口服利培酮治疗精神分裂症

为验证利培酮治疗精神分裂症的疗效和安全性，对２０例精神分裂症住院患者给予利培酮４～８ｍｇ／ｄ治疗，疗程８周，以阳性和阴性症状量表（ＰＡＮＳＳ）、大体评定量表（ＧＡＳ）和临床总体印象量表（ＣＧＩ）评定疗效，以锥体外系副反应量表（ＥＳＲＳ）和不良反应量表（ＴＥＳＳ）评定药物不良反应。结果显示，治疗结束时显效率为９０％。利培酮的起效时间在１０天左右，仅有轻度的锥体外系副反应和失眠。提示利培酮对精神分裂症的阳性和阴性症状都有良好的疗效，且安全性较高     

利培酮治疗难治性精神分裂症临床分析

目的：评价对利培酮对难治性精神分裂症的疗效与副作用。方法：对我住院的难治性精神分裂症３０例换用利培酮治疗２４周。用阳性与阴性症状量表（ＰＡＮＳＳ）评定疗效,用副反应量表（ＴＥＳＳ）及锥体外系副反应量表（ＥＳＲＳ）评定副作用。结果：ＰＡＮＳＳ部分、ＰＡＮＳＳ－Ｇ（一般精神病理）分、ＰＡＮＳＳ－Ｐ（阳性症状）分治疗前后有显著差异。ＰＡＮＳＳ总分及各分量表分均自治疗１２周末起有显著下降,说明自第１２周末开始显效。ＰＡＮＳＳ部分减分率≥２０％者１８例,≥５０％者５例,有效率为６０％。最常见的副作用是ＥＰＳ（６／３０）,但症状多较轻。结论：利培酮对难治精神分裂症有肯定的疗效,副反应轻微。     

利培酮和氯氮平对精神分裂症阴性症状的疗效及不良反应比较

目的比较利培酮与氯氮平对精神分裂症阴性症状的疗效和不良反应。方法应用利培酮和氯氮平治疗精神分裂症各２０例，其阴性症状评定量表评分≥６５分者入组。用阴性症状评定量表（ＳＡＮＳ）评定疗效，用副反应量表（ＴＥＳＳ）评定药物不良反应。结果利培酮和氯氮平对精神分裂症阴性症状的疗效相当，起效时间为２周。两药的副反应不同，利培酮多见锥体外系反应，而氯氮平多见心动过速、嗜睡、流涎、便秘等。结论利培酮对精神分裂症阴性症状有效、疗效与氯氮平相当。     

利培酮与氯丙嗪治疗阳性症状为主 精神分裂症的研究

目的观察利培酮治疗阳性症状为主精神分裂症的疗效及副作用。方法与氯丙嗪对照,疗程１０周,用四级临床疗效、简明精神病评定量表（ＢＰＲＳ）、阳性症状量表（ＳＡＰＳ）评定疗效,用副反应量表（ＴＥＳＳ）观察不良反应。结果利培酮起效时间平均（１０５６±４．２３）天,痊愈率２３８１％,显效率７１４３％,与氯丙嗪组接近;不良反应以锥体外系症状、激越较常见,出现率及严重程度与氯丙嗪组比较无显著性差异（Ｐ＞００５）。结论利培酮对精神分裂症阳性症状的疗效及副作用与氯丙嗪相当     

利培酮与氯氮平治疗精神分裂症对照研究

目的 评价利培酮治疗精神分裂症的疗效和副作用。方法 将５９例精神分裂症住院病人随机分配到利培酮１组,利培酮２组和氯氮平组（２０例）,治疗８周。用阳性与阴性症状量表（ＰＡＮＳＳ）评定疗效,用副反应量表及锥体外系副反应量表评定副反应。结果 利培酮两个剂量组与氯氮平组之间疗效无显著性差异。在认知因子,阴性因子,ＰＡＮＳＳ总分减分率方面,利培酮组与氯氮平组有显著性差异,利培酮的副反应有锥体外系反应、失眠、     

利培酮与氯氮平治疗精神分裂症的对照研究

６０例ＰＡＮＳＳ总分≥６０，符合ＤＳＭ－Ⅳ精神分裂症诊断标准的患者，分别给予利培酮或氯氮平治疗。经８周随机对照研究发现，ＰＡＮＳＳ、ＣＧＩ、ＥＳＲＳ、ＴＥＳＳ量表评定显示，利培酮治疗精神分裂症疗效肯定，有效率９６．７％，与氯氮平相仿。利培酮在治疗１周后起效，阴性症状见效尤早，剂量较小者锥体外系副反应轻，其它不良反应发生率和严重程度较氯氮平明显少而轻，治疗的依从性与生活质量较高。本研究证实，利培酮是     

低剂量利培酮治疗首发精神分裂症的临床研究

目的：验证低剂量利培酮（≤２ｍｇ／ｄ）治疗首发精神分裂症的疗效。方法：对１５例符合ＩＣＤ－１０和ＣＣＭＤ－２－Ｒ诊断的门诊首发病人进行８周低剂量利培酮治疗,以阳性症状和阴性症状量表（ＰＡＮＳＳ）等评定疗效和副作用。结果：显效率８０％,有效率９３．３％,起效时间一周,结论：低剂量利培酮治疗首发精神分裂症是可行的和有效的,且安全性更好。     

奥氮平和利培酮治疗精神分裂症临床对照研究

目的比较奥氮平和利培酮对精神分裂症的治疗效果和安全性。方法以奥氮平与利培酮对120例精神分裂症患者进行为期6周的对照治疗,采用阳性和阴性症状量表（PANSS）评定疗效,用副反应量表（TESS）评定副反应。结果奥氮平组显效率76．7％,有效率95％;利培酮组显效率76．7％。有效率93％。奥氮平的主要副反应为嗜睡,利培酮的主要副反应为锥体外系反应。结论两药治疗精神分裂痘均有良好疗效．且安全性较高。     

思瑞康与利培酮治疗精神分裂症对照研究

目的：探讨思瑞康治疗精神分裂症的疗效及副反应。方法：以思康与利培酮治疗精神分裂症各２０例作对照研究,采用阳性症状与阴性症状量表（ＰＡＮＳＳ）、不良反应症状量表（ＴＥＳＳ）评定疗效及副反应。结果：利培酮组有效率８０％,显效率４０％;思瑞康组有效率８９％,显效率７８％。均无明显锥外系反应,仅表现为兴奋激越等副反应。结论：该两种药对治疗精神分裂症均有确切疗效,且安全性相对高,思瑞康对症状的改善可能更好。     

氯氮平合并利培酮治疗难治性精神分裂症观察

目的：观察氯氮平合并利培酮治疗难治性精神分裂症的疗效和安全性。方法：对30例难治性精神分裂症患者给予氯氮平合并利培酮治疗，疗效8周，治疗前和治疗后进行阳性与阴性症状量表（PANSS）评定疗效和不良反应量表（TESS）评定副作用。结果：治疗8周后总有效率为66.7％，治疗前后PANSS总分及各分量表分均有显著差异。常见副作用是锥体外系症状（EPS），但程度较轻。结论：两药合并治疗难治性精神分裂症是一种有效的治疗方法，安全性高，耐受性及依从性好。     

Sense of coherence as a predictor of subjective state of health: results of 4 years of follow-up of adults

A number of cross-sectional population studies have shown that a strong sense of coherence (SOC) is associated with various aspects of good perceived health. The association does not seem to be entirely attributable to underlying associations of SOC with other variables, such as age or level of education. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study reported here was to determine whether SOC predicted subjective state of health. METHODS: The study was carried out as a two-way panel mail survey of 1976 individuals with 4 years interval for two collections of data. The statistical method used was multivariate cumulative logistic modeling. Age, initial subjective state of health, initial occupational training level, and initial degree of social integration were included as potential explanatory variables. RESULTS: A strong SOC predicted good health in women and men. CONCLUSIONS: SOC can be interpreted as an autonomous internal resource contributing to a favorable development of subjective state of health. SOC data should, however, be regarded as complementary to and not a substitute for information already known to be associated with increased risk of future ill health.     

Bibliography of officers of department of mental hygiene

Psychiatric Quarterly -     

Denervation study of synapses of organ of corti of old world monkeys

Fine structural characteristics of synapses in the spiral organ of Corti were examined, with reference to differences between inner and outer haircell systems, and to location of neurons of origin of efferent axons. Surgical interruption of crossed olivocochlear bundle, of vestibular nerve, of facial nerve, and excision of superior cervical ganglia were used to determine the pathways of efferent axons. Interruption of the vestibular nerve near the brainstem results in degeneration of all efferent terminals on outer hair cells. Mid-line lesions at, and caudal to, the facial colliculus result in degeneration of about half of these efferent terminals. Efferent synaptic bulbs to the inner hair-cell system are small, of the order of one micron, and form type 2 junctions with afferent dendrites. They tend to have more large dense-core vesicles (about 80 nm) than the large efferent terminals of the outer hair-cell system, and appear to be the terminals of axons in the habenula perforata, which exhibit varicosities laden with large dense core vesicles. The varicosities are unaffected by excision of the superior cervical ganglia. So far as our material can reveal, it appears that the varicosities in the habenula perforata do not survive vestibular root interruption, nor do the efferent processes in the internal spiral bundle or at the base of inner hair cells. Most interestingly, the afferent processes of the inner hair-cell system, as identified for example by their relation to pre-synaptic bodies in the inner hair cells, are subject to a trans-synaptic reaction after severance of the vestibular root. They undergo a dramatic cytological transformation, characterized by increase of volume, engorgement with microtubules, microfilaments, microvesicles of various sizes, and clusters of lysosomes. Thus, both the efferent and afferent terminals of the inner hair-cell system show marked cytological differences from the corresponding terminals of the outer hair cell system.     

Mechanism of action of tubocurarine on nicotinic cholinoreceptors of neurons of the sympathetic ganglia of rats

Tubocurarine (Tc) effect on membrane currents elicited by acetylcholine (ACh) was studied in isolated superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat using patch-clamp method in the whole-cell recording mode. The "use-dependent" block of ACh current by Tc was revealed in the experiments with ACh applications, indicating that Tc blocked the channels opened by ACh. Mean lifetime of Tc-open channel complex, tau, was found to be 9.8 +/- 0.5 s (n = 7) at -50 mV and 20-24 degrees C. tau exponentially increased with membrane hyperpolarization (e-fold change in tau corresponded to the membrane potential shift by 61 mV). Inhibition of the ACh-induced current by Tc (3-30 microM/1) was completely abolished by membrane depolarization to the level of 80-100 mV. Inhibition of ACh-induced current was augmented at increased ACh doses. It is concluded that the open channel block produced by Tc is likely to be the only mechanism for Tc action on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat.