颈部血管彩超评价缺血性脑血管病的临床意义

目的探讨颈部血管彩色超声对缺血性脑血管疾病的临床意义。方法选取40例缺血性脑血管疾病患者为研究组,选取同期40例非缺血性脑血管疾病患者为对照组,对2组患者进行颈部血管彩超检查,观察检查结果。结果研究组颈动脉粥样硬化斑块检出率达100.0%。对照组为15.0%,研究组明显高于对照组(P0.05)。研究组颈动脉狭窄程度检出率87.5%,对照组为10.0%,研究组明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论临床对缺血性脑血管疾病患者应用颈部血管彩色超声可以较好对颈动脉狭窄进行诊断,对预防或治疗缺血性脑血管疾病具有重要的临床意义。     

脑缺血性疾病的血管内治疗进展

随着介入放射治疗技术的发展 ,血管内治疗已成为治疗脑缺血性疾病的一个重要手段。本文从超选择脑动脉接触性溶栓治疗、经皮穿刺脑血管成形术 (PTA)、经皮内膜斑块切除术和超声血管内成形术及静脉窦逆行灌注等方面对此领域作一综述。     

短暂性脑缺血发作患者脑血管超声评估与治疗选择

目的 评价脑血管超声检查在短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)患者的病因诊断与治疗方法选择中的作用.方法 对79例确诊TIA患者的临床特征、脑血管检查结果和治疗方法的选择进行分析.结果 62例(78.5％)患者症状持续时间＜1 h;发作次数≥2次的病例65例(占82.3％),且多存在高血压、糖尿病等血管病变基础.颈动脉超声发现55例(69.6％)的患者存在血管病变,经颅多普勒(TCD)结果提示64例(81.0％)患者有血管损害.TCD与磁共振血管显影(MRA)、CT血管造影(CTA)及数字减影血管造影(DSA)的符合率分别是70.9％(22/31)、52.2％(12/23)、75.0％(15/20).结论 血管病变是TIA的重要原因,早期血管影像学检查是确诊和临床干预治疗的重要依据,血管超声是及时便捷的筛选方法.     

短暂性脑缺血发作的脑血管造影及动脉溶栓治疗

目的 了解短暂性脑缺血发作（ＴＩＡ）患的脑血管病变基础，探索ＴＩＡ的治疗方法。方法 对２０例ＴＩＡ患行全脑血管造影，了解血管病变的情况。针对其中１８例显示有脑血管动脉硬化斑块造成血管管腔狭窄或大脑半球普遍供血不良的患行尿激酶动脉溶栓治疗。并进行随访观察。结果 在２０例ＴＩＡ患中大脑半球供血减少２例，大脑中动脉狭窄１１例，颈内动脉狭窄５例（合并大脑前动脉狭窄、椎动脉狭窄各１例），未见血管异常     

血管内超声在缺血性脑血管疾病支架置入过程中的应用与评价

目的：脑血管内支架置入已逐渐成为治疗缺血性脑血管疾病一种重要方法,但支架置入后的再狭窄成为当前疾病治疗的主要局限。为此对超声在判断和减少血管支架置入再狭窄的应用效果和价值进行探讨。 方法：由第一作者检索维普数据库和中国期刊全文数据库有关缺血性脑血管疾病支架置入的超声评价方面的文献,共检索到22篇文献,对资料进行初审,最终纳入6篇进行分析。纳入标准：①血管内超声在颈动脉支架置入前的应用。②血管内超声指导支架置入及其效果评价。③彩色多普勒超声及经颅彩色多普勒超声对颈动脉支架置入后近期及远期效果的评价。排除标准：较陈旧的文献和重复研究。 结果：①血管内超声在支架置入前可精确测量血管管腔的狭窄程度、狭窄长度及血管腔面积,以便选择大小、长度适合的支架,指导支架行之有效的放置。②血管内超声探头可以观察到支架扩张是否完全,扩张后的支架是否对称,精确测量扩张后支架的大小以及支架与血管壁的紧贴程度。③彩色多普勒超声及经颅彩色多普勒超声可以监测血管支架置入后的近期及远期效果,早期发现、早期治疗,减少血管再狭窄的发生。明确血管支架内发生再狭窄的原因,指导对支架内发生再狭窄的治疗,降低再狭窄的发生率,进一步改善支架置入效果。 结论：血管内超声弥补了数字减影血管造影的不足,在其指导下的支架置入可获得较大的支架面积和较小的再狭窄率。在血管支架置入后,血管内超声可准确检测支架的扩张程度及血管壁内贴壁情况,彩色多普勒超声及经颅彩色多普勒超声定期监测支架内的血流情况,对血管内支架置入后再狭窄的评估及预防再狭窄具有重要的应用价值。     

经颅彩色双功能超声检查监测治疗TIA颅内血管狭窄

经颅彩色双功能超声检查(TCCD)为近年来超声技术的新发展,能在颅内血管显像的同时,测其血流多普勒信号并作出频谱显示,可根据血流与超声束的角度校正血流速度。这样得出的结果更加准确,不易与其它血管混淆,因而在颅内疾病,尤其是在脑血管疾病中显示出了良好的应用前景。本文对116例用经颅彩色双功能超声检查确诊为颅内血管狭窄的短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)病人进行为期3个月的监测治疗,现报告如下:     

烟雾病的诊断和治疗进展

烟雾病(Moyamoya disease,MMD)又称作脑底异常血管网病,是一种双侧颈内动脉(internal carotid artery,ICA)、大脑前动脉(anterior cerebral artery,ACA)及大脑中动脉(middle cere-bral artery,MCA)起始部进行性狭窄或闭塞,颅底代偿形成异常血管网为特征的脑血管疾病。1969年日本学者Suzuki和Takaku首先报道该病,因脑血管造影中异常血管网模糊不清,     

颈动脉超声联合经颅多普勒超声对缺血性脑血管病的诊断价值

目的探讨颈动脉超声与经颅多普勒超声联合在缺血性脑血管疾病中的价值及意义分析。方法选取2018-01—2019-12在济源市人民医院接受缺血性脑血管疾病治疗的308例患者为研究组。并选取同时期进行体检的150名健康者作为对照组。2组均行颈动脉超声与经颅多普勒超声联合检测,并比较其检测结果。结果研究组椎动脉及基底动脉的Vm低于对照组,而PI指数则高于对照组(P0.05);经颅多普勒与颈动脉超声联合检测的敏感性为97.0%(228/235)、特异性为86.3%(63/73)、阳性预测值为95.8%(228/238),均高于单纯的经颅多普勒超声的88.1%(207/235)、71.2%(52/73)、90.8%(207/228),2组比较存在明显差异(P0.05)。结论对缺血性脑血管疾病患者采用颈动脉超声与经颅多普勒超声联合的检测方法,能够有助于对病情进行及时、有效的判定,且符合度相对较高,利于临床治疗方案的确立及有效实施。     

颈部血管超声与经颅多普勒联合检测颅内、外血管与DSA对比分析

目的探讨缺血性脑血管病颈动脉超声与经颅多普勒(TCD)联合检测的必要性。方法对64例缺血性脑血管病患者的颈动脉超声及TCD表现与数字化脑血管造影(DSA)对比分析。结果 DSA共检出狭窄和闭塞血管160条。颈动脉超声和TCD共检出狭窄和闭塞血管与DSA符合117条。TCD与DSA比较符合率70.8%。颈动脉超声与DSA比较符合率76.5%。结论颈动脉超声与TCD联合检测缺血性脑血管病高危人群必不可少,为其病因诊断、干预治疗及预后提供依据。     

双功能声像多普勒图检查脑血管疾病简介

近年来用超声多普勒技术诊断脑血管疾病已得到广泛应用，特别是经颅超声多普勒的临床运用，使医生可在很短时间内无创伤地了解病人脑血管情况。一般用来检查颅外脑血管的8或4MHz探头或用来检查颅内脑血管的2．5MHz探头所得到的信号为频谱信号图．根据其差频值(即频移值)(kHz)或流速值(cm／s)、曲线的朝向来间接判断血流情况及血管狭窄程度。双功能声像多普勒图则将多普勒频谱图与B超技术．     

Mechanism of action of tubocurarine on nicotinic cholinoreceptors of neurons of the sympathetic ganglia of rats

Tubocurarine (Tc) effect on membrane currents elicited by acetylcholine (ACh) was studied in isolated superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat using patch-clamp method in the whole-cell recording mode. The "use-dependent" block of ACh current by Tc was revealed in the experiments with ACh applications, indicating that Tc blocked the channels opened by ACh. Mean lifetime of Tc-open channel complex, tau, was found to be 9.8 +/- 0.5 s (n = 7) at -50 mV and 20-24 degrees C. tau exponentially increased with membrane hyperpolarization (e-fold change in tau corresponded to the membrane potential shift by 61 mV). Inhibition of the ACh-induced current by Tc (3-30 microM/1) was completely abolished by membrane depolarization to the level of 80-100 mV. Inhibition of ACh-induced current was augmented at increased ACh doses. It is concluded that the open channel block produced by Tc is likely to be the only mechanism for Tc action on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat.     

Sense of coherence as a predictor of subjective state of health: results of 4 years of follow-up of adults

A number of cross-sectional population studies have shown that a strong sense of coherence (SOC) is associated with various aspects of good perceived health. The association does not seem to be entirely attributable to underlying associations of SOC with other variables, such as age or level of education. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study reported here was to determine whether SOC predicted subjective state of health. METHODS: The study was carried out as a two-way panel mail survey of 1976 individuals with 4 years interval for two collections of data. The statistical method used was multivariate cumulative logistic modeling. Age, initial subjective state of health, initial occupational training level, and initial degree of social integration were included as potential explanatory variables. RESULTS: A strong SOC predicted good health in women and men. CONCLUSIONS: SOC can be interpreted as an autonomous internal resource contributing to a favorable development of subjective state of health. SOC data should, however, be regarded as complementary to and not a substitute for information already known to be associated with increased risk of future ill health.     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

Limits of deinstitutionalization--perspectives of relatives of psychiatric patients

After a hopeful beginning, the social process of the reintegration of those with severe mental illness has come to a standstill. I am led to wonder whether "the community" really wants to live together with people suffering from severe mental illness, and if so, how closely? As long as the medical treatment of mental illness provided by the general practitioners is fundamentally deficient, as they are not able to prescribe the necessary interventions--such as out-patient psychiatric nursing, and service providers in the out-patient sector are content with offering increasingly intensive forms of care for the less seriously ill at the cost of the Social Welfare System--the reintegration of those with serious mental illness remains an illusion--which is mainly to the benefit of providers of residential care in homes and hostels.