重型颅脑外伤患者急性期心率变异性分析及意义

目的　探讨重型颅脑外伤患者急性期心率变异性 (HRV)变化及意义。方法　对 40例重型颅脑外伤患者急性期HRV进行测定 ,并与对照组进行比较 ,所得数据采用t检验进行处理。结果　脑外伤组HRV时域指标及频域指标均明显低于对照组 (P <0 0 1或 <0 0 5 )。脑外伤组死亡者HRV各项指标中 ,除相邻R R间期之差的标准差 (rMSSD)、相邻R R间期之差 >5 0ms的心搏数所占百分比 (PNN5 0 )、高频功率 (HF)外 ,其他各项指标均明显低于存活者 (P <0 0 5 )。脑外伤组死亡者相邻正常R R间期标准差(SDNN)、R R间期平均值的标准差 (SDANN)、R R间期标准差的平均值 (SDNNIndex)、总功率 (TP)、低频功率 (LF)分别比对照组降低了5 6 89%、5 9 44 %、5 1 65 %、65 3 9%、76 45 %。结论　重型颅脑外伤患者急性期HRV指标明显降低 ,且与预后有关。早期进行HRV分析 ,对重型颅脑外伤的预后评估具有重要的参考价值。     

高血压脑出血患者心率变异性与早期神经功能恶化的相关性

目的观察高血压脑出血(HCH)患者的心率变异性(HRV),记录HCH患者早期神经功能恶化(END)发生情况,并分析心率变异性与END的关系。方法选择河南科技大学第二附属医院2018-01—2019-12收治的72例HCH患者为研究对象,12例发生END,60例未发生END,于治疗前对患者实施动态心电图检查,获取HRV时域指标[24 h每5 s R-R间期平均值标准差(SDNN)、相邻R-R间期差值50 ms的心搏数占比(PNN50)、24 h相邻R-R间期差值的均方根(r-MSSD)];计算HRV频域指标[低频功率(LF)、高频功率(HF)],记录患者治疗后END发生率,分析HRV时域及频域指标与END的关系。结果 72例HCH患者的END发生率为16.67%;END组SDNN、r-MSSD、PNN50、LF、HF均低于非END组,差异有统计学意义(t=3.767、3.516、3.497、3.758、3.423,P0.001、0.001、0.001、0.001、0.001);经Logistic回归分析显示,SDNN、r-MSSD、PNN50、LF、HF低水平是HCH患者发生END的影响因素(OR=1.057、1.317、9.382、1.006、1.017,P=0.002、0.005、0.003、0.002、0.003);绘制ROC曲线显示,SDNN、r-MSSD、PNN50、LF、HF单项检测用于HCH患者END发生风险预测的AUC分别为:0.802、0.854、0.811、0.812、0.815,均0.80,均有一定预测价值。结论 HCH患者END发生率高,HRV与END发生关系密切,可考虑在未来将HRV作为HCH患者END发生的预测指标。     

复发性抑郁症与长期住院精神分裂症患者的心率变异性差异

目的 比较复发性抑郁症与长期住院精神分裂症患者之间心率变异性（HRV）的差异。 方法 回顾性连续纳入2014 年1 月至2019 年1 月于上海交通大学医学院附属精神卫生中心精神科住 院治疗的多次发作的抑郁症或长期住院精神分裂症患者各120 例，两组患者性别、年龄相匹配。对两 组患者分别开展HRV 检测，使用24 h 动态心电图记录仪和心率变异分析软件进行检测，并对HRV相关 指标R-R间期标准差（ SDNN）、相邻R-R间期差值的均方根（ rMSSD）、相邻R-R间期之间差值＞50 ms的 百分比（PNN50）、低频功率（LF）、高频功率（HF）、LF与HF之间的比值（LF/HF）的结果进行组间比较。采 用Spearman 相关分析分析两组患者住院次数与HRV 各指标的相关性。结果 复发性抑郁症患者组时 阈指标SDNN 高于长期住院精神分裂症组［121.0（95.0，158.0）比111.0（87.0，144.0）ms，t=2.214］，rMSSD、 PNN50 低于长期住院精神分裂症组［22.0（13.0，46.0）比20.0（12.0，28.0）ms，t=3.832；3.0（0，13.0）% 比2.0（0， 7.0）%，t=2.571］，差异均有统计学意义（均P＜ 0.05）；两组频阈指标差异无统计学意义（均P＞ 0.05）。进 一步采用Spearman 相关分析结果显示，复发性抑郁症患者住院次数与rMSSD（r=0.270，P=0.003）、PNN50 （r=0.263，P=0.004）、HF（r=0.246，P=0.015）相关，但精神分裂症患者住院次数与HRV各分析指标无相关（均 P＞ 0.05）。结论 复发性抑郁症患者的自主神经功能失调较长期住院精神分裂症患者严重，复发性抑 郁症患者的住院次数影响患者HRV时阈指标     

快眼动睡眠行为障碍与心率变异性的关系研究

目的 探讨快眼动睡眠行为障碍(REM sleep behavior disorder,RBD)患者的心率变异指标,评估心脏自主神经功能的情况。方法 本研究选取2016年1月-2017年12月就诊于新疆医科大学第五附属医院神经内科门诊及住院的患者,并经视频多导睡眠监测(vPSG)且符合RBD诊断标准的患者30例作为病例组,其中特发性RBD 5例,帕金森病(PD)伴RBD 12例,多系统萎缩(MSA)伴RBD 8例,进行性核上性麻痹(PSP)伴RBD 5例。另选健康对照者25例。使用动态心电图的心率变异(HRV)分析来定量测定30例RBD患者和25例健康对照者的时域及频域分析指标,比较2组的HRV情况。结果 病例组患者的时域分析指标如NN间期标准差(SDNN)、每5 min NN间期标准差(SDANN)、每5 min NN间期标准差的均值(ASDNN)及相邻NN间期差值的均方根(rMSSD)均较健康对照组低(P均<0.05)。病例组频域分析指标低频功率(LF)、高频功率(HF)、LF/HF均较健康对照组低(P均<0.05)。结论 RBD患者存在不同程度的HRV下降情况,提示心脏自主神经功能损害。     

心率变异性对原发性震颤和早期震颤型帕金森病的诊断价值

目的研究心率变异性(HRV)对原发性震颤(ET)和早期震颤型帕金森病(PD)的诊断价值。方法对26例ET患者(ET组)、30例早期震颤型PD患者(早期震颤型PD组)和23例健康对照者(健康对照组)进行24 h ECG检查,比较HRV指标的差异。结果与健康对照组比较,早期震颤型PD组全程NN间期的标准差(SDNN)、相邻NN之差的均方根(RMSSD)、低频功率(LF)和高频功率(HF)显著降低(均P0.01),LF/HF差异无统计学意义(P0.05);ET组RMSSD显著降低(P0.05),SDNN、LF、HF和LF/HF差异无统计学意义(均P0.05)。与早期震颤型PD组比较,ET组SDNN、LF和HF均显著升高(均P0.01),RMSSD、LF/HF差异无统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论震颤型PD患者存在交感和迷走神经的双重损害,早期几乎所有的HRV参数均显著降低。HRV可能有助于区分震颤型PD及ET。     

苯那普利对2型糖尿病合并脑血管疾病自主神经的影响

目的 研究血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂苯那普利对2型糖尿病并脑血管疾病患者自主神经的影响。方法 40例2型糖尿病并脑血管疾病患者服苯那普利(5～10mg／d，共8周)，前后行24h．动态心电图检查，分析心率功率谱时域和频域指标。结果 苯那普利使心率变异性时域指标正常，RR间期的标准差(SDNN)、每连续5min时段标准差(SDANN)、相邻RR间期之差的均方根值(rMSSD)和频域指标高频(HF)显著增加，频域指标总频谱(TF)、低频(LF)和LF／HF明显降低。结论 苯那普利对糖尿病并脑血管疾病患者心率变异性产生有益作用，并对预防心脑血管病症再发有重要意义。     

癌症相关创伤后应激障碍患者心率变异性研究

目的:探讨癌症相关创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)患者的心率变异性(HRV). 方法:采用临床用创伤后应激功能障碍诊断量表(CAPS)对150例癌症患者进行诊断性访谈,并分为PTSD组(37例)和非PTSD组(nPTSD组,30例);应用PTSD自评量表(PCL-C)对两组患者进行评估;采用生理相干与自主神经平衡系统对PTSD组、nPTSD组、健康对照(NC)组(30名)进行短时HRV检测,分析HRV指标与PTSD核心症状的相关性. 结果:与nPTSD组和NC组比较,PTSD组平静状态下R-R间期标准差(SDNN)和高频功率(HF)较显著下降,低频功率(LF)/HF显著升高(P均＜0.001);应激状态下PTSD组SDNN应激差值明显降低,HF和LF/HF应激差值显著增高(P均＜0.001);HRV指标与PTSD核心症状的严重程度显著相关(P均＜0.05). 结论:癌症相关PTSD患者自主神经功能紊乱,其核心症状的严重程度与自主神经功能紊乱显著相关.     

苯那普利对2型糖尿病合并脑血管疾病自主神经的影响

目的 研究血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂苯那普利对2型糖尿病并脑血管疾病患者自主神经的影响。方法 40例2型糖尿病并脑血管疾病患者服苯那普利(5～10mg/d,共8周),前后行24h动态心电图检查,分析心率功率谱时域和频域指标。结果 苯那普利使心率变异性时域指标正常,RR间期的标准差(SDNN)、每连续5min时段标准差(SDANN)、相邻RR间期之差的均方根值(rMSSD)和频域指标高频(HF)显著增加,频域指标总频谱(TF)、低频(LF)和LF/HF明显降低。结论 苯那普利对糖尿病并脑血管疾病患者心率变异性产生有益作用,并对预防心脑血管病症再发有重要意义。     

躯体化症状为主的抑郁症心率变异性对照研究

目的：探讨躯体化症状为主的抑郁症患者自主神经系统的特点及抑郁症躯体化表现的发生机制。方法：对30例躯体化症状为主的患者（A组）和30例情绪症状为主的患者（B组）及30例健康正常者（C组）分别进行汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）和汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）评定及短时（10min）心率变异性（HRV）分析。结果：A、B、C3组HRV分析指标RR间期标准差（SDNN）分别为（50.84±19.92）ms、（94.93±28.80）ms、（105.77±22.05）ms,A组显著低于C组（t=5.68,P〈0.01）,较B组低（t=3.73,P〈0.05）;3组LF/HF分别为（6.26±2.11）ms、（3.51±2.44）ms、（1.80±1.07）ms,A组显著高于C组（t=6.35,P〈0.01）,较B组高（t=2.50,P〈0.05）;A组HAMD评分（28.30±6.26）分高于B组（24.35±6.69）分,二者差异有显著性（t=3.14,P〈0.05）;A组HAMA评分（22.70±4.92）分显著高于B组（13.05±4.71）分,二者差异有显著性（t=6.17,P〈0.01）;HAMD焦虑/躯体化因子分与HRV指标SDNN、LF、HF、VLF和LF/HF均呈中度相关（r分别为0.49、0.61、0.58、0.50、0.63）（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。结论：躯体化症状表现为主的抑郁症患者多伴有焦虑,自主神经功能紊乱。     

低剂量奥氮平抗抑郁增效作用及对自主神经功能影响的对照研究

目的:探讨低剂量奥氮平对5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂(SSRIs)抗抑郁的增效作用及对抑郁障碍(MDD)患者心血管的安全性。方法:61例MDD患者随机分为研究组(29例)和对照组(32例),两组在SSRI治疗的基础上,研究组联合奥氮平5 mg/d;疗程均为4周。治疗前后进行汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)评定及心率变异性(HRV)分析。结果:1治疗后两组HAMD及HAMA评分较治疗前显著降低(P均0.01),且研究组HAMA评分显著低于对照组(P0.01);两组间治疗前HAMD评分及治疗前后HAMD评分比较差异无统计学意义。2治疗后两组HRV指标中的正常RR间期标准差(SDNN)及高频功率(HF)显著升高(P均0.05),低频功率(LF)治疗前后差异无统计学意义;两组间HRV各项指标比较差异无统计学意义。结论:低剂量奥氮平对SSRIs具有一定的抗抑郁增效作用,短期使用对血管安全性没有影响。     

焦虑障碍患者焦虑敏感与特质焦虑的相关研究

目的:探讨焦虑障碍患者焦虑敏感与特质焦虑、临床特征的相关性。方法:68例焦虑障碍患者(焦虑组)根据汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)评分≥7分为分界值,分为焦虑未缓解组43例和缓解组25例,进行焦虑敏感测定量表(ASI-R)及状态-特质焦虑问卷中特质焦虑量表部份(T-AI)的评定;ASI-R评分结果与70名正常对照(正常对照组)进行比较,分析ASI-R评分与T-AI总分及临床特征的相关性。结果:焦虑组ASI-R总分、对躯体感觉的焦虑因子分、对躯体感觉的恐惧因子分、对认知失控焦虑恐惧因子分、对社会后果焦虑恐惧因子分均高于正常对照组(t分别=8.51,9.00,8.15,8.74,3.24;P均<0.01)。焦虑缓解组ASI-R总分、及对躯体感觉的焦虑因子分、对躯体感觉的恐惧因子分、对认知失控焦虑恐惧因子分均高于正常对照组(t分别=4.41,3.37,4.24,3.76;P均<0.01);未缓解组ASI-R总分及各因子分高于缓解组(t分别=3.30,3.41,2.61,2.78,2.14;P<0.05或P<0.01)。经相关分析,ASI-R总分、及躯体感觉的焦虑因子分、对认知失控的焦虑恐惧因子分与T-AI总分显著相关(r分别=0.33,0.28,0.40;P<0.05或P<0.01);ASI-R总分、对认知失控焦虑恐惧因子分、对社会后果焦虑恐惧因子分与病程显著相关(r分别=0.27,0.26,0.31;P均<0.05)。结论:焦虑障碍患者的焦虑敏感程度高于正常人群;焦虑敏感水平部分与焦虑特质有关。     

Examination of the decline in symptoms of anxiety and depression in generalized anxiety disorder: impact of anxiety sensitivity on response to pharmacotherapy

Pharmacotherapy is an effective treatment for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), but few studies have examined the nature of decline of anxiety and depression during pharmacotherapy for GAD and even fewer studies have examined predictors of symptom decline. This study examined the decline in symptoms of anxiety and depression in patients with GAD during a 6-week open trial of fluoxetine. Growth curve analyses indicated that pharmacotherapy with fluoxetine led to significant declines in symptoms of anxiety and depression over the 6 weeks of treatment. However, the decay slope observed for anxiety symptoms was significantly greater than that for depressive symptoms. Further analyses revealed that the decline in anxiety remained significant after accounting for the changes in symptoms of depression. However, the effect of treatment on depression was no longer significant after controlling for the reduction in anxiety symptoms. Overall anxiety sensitivity (AS) did not moderate the level of reduction in symptoms of anxiety or depression during pharmacotherapy. However, AS specific to physical concerns demonstated a marginal negative association with decline in anxiety and depression. AS specific to social concerns also demonstrated a marginal negative association with decline in anxiety symptoms. These findings suggest that the decline in anxiety symptoms is independent of the decline in symptoms of depression during pharmacotherapy for GAD and specific AS dimensions may predict symptom change in GAD.     

Sertraline in generalized anxiety disorder: efficacy in treating the psychic and somatic anxiety factors

OBJECTIVE: The objective was to study the efficacy of sertraline on symptoms of psychic and somatic anxiety in patients suffering from moderate-to-severe generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). METHOD: Out-patients with DSM-IV GAD were randomized to 12 weeks of double-blind treatment with placebo. The psychic and somatic anxiety factors of the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) and the Quality of Life, Enjoyment, and Satisfaction Questionnaire were analyzed. RESULTS: Treatment with sertraline resulted in significantly greater last observation carried forward (LOCF)-endpoint improvement than placebo on both the HAM-A psychic and somatic anxiety factors. At LOCF-endpoint, all items on the HAM-A psychic factor were more improved on sertraline than placebo, as were three of seven items on the somatic factor. Reduction of secondary depressive symptoms was more correlated with endpoint improvement in quality of life than either psychic- or somatic anxiety. CONCLUSION: Sertraline treatment demonstrated efficacy for both the psychic and somatic anxiety symptoms of GAD.     

A community-based epidemiological study of health anxiety and generalized anxiety disorder

This community-based study examined the frequency of worry about personal health in respondents with and without generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and the impact of health anxiety on the disorder. A random community-based telephone survey of 5118 Chinese respondents aged 18–64 was conducted. A fully structured questionnaire covered the DSM-IV-TR criteria of GAD, major depressive episode (MDE), eight domains of worry, the seven-item Whiteley Index (WI-7), health service use, and socio-demographic information. Worry about personal health ranked fifth (75.6%) among eight domains of worries examined. GAD respondents with high level of health anxiety were significantly older, less educated, and had lower family income. High health anxiety significantly increased the occurrence of one-year MDE, previous persistent worry, previous persistent low mood, number of domains of worries, number of non-core DSM-IV-TR GAD symptoms, health service use, and mistrust of doctors. Health anxiety is common in GAD and may signify greater severity of the disorder.     

Anger experience and expression across the anxiety disorders

The purpose of this study was to explore possible differences in the experience and expression of anger across four anxiety disorder groups and non-clinical controls. Anger was assessed by two measures, the Reaction Inventory and the Aggression Questionnaire, in 112 individuals who met DSM-IV criteria for panic disorder (PD) with or without agoraphobia (n=40), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD; n=30), social phobia, (SOC; n=28), and specific phobia (SPC; n=14) as well as non-clinical controls (n=49). Patients with PD, OCD, and SOC reported a significantly greater propensity to experience anger than controls, whereas patients with SPC exhibited no differences in anger experience in comparison to controls. In addition, patients with PD reported significantly greater levels of anger aggression compared to both controls and patients with OCD, and patients with SOC reported significantly lower levels of verbal aggression than controls. Most, but not all, of these differences disappeared when symptoms of depression were controlled in the analyses. The implications of these findings and future directions for research are discussed.     

Separation anxiety in the elderly

Separation anxiety has been studied in children and young adults but little is known about this form of anxiety in older people. This study aimed to examine socio-demographic, psychological and physical health correlates of separation anxiety in the elderly. Eighty-six ambulatory subjects aged 62-87 years were recruited from primary medical care practices to participate in this study. The presence of lifetime DSM-IV affective and anxiety disorders was determined by structured clinical interview. Subjects also completed a battery of self-report questionnaires measuring levels of state and trait anxiety, juvenile and adult separation anxiety. Adult separation anxiety scores were moderately correlated with juvenile separation anxiety scores (r= .52, P < .001), trait anxiety (r = .55, P < .001) and state anxiety scores (r = .66, P < .001), as well as younger age (r = .39, P < .001). Higher adult separation anxiety scores were also associated with a lifetime history of any anxiety disorder (t = 3.74, df = 84, P < .001) or any affective disorder (t = 2.12, df = 84, P < .05). However, adult separation anxiety was not associated with increasing age, being widowed, living alone or poorer physical health. Clinicians working with the elderly need to routinely explore this form of anxiety as it may complicate the pattern of presentation of other anxiety and affective disorders, and require specific forms of intervention.     

汉密尔顿焦虑量表的因素结构研究

目的:探索汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)的因素结构.方法:对562名门诊抑郁症、焦虑症、强迫症患者进行HAMA测评.通过探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析的方法探索和评价HAMA的因素结构. 结果:探索性主成分分析结果显示,HAMA可分为7因子模型,验证性因素分析各拟合指标均达到测量标准(x2=1.184,RMAEA =0....     

城乡大学生焦虑及社交焦虑的调查分析

目的 了解城乡大学生焦虑及社交焦虑状况。方法 采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、社交苦恼及回避量表(SAD)、交往焦虑量表(IAS)、自我意识的社交焦虑量表(SASS)对122名城乡大学生进行测量分析。结果 SAS显示大学生焦虑状态检出率为38．52％；SAS均分显著高于常模；城镇大学生，较之来自农村大学生焦虑状态更为突出；其他量表未显示出差异。结论 大学生存在一定程度的焦虑情绪，城镇大学生更为突出，城乡大学生在社交焦虑方面没有区别。