CI:0.705~0.737),准确率为68.28%,灵敏度为64.46%,特异度为68.60%。结论 分类决策树模型较Logistic回归模型对社区严重精神障碍患者危险行为发生风险的预测效果不具有更大优势。  相似文献   

4.
目的 了解芦山地震后6年雅安市城市老年人抑郁症状检出率及特点,为灾难性事件后老年人群心理干预提供参考。方法 采取多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,于2019年3月-4月选取雅安市城市老年人(年龄≥60岁)885名为研究对象,采用自制一般信息调查表收集老年人一般人口学资料、健康状况以及受灾情况,采用老年抑郁量表(GDS-30)评估其抑郁症状。采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析城市老年人抑郁症状的影响因素。结果 共回收有效问卷783份,有效问卷回收率为88.47%,检出存在抑郁症状者161例(20.56%);不同性别、年龄、婚姻状况、家庭关系、家庭人均月收入、身体锻炼情况、健康状况、生活自理情况、睡眠状况、受灾程度的城市老年人抑郁症状检出率比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或0.01)。Logistic回归分析显示,女性(OR=1.552,P=0.040)、家庭人均月收入2000~3000元(OR=6.982,P<0.01)、家庭人均月收入≤2000元(OR=6.857,P<0.01)、无身体锻炼情况(OR=1.693,P<0.01)、生活部分自理(OR=3.838,P<0.01)、生活不能自理(OR=8.547,P<0.01)、多病可治愈(OR=4.892,P<0.01)、久病难治(OR=5.657,P=0.031)的老年人出现抑郁症状的风险较高;相比于离异和丧偶者,已婚老年人出现抑郁症状的风险更低(OR=0.063,P<0.01)。结论 芦山地震后6年雅安市城市老年人抑郁症状检出率较高,其中女性、家庭人均月收入低、无身体锻炼情况、生活不能完全自理、健康状况差为出现抑郁症状的危险因素,已婚为保护因素。  相似文献   

5.
背景 抑郁、焦虑、冲动控制障碍、失眠等是帕金森病常见的非运动症状,严重影响患者生活质量。认知行为治疗(CBT)是临床上常见的针对各种心理问题的心理治疗方法,可改善帕金森病患者焦虑、失眠、抑郁症状。但CBT能否改善帕金森病患者的生活质量,目前研究结论不一致。目的 评价CBT对帕金森病患者生活质量的影响,为CBT在帕金森病患者中的应用提供参考。方法 于2023年5月25日,通过检索PubMed、PsycINFO、Embase、中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库,收集有关CBT对帕金森病患者生活质量影响的随机对照试验,并对文献进行筛选、质量评价和资料提取,收集帕金森病患者生活质量、焦虑、抑郁相关数据,采用Stata 13.0及RevMan 5.3进行分析。结果 共纳入11篇文献,总样本量为456例,其中,研究组241例,对照组215例。研究组生活质量较对照组高,差异有统计学意义(SMD=0.47,95% CI:0.27~0.67,P<0.01),焦虑和抑郁评分均较对照组低,差异均有统计学意义(SMD=-0.63,95% CI:-0.84~-0.43,P<0.01;SMD=-0.83,95% CI:-1.15~-0.51,P<0.01)。6项研究采用远程手段实施CBT,5项研究采用面对面形式实施CBT。远程CBT组生活质量高于对照组(SMD=0.43,95% CI:0.17~0.70,P<0.01),焦虑和抑郁评分均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(SMD=-0.62,95% CI:-0.91~-0.34,P<0.01;SMD=-0.78,95% CI:-1.34~-0.21,P<0.01);面对面CBT组生活质量高于对照组(SMD=0.51,95% CI:0.22~0.81,P<0.01),焦虑和抑郁评分均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(SMD=-0.64,95% CI:-0.93~-0.35,P<0.01、SMD=-0.90,95% CI:-1.20~-0.60,P<0.01)。结论 CBT可能有助于降低帕金森病患者的焦虑抑郁水平,改善其生活质量。  相似文献   

6.
目的 探讨张家口市气象因素变化与急性脑卒中疾病的相关性。方法 收集2018年2月至2020年6月在该院神经内科住院的1 426例患者资料进行回顾性分析。收集患者人口学特征、生活方式、入院时季节及入院时气候信息。根据患者入住医院病因是否为脑卒中将其分为2组,已确诊患有脑卒中疾病者为脑卒中组,其他疾病患者为非脑卒中组。比较2组患者上述各因素,并采用多因素Logistic回归分析判断各因素对脑卒中发病的综合作用。结果 调查的1 426例患者中共有327例(22.92%)为脑卒中患者,多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,患者年龄增长(OR=1.474,95%CI=1.073~2.025)、有吸烟史(OR=1.493,95%CI=1.033~2.159 )、有饮酒史(OR=1.530,95%CI=1.094~2.139)、秋季(OR=1.418,95%CI=1.006~1.998)、冬季(OR=1.464,95%CI=1.035~2.071)、月平均气温下降(OR=1.486,95%CI=1.016~2.173)、月平均气压升高(OR=1.442,95%CI=1.009~2.060)为脑卒中发病的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 张家口市脑卒中患者在秋、冬季节高发,月平均气温下降及月平均气压升高为张家口市脑卒中患者发病的危险因素,另外年龄、吸烟史、饮酒史也与脑卒中的发生密切相关。  相似文献   

7.
目的 分析抗抑郁药临床试验受试者脱落情况,讨论受试者脱落的影响因素。方法 对广州医科大学附属脑科医院2013年-2020年完成的9项抗抑郁药临床试验受试者资料进行回顾性分析,采用自编调查表采集受试者人口学资料、疾病特点及试验完成情况,分析受试者的脱落情况及影响因素。结果 共入组157例,完成120例,脱落37例。脱落原因分别为:疗效差13例(35.14%),发生不良反应12例(32.43%),撤回知情同意书8例(21.62%),失访4例(10.81%)。相关分析结果显示,受试者脱落与焦虑程度(r=0.224,P<0.01)和不良事件(r=0.158,P<0.05)呈正相关,与受教育程度(r=-0.209,P<0.01)和总体疗效(r=-0.545,P<0.01)呈负相关。二元Logistic回归分析结果显示,受教育程度(β=-0.611,OR=0.543,P<0.05)、就诊次数(β=-1.831,OR=0.160,P<0.01)和总体疗效(β=-2.286,OR=0.102,P<0.01)是受试者脱落的影响因素。结论 受教育程度低、首次就诊、疗效不佳、焦虑程度重以及发生不良事件是抗抑郁药临床试验受试者脱落的影响因素。  相似文献   

8.
目的 探究血清神经珠蛋白(NGB)、脑钠肽(BNP)水平与颅脑损伤(TBI)患者伤情严重程度及预后的相关性。方法 以127例TBI患者为研究对象,99例健康志愿者作为对照。利用ELISA法检测血清中的NGB和BNP水平,格拉斯哥预后评分(GOS)判断预后。分析TBI患者治疗前血清中NGB和BNP的含量与TBI程度的关系。结果 末次随访TBI患者预后良好组血清中NGB和BNP的含量低于预后不良组(P<0.05)。TBI患者血清中NGB和BNP的含量与TBI程度成正相关(r=0.705,0.781;P<0.05),与格拉斯哥昏迷评分(GOS)评分呈负相关(r=-0.886,-0.812;P<0.05)。血清中NGB含量与TBI程度有相关性(OR=1.059,95%CI:1.004~1.325,P=0.030)。ROC曲线结果显示,血清中BNP含量与TBI程度有相关性(OR=1.217,95%CI:1.015~1.377,P=0.020)。结论 血清NGB、BNP水平与TBI患者伤情严重程度及预后康复效果呈正相关。  相似文献   

9.
背景 伴抑郁症状的老年白内障患者自我感受负担较重,术后视觉相关生活质量较无抑郁症状的患者更差,家庭负担更重。既往研究多认为家庭关系、视力等是导致老年白内障患者出现抑郁症状的主要因素,自我感受、合并疾病等对老年白内障患者心理状态的影响研究有限。目的 探讨老年白内障患者抑郁症状与自我感受负担和术后视觉相关生活质量的关系,分析患者抑郁症状的危险因素,对其进行针对性的心理干预提供参考。方法 连续纳入2020年7月1日—2022年12月31日在江苏省人民医院(南京医科大学第一附属医院)住院治疗的老年白内障患者104例,采用自编调查问卷收集患者基本资料,采用患者健康问卷抑郁量表(PHQ-9)、自我感受负担量表(SPBS)、25项美国国家眼科研究所视功能问卷(NEI-VFQ-25)评定患者抑郁症状、自我感受负担以及术后视觉相关生活质量水平。采用Pearson相关分析考查伴抑郁症状的老年白内障患者PHQ-9、SPBS、NEI-VFQ-25评分的相关性,采用Logistic回归分析老年白内障患者抑郁症状的影响因素。结果 共100例老年白内障患者完成有效问卷调查,检出31例(31.00%)患者存在抑郁症状。抑郁组SPBS评分高于无抑郁组(t=11.062,P<0.01),NEI-VFQ-25评分低于无抑郁组(t=-5.235,P<0.01)。Pearson相关分析结果显示,伴抑郁症状的老年白内障患者PHQ-9评分与SPBS评分呈正相关(r=0.485,P<0.01),与NEI-VFQ-25评分呈负相关(r=-0.440,P<0.01)。合并糖尿病(OR=1.441,P<0.01)、合并骨关节炎(OR=1.324,P<0.05)和高SPBS评分(OR=1.340,P<0.05)是老年白内障患者出现抑郁症状的危险因素。结论 老年白内障患者抑郁症状检出率较高;伴抑郁症状的老年白内障患者术后视觉相关生活质量更低;合并糖尿病、骨关节炎以及自我感受负担较重是老年白内障患者出现抑郁症状的危险因素。  相似文献   

10.
目的 应用多普勒彩色超声诊断仪评估老年急性缺血性脑卒中(AIS)患者颈动脉斑块检出情况,总结斑块发生的高危因素,并分析其与AIS复发的相关性。方法 以2020年1月至2020年6月于常州市第一人民医院神经内科和老年医学科住院的首次发生AIS,并且72 h内入院的老年患者236例为研究对象。依据颈动脉超声检查结果分为颈动脉斑块组(199例)和无颈动脉斑块组(37例)。收集并分析2组患者的临床资料及随访1.5年后脑卒中复发情况。结果 老年AIS患者颈动脉斑块检出率为84.3%。60~69岁、70~79岁及≥80岁患者颈动脉斑块检出率分别为74.7%、86.9%、96.0%,随着年龄增长颈动脉斑块检出率逐渐增加。颈动脉斑块组女性、高血压史和糖尿病史的比例明显高于无斑块组(均P<0.05)。颈动脉斑块组与无颈动脉斑块组脑卒中复发事件发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄(OR=1.070,95%CI:1.02~1.122,P=0.005)、糖尿病史(OR=2.262,95%CI:1.055~4.850,P=0.036)、颈动脉斑块(OR=8.128,95%CI:1.077~61.348,P=0.042)是AIS复发的独立影响因素。结论 老年AIS患者颈动脉斑块检出率高。年龄、性别、高血压史、糖尿病史是颈动脉粥样硬化的危险因素。年龄、糖尿病史、颈动脉斑块与脑卒中复发事件发生相关。  相似文献   

11.
Epilepsy is a major public health problem in many tropical countries. Also, some of the tropical diseases are major contributors to the higher prevalence of epilepsy in these countries. The etiologic factors responsible for epilepsy in these countries are quite different from those in the developed world. This article discusses the etiologic factors and neuroimaging of epilepsy in light of the conditions in these tropical countries.  相似文献   

12.
抑郁是癫痫患者中常见的精神障碍,严重地影响了患者的生活质量。传统的观点认为癫痫患者因为存在着诸多社会学问题易出现抑郁倾向,癫痫和抑郁是单向的联系,但大量的研究已经证明癫痫和抑郁之间存在双向的联系,一种异常状态的存在可能易转化为另一种异常状态的发展。癫痫和抑郁存在着共同的发病机制。本文主要就癫痫和抑郁的双向联系以及抗抑郁药物在癫痫患者中的应用进行阐述。  相似文献   

13.
Summary Sudanophilic lipid accumulation is a characteristic feature of periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) of infants. At least two types of lipid-containing cells have been identified, one being the macrophage, the other the pre-myelin glial cell. A third type of lipid-containing cell has been seen in two monkeys with spontaneous PVL. Electron microscopically this cell appears to be an astrocyte. This probably represents a reaction of the astrocyte to hypoxia and may be the equivalent of the hypertrophic astrocytes found in human infants.Supported in part by NIH grant HDO 8633 and the Regional Primate Research Center Grant RR-00166  相似文献   

14.
Increase in cathepsin D activity in rat brain in aging   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
Cathepsin D-like activity in homogenates of five brain areas of 3-month-old and 24-month-old Fischer 344 rats was measured. With hemoglobin as substrate at pH 3.2, more than 90% of the activity was inhibited by pepstatin. In each area studied, activity was more than twice as high in the old rat brain: 140-160% higher in the cortex, cerebellum, pons-medulla, and striatum and 90-100% higher in the hippocampus and spinal cord. The greatly increased metabolic capacity in the absence of an increase in protein turnover may have a role in age-related pathological degeneration in the brain.  相似文献   

15.

Background:

Developing regions of the world host the majority of elderly subjects who are at risk for dementia. Reliable epidemiological data from these countries is invaluable in tackling this global problem. Scarcity of such data in literature is largely attributable to problems that are unique to developing communities worldwide.

Objective:

To classify and describe the problems that interfere with the collection of reliable epidemiological data on cognitive impairment in the elderly in developing communities, and to suggest practical solutions for some of them.

Methods:

Inferring from the experiences of a large, ongoing, population-based study on the cognitive impairments in the elderly in South India and from the review of literature.

Conclusion:

A fatalistic attitude regarding aging in the communities, significant heterogeneity in educational abilities and activities of daily living, high illiteracy among rural subjects, and lack of an organized health care system and updated demographic figures are some of the major factors that contribute to technical, namely, methodology-related problems and practical, namely, subject-related problems in such epidemiological studies.  相似文献   

16.
Summary Dopamine beta hydroxylase (DBH), the noradrenaline-synthesizing enzyme, and phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PNMT), the adrenaline-synthesizing enzyme, were assayed in 18 areas of brain stem in eight cases of parkinsonian syndromes and of four age- and postmortem delay-matched controls. Dissection was performed by the punch technique and enzyme activities assayed by radiometric methods. No significant change was found for PNMT activity. DBH activity was significantly increased in the A2-C2 area of the medulla oblongata (including the nucleus tractus solitarius) in the cases of Parkinson's disease.The A2-C2 area is known to be implicated in the control of blood pressure in rats. These findings are discussed in relation to orthostatic hypotension and the influence ofl-dopa therapy.Supported by grants from INSERM ATP 657897, ATP 8179113, CRL 79-1-356-6, DGRST (80 E 0882), FRMF, and Sandoz-France France  相似文献   

17.
In most countries men and women have the highest suicide rates in age groups over 60 years. We investigated suicide rates for the elderly in Austria, a country with one of the highest suicide rates in the world, for the period 1980–1991, using data from the Federal Statistical Division. Suicide rates remained stable over the last decade at a very high level. The mean rate for men was 85.2, for women 28.6/100 000. In men and women rates rise with age. The mean rate of men rises from 51.2 (60–64 years) to 117.3/100 000 (over 85 years); in women there is an increase from 21.4 (60–64 years) to 32.8/100 000 (over 85 years). We did not confirm findings in other countries, where suicide rates have increased in recent years.  相似文献   

18.
Recent studies have indicated that nociceptors can be classified into various types according to their physiological properties. These studies have clarified that the frequency distribution of various nociceptor types is different among body sites and animal species. In the present study, we investigated the physiological properties of rat's periodontal nociceptors in an in vitro jaw-nerve preparation. Responses were recorded from functional single filaments in the inferior alveolar nerve. To determine the nociceptor type, calibrated von Frey filaments, heat, and bradykinin (BK) stimuli were used. We found five subtypes of nociceptors in the periodontal ligaments of the lower incisor: Adelta-high threshold mechanonociceptors (Adelta-HTM, n=28), Adelta-mechanoheat nociceptors (Adelta-MH, n=6), Adelta-polymodal nociceptors (Adelta-POLY, n=26), C-high threshold mechanonociceptors (C-HTM, n=3) and C-polymodal nociceptors (C-POLY, n=4). Most nociceptors were Adelta-innervated, while only a small number of C-innervated nociceptors were found. The present results suggest that periodontal nociceptors transmit mainly fast pain, and may thus play a role in rapid detection of injure-related stimuli during mastication.  相似文献   

19.
Synaptic neurotransmission relies on maintenance of the synapse and meeting the energy demands of neurons. Defects in excitatory and inhibitory synapses have been implicated in schizophrenia, likely contributing to positive and negative symptoms as well as impaired cognition. Recently, accumulating evidence has suggested that bioenergetic systems, important in both synaptic function and cognition, are abnormal in psychiatric illnesses such as schizophrenia. Animal models of synaptic dysfunction demonstrated endophenotypes of schizophrenia as well as bioenergetic abnormalities. We report findings on the bioenergetic interplay of astrocytes and neurons and discuss how dysregulation of these pathways may contribute to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, highlighting metabolic systems as important therapeutic targets.  相似文献   

20.
Deficits in the perception of social stimuli may contribute to the characteristic impairments in social interaction in high functioning autism (HFA). Although the cortical processing of voice is abnormal in HFA, it is unclear whether this gives rise to impairments in the perception of voice gender. About 20 children with HFA and 20 matched controls were presented with voice fragments that were parametrically morphed in gender. No differences were found in the perception of gender between the two groups of participants, but response times differed significantly. The results suggest that the perception of voice gender is not impaired in HFA, which is consistent with behavioral findings of an unimpaired voice-based identification of age and identity by individuals with autism. The differences in response times suggest that individuals with HFA use different perceptual approaches from those used by typically developing individuals.  相似文献   

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