弓形虫性扁桃腺炎临床分析

弓形虫性扁桃腺炎临床分析王建中弓形虫病的病原体是一种球虫，属寄生虫范畴。我们在治疗扁桃腺炎的过程中发现弓形虫病与扁桃腺炎似乎存在着某种潜在联系，因此对扁桃腺炎的患者进行了弓形虫病有关的检查和治疗。现将有关资料报告分析如下。１临床资料１．１随机对２２８...     

丹参酮胶囊治疗急性扁桃体炎的疗效观察

丹参酮是中药丹参根的乙醚提取物,其药理作用有抗感染及免疫调节作用。本文应用丹参酮胶囊治疗急性扁桃体炎80例,用青霉素治疗80例作对照组,显示丹参酮胶囊治疗急性扁桃体炎有优于青     

弓形虫眼病小鼠模型的建立及其眼底特征

目的 建立弓形虫眼病小鼠模型, 观察其眼底改变和病理特征。方法 将20只BALB/C小鼠随机分为对照组10只和实验组10只, 实验组小鼠经口给予Ⅱ型弓形虫PRU虫株(弱毒株)包囊, 模拟弓形虫慢性感染过程, 每天观察小鼠眼底情况, 在1、2、3个月后分别给两组小鼠做眼底照相, 3个月后ELISA法检测小鼠血清IgG, 然后处死小鼠取眼球做石蜡切片, HE染色后观察视网膜及脉络膜损害情况。结果 实验组小鼠2周后即可观察到眼底出现明显炎症表现, 视盘边界不清, 视网膜血管充盈, 视网膜水肿、出血, 由视盘区开始逐渐向周边血管扩展, 并随时间延长逐渐加重, 血清IgG出现明显高滴度变化, 显著高于对照组(P<0.001)。视网膜及脉络膜组织切片, 可见视网膜及脉络膜明显出现水肿改变, 组织间隙明显疏松, 有腔隙形成, 视网膜及脉络膜组织可见炎症细胞浸润。结论 通过经口给予Ⅱ型弓形虫PRU虫株可以建立小鼠弓形虫眼病模型, 证明获得性弓形虫病也可以引起脉络膜视网膜的炎症表现, 为弓形虫眼病的深入研究奠定基础。     

银杏叶提取物对豚鼠卡那霉素耳毒性早期干预作用的效果评价

目的建立豚鼠卡那霉素耳毒性聋模型,观察银杏叶提取物对卡那霉素耳毒性聋的早期干预作用。方法将豚鼠随机分成正常对照组(不做任何处理)、卡那霉素组(连续肌肉注射卡那霉素7天)、银杏叶提取物干预组(肌注卡那霉素的同时,于不同时间同时注射银杏叶提取物金钠多)。测定各组动物听性脑干反应(ABR),通过比较各组豚鼠波Ⅲ阈值、100dB SPL声刺激时波Ⅲ潜伏期和峰值差异,评价银杏叶提取物对早期卡那霉素耳毒性的干预作用。结果卡那霉素组ABR波Ⅲ阈值高于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),说明本实验中卡那霉素成功致聋;卡那霉素组和银杏叶提取物干预各组之间的波Ⅲ阈值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论卡那霉素耳毒性聋的早期使用银杏叶提取物可能没有任何保护和治疗作用,是否加重耳毒性作用还有待进一步研究。     

银杏叶提取物对内耳疾病防治的实验与临床应用研究进展

银杏叶具有很高的药用价值，《本草纲目》记载其性味甘苦而涩，人肺、肾二经，有定喘止咳、止带浊、缩小便的作用。银杏叶人药始于明代，传统医学用银杏叶治疗哮喘和心脏病。银杏叶因其提取物含有大量有效成分而受到国内外学者的重视，研究发现银杏叶提取物的黄酮类化合物能够清除自由基、改善血液流变学、抑制血小板凝聚、降低血脂。银杏叶提取物现有注射剂和口服剂，多用于治疗心脑血管疾病，     

眼弓形体病的发病机制及防治研究进展

眼弓形体病是由刚地弓形虫感染引起的以单侧坏死性视网膜脉络膜炎为典型特征的疾病。当感染弓形虫后,速殖子穿过血-视网膜屏障能感染大部分有核细胞并直接对组织造成破坏,同时也会引起一系列过度的细胞免疫反应,进一步加重组织损害,引发视觉障碍。最终,速殖子能够在自身增殖与宿主免疫抵抗之间建立平衡,以组织包囊的形式长期寄生在宿主体内。临床治疗方面,除传统的乙胺嘧啶和磺胺嘧啶药物治疗外,为实现精准治疗,减少全身用药不良反应,新的联合治疗方案以及抗弓形虫药物也已开始研究并应用。结合目前临床面临的困境,着重对疾病的发病机制和临床治疗进行综述,期望对该病的诊疗提供理论基础。     

荜茇提取物的抗氧化活性及改善LPS所致大鼠听力损伤的作用研究

目的 探讨荜茇提取物的抗氧化活性及改善LPS所致大鼠听力损伤的作用。方法 测试浓度为0.05～1.0 mg/mL的荜茇提取物对DPPH自由基的清除率；测试浓度为25～500μg/mL荜茇提取物对LPS诱导RAW 264.7细胞分泌NO的抑制作用。随机将24只SD大鼠分成空白对照组、模型组、氢化可的松组和荜茇提取物组，每组6只，空白对照组不造模处理，模型组、氢化可的松组及荜茇提取物组连续鼓室内注射5 mg/mL的LPS 5 d后，模型组生理盐水灌胃，氢化可的松组1.81 mg/kg氢化可的松灌胃，荜茇提取物组按生药量1 g/mL荜茇提取物灌胃，连续灌胃10 d后，测试各组大鼠8、16 kHz ABR反应阈值、耳蜗组织中谷氨酸、MDA、TNF-α、NO因子的表达量，并行耳蜗基底膜铺片观察。结果 荜茇提取物对DPPH自由基清除的IC₅₀为0.505 mg/mL;浓度为25～500μg/mL的荜茇提取物对LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞过度分泌NO有显著的抑制作用，抑制率的IC₅₀为280.55μg/mL。连续灌胃10 d后，与空白对照组相比，模型组...     

V-ATP酶在神经系统中的生物学作用

V-ATP酶是一种依靠水解ATP提供能量来转移质子的多亚基H+转运酶,主要分布于真核细胞内多种细胞器的内膜系统上,在人体的肾、脑、睾丸、内耳、骨骼、皮肤等器官有广泛表达。包括肾小管酸中毒、骨硬化症、神经性听力损失和肿瘤转移等多种人类疾病都与V-ATP酶功能有关。V-ATP酶功能异常可诱发多器官病变,如耳聋-甲发育不全综合征,其主要表型包括感音神经性耳聋、指/趾甲发育不良、锥形牙齿、指骨发育不良、学习记忆障碍等。此外,近期研究发现V-ATP酶与帕金森和阿尔兹海默症等多种神经系统退行性病变密切相关。本文将对V-ATP酶在神经系统的生物学作用进行综述。     

银杏叶提取物对噪声致大鼠螺旋神经节损伤的保护作用

目的探讨银杏叶提取物对大鼠噪声暴露后螺旋神经节损伤的保护作用。方法将36只SD大鼠分为三组：正常对照组（正常组）、生理盐水＋噪声暴露组（噪声组）、银杏叶提取物＋噪声暴露组（用药组）,每组12只。后两组大鼠每天暴露于110dBSPL白噪声中6h,连续10天,且于噪声暴露开始每天分别腹腔注射生理盐水和银杏叶提取物10ml/d。所有大鼠均于实验前和实验第10天检测听性脑干反应（auditory brainstem response,ABR）,并于第二次测试ABR后处死动物,检测耳蜗组织超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、丙二醛（MDA）含量,并用透射电镜观察耳蜗螺旋神经节细胞的超微结构变化。结果实验后噪声组和用药组的ABR阈值均高于正常组,但用药组显著低于噪声组,差异有统计学意义;用药组SOD活性较噪声组明显增加、MDA含量较噪声组显著降低,差异有统计学意义;用药组耳蜗螺旋神经节损害明显轻于噪声组。结论银杏叶提取物对大鼠噪声暴露后螺旋神经节细胞的损害具有保护作用。     

外耳的机能

来到耳廓与外耳道的某些频率的声压,通过外耳集音作用,使其增幅后再到达鼓膜,这种机能就叫外耳的音响机能。通常认为,外耳的音响机能在2500—4000频率间可使其声压增幅达24—38.65分贝。耳廓连同外耳道具有类似圓锥形喇叭的集音作用,外耳的圆锥形喇叭其内角为25°,     

Antimicrobial activity of Terminalia arjuna Wight & Arn.: An ethnomedicinal plant against pathogens causing ear infection

Ear infection is one of the common diseases occurring throughout the world. Different etiological agents are responsible for ear infections.AimTo assess the antimicrobial potential of Terminalia arjuna leaves and bark extracts against Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter sp., Proteus mirabilis, Escherchia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans, pathogens causing ear infections and their comparison with locally available ear drops.Materials and MethodsMethanol, ethanol, acetone, aqueous (hot and cold) extracts from the leaves and bark of T. arjuna were tested for their antimicrobial activity.ResultsOf the three organic solvents evaluated, acetonic leaf extract was found to be best against S. aureus. Organic bark extract showed almost equal inhibition of all tested Gram negative bacteria except P. aeruginosa. However, aqueous extract of T. arjuna bark exhibited good activity against S. aureus. All the extracts were unable to exhibit any antifungal activity.ConclusionOrganic extract obtained from the T. arjuna bark and leaves may be used to treat the bacterial ear pathogens especially S. aureus, which has shown greater inhibition zones than the herbal drops, however, we still need more detailed studies as in vivo testing and pharmacokinetics properties for their therapeutic utility in treating ear infections.     

Role of anaerobic bacteria in infections following tracheostomy, intubation, or the use of ventilatory tubes in children

Colonization of the tracheobronchial tree with microorganisms almost always follows tracheal intubation, tracheostomy, or the use of ventilatory tubes. Infection of the tracheostomy wound site frequently occurs after prolonged use of the tracheostomy. The long-term-ventilated child is at high risk for developing tracheobronchitis or nosocomial pneumonia, generally involving aerobic gram-negative or gram-positive bacteria. Several studies have illustrated the role of anaerobic bacteria in lower respiratory tract and tracheostomy wound site infection in intubated children. The predominant anaerobic bacteria were Peptostreptococcus spp and pigmented Prevotella and Porphyromonas spp. Most of these infections are due to polymicrobial aerobic-anaerobic bacterial flora. Appropriate management of mixed pulmonary aerobic and anaerobic infections requires the administration of antimicrobials that are effective against both the aerobic and anaerobic components of the infection.     

Development and evaluation of a safe and effective sugar-free herbal lollipop that kills cavity-causing bacteria

Dental caries (tooth decay) is caused by a specific group of cariogenic bacteria, like Streptococcus mutans, which convert dietary sugars into acids that dissolve the mineral in tooth structure. Killing cariogenic bacteria is an effective way to control or prevent tooth decay. In a previous study, we discovered a novel compound (Glycyrrhizol A), from the extraction of licorice roots, with strong antimicrobial activity against cariogenic bacteria. In the current study, we developed a method to produce these specific herbal extracts in large quantities, and then used these extracts to develop a sugar-free lollipop that effectively kills cariogenic bacteria like Streptococcus mutans. Further studies showed that these sugar-free lollipops are safe and their antimicrobial activity is stable. Two pilot human studies indicate that a brief application of these lollipops (twice a day for ten days) led to a marked reduction of cariogenic bacteria in oral cavity among most human subjects tested. This herbal lollipop could be a novel tool to promote oral health through functional foods.     

头颈部鳞状细胞癌瞬时受体电位M7通道蛋白与肿瘤细胞增生的关系

目的 探测头颈鳞状细胞癌(简称鳞癌)细胞中可能存在的离子通道蛋白瞬时受体电位通道M7(transient receptor potential melastatin 7,TRPM7),了解离子通道与肿瘤细胞生长和增生的关系.方法 运用免疫组化方法对人类头颈鳞癌SCC-25细胞株进行TRPM7抗体检测,结合被检测到的离子通道蛋白,运用非特异性离子通道阻断剂钆离子(Gd3+)和2-氨基乙氧基苯硼酸(2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate,2-APB)阻断离子通道,并运用特异性TRPM7-siRNA抑制通道的表达,以了解该通道与细胞生长和增生的关系.细胞数最的评估选用乳酸脱氢酶实验.结果 所有被检测的SCC-25细胞均对1:100稀释比例的TRPM7抗体呈阳性反应,阴性对照组未能检测到免疫反应.非特异性离子通道阻断剂Gd3+对SCC-25细胞生长具有明显的抑制作用,10 靘ol/L Gd3+(n=16)及100 靘ol/L Gd3+(n=16)均可显著抑制SCC-25细胞的生长,与不加药的空白对照组比较差异有统计学意义(t值分别为4.1414和6.2661,P值分别为0.0256和0.0082).离子通道阻断剂2-APB对SCC-25细胞生长的抑制作用十分强大,100 靘oL/L 2-APB(n=16)几乎使SCC-25细胞生长完全停止,与不加药的空白对照组比较差异有统计学意义(t=13.4493,P=0.0008).特异性TRPM7-siRNA能明显抑制SCC-25细胞的生长,在TRPM7-siRNA的终浓度为30 nmol/L时,细胞乳酸脱氢酶释放实验结果显示TRPM7-siRNA能显著降低SCC-25细胞的生长速率(t=4.3446,P=0.0002,n=32),而阴性对照siRNA则不影响细胞的生长.结论 人类头颈鳞癌SCC-25细胞株中存在TRPM7通道;运用离子通道阻断剂或运用特异性TRPM7-siRNA抑制该通道的表达均能明显抑制肿瘤细胞的生长;2-APB对人类头颈鳞癌细胞生长的强大抑制作用表明TRPM7通道蛋白将来可能成为头颈鳞癌治疗的重要靶点之一.     

Aerobic and anaerobic microbiology of peritonsillar abscess

Thirty-four aspirates of pus from peritonsillar abscesses that were studied for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria showed bacterial growth. A total 107 bacterial isolates (58 anaerobic and 49 aerobic and facultative) were recovered, accounting for 3.1 isolates per specimen (1.7 anaerobic and 1.4 aerobic and facultatives). Anaerobic bacteria only were present in 6 (18%) patients, aerobic and facultatives in 2 (6%), and mixed aerobic and anaerobic flora in 26 (76%). Single bacterial isolates were recovered in 4 infections, 2 of which were Streptococcus pyogenes and 2 were anaerobic bacteria. The predominant bacterial isolates were Staphylococcus aureus (6 isolates), Bacteroides sp (21 isolates, including 15 Bacteroides melaninogenicus group), and Peptostreptococcus sp (16) and S. pyogenes (10). beta-Lactamase-producing organisms were recovered from 13 (52%) of 25 specimens tested. This retrospective study highlights the polymicrobial nature and importance of anaerobic bacteria in peritonsillar abscess.     

Antimicrobial Activity of Synthetic Salivary Peptides Against Voice Prosthetic Microorganisms

Objectives: To investigate whether synthetic salivary antimicrobial peptides have an inhibitory effect on the growth of bacteria and yeasts isolated from used silicone rubber voice prostheses. Methods: The antimicrobial activities of six synthetic salivary peptides (histatin 5, dhvar1, dhvar4, dhvar5, lactoferrin b 17–30 [LFb 17–30], and cystatin S1–15) at concentrations of 2 and 4 mg/mL were determined against different oropharyngeal yeast (four) and bacterial (eight) strains and against a “total microflora” isolated from explanted voice prostheses using agar diffusion tests. The spectrum of susceptible microorganisms was determined qualitatively. Results: Histatin 5 and cystatin S1–15 did not show any antimicrobial activity against the microorganisms involved in this study. Dhvar1 was active against some of the oropharyngeal microorganisms tested, including the yeast strains, but not against Rothia dentocariosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and the total microflora. Dhvar4 was active against all microorganisms tested, including the total microflora. Dhvar5 lacked activity against E coli and the total microflora. LFb 17–30 did not inhibit the growth of any of the yeast strains involved and showed only minor activity against some of the bacterial strains. LFb 17–30 slightly inhibited the growth of the total microflora from an explanted prosthesis. Conclusions: The synthetic salivary peptide dhvar4 has a broad antimicrobial activity against all microorganisms that are commonly isolated from explanted voice prostheses, including yeasts. Therewith, it may represent a useful drug, as an alternative for antibiotics and antimycotics employed in various ways to prolong the lifetime of voice prostheses in laryngectomees.     

Oxygen dependent pyruvate oxidase expression and production in Streptococcus sanguinis

The objective of this study was to characterize the oxygen dependent regulation of pyruvate oxidase(SpxB)gene expression and protein production in Streptococcus sanguinis(S.sanguinis).SpxB is responsible for the generation of growth-inhibiting amounts of hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)able to antagonize cariogenic Streptococcus mutans(S.mutans).Furthermore,the ecological consequence of H2O2 production was investigated in its self-inhibiting ability towards the producing strain.Expression of spxB was determined with quantitative Real-Time RT-PCR and a fluorescent expression reporter strain.Protein abundance was investigated with FLAG epitope engineered in frame on the C-terminal end of SpxB.Self inhibition was tested with an antagonism plate assay.The expression and protein abundance decreased in cells grown under anaerobic conditions.S.sanguinis was resistant against its own produced H2O2,while cariogenic S.mutans was inhibited in its growth.The results suggest that S.sanguinis produces H2O2 aS antimicrobial substance to inhibit susceptible niche competing species like S.mutans during initial biofilm formation,when oxygen availability allows for spxB expression and Spx production.     

Aerobic and anaerobic microbiology of acute suppurative parotitis

Aspirates of pus from acute suppurative parotitis were studied for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Bacterial growth was present in 23 specimens. A total of 36 bacterial isolates (20 anaerobic and 16 aerobic and facultative) were recovered, accounting for 1.6 isolates per specimen (0.9 anaerobic and 0.7 aerobic and facultative). Anaerobic bacteria only were present in 10 (43%) patients, aerobic and facultatives in 10 (43%), and mixed aerobic and anaerobic flora in 3 (13%). Single bacterial isolates were recovered in 9 infections, 6 of which were Staphylococcus aureus and 3 were anaerobic bacteria. The predominant bacterial isolates were S. aureus (8 isolates), Bacteroides sp. (6 isolates, including 4 Bacteroides melaninogenicus group), and Peptostreptococcus sp. (5). beta-Lactamase-producing organisms were recovered from 11 (73%) of the 15 specimens tested. This study highlights the polymicrobial nature and importance of anaerobic bacteria in acute suppurative parotitis.     

Broad spectrum antifungal agents in otomycosis

The in vitro inhibitory activities of four currently used antimycotic agents (clotrimazole, econazole, miconazole and cyclopirox-olamine) against 304 fungal isolates comprising 51 species from 14 genera of moulds and yeasts, using a serial dilution procedure, were studied. Clotrimazole and econazole were found to have a grossly similar broad-spectrum antifungal activity, inhibiting all the tested yeasts and moulds at a concentration ranging from 0.1-4 micrograms/ml. At this range miconazole inhibited 90 per cent of the strains and cyclopirox-olamine inhibited 57 per cent only and thus they were less effective. Econazole 1 per cent solution was very effective in vivo in the treatment of otomycosis within 1-3 weeks. The drug was well tolerated, with no side-effects. Owing to the high broad-spectrum antifungal activity of clotrimazole and econazole, they should be the treatment of choice in otomycosis and can be used safely as otic drops.     

Antibodies to HSP-70 in normal donors and autoimmune hearing loss patients

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate serum antibody to heat shock protein (HSP) 70 as a marker for autoimmune sensorineural hearing loss (AISNHL). DESIGN: Sera from 20 patients with rapidly progressive sensorineural HL and 20 control volunteers without HL were tested for antibody reactivity against multiple HSP 70 substrates. Substrates included recombinant human HSP (rHuHSP) 72, purified bovine brain heat shock cognate (HSC) 73 and HSP 72, as well as heat-shocked and non-heat-shocked protein extracts from bovine kidney (MDBK) cells. All serum donors were previously tested for antibody to guinea pig inner ear supporting cells; 17 of 20 patients but none (0 of 20) of the controls were positive. METHODS: Sera were tested using Western blots. RESULTS: Reactivity with rHuHSP 70 was observed in 16 patients and 17 controls. Similarly, 15 of 20 patients and 17 of 20 controls stained for both HSP 72 and HSC 73 from the bovine brain. When tested against the heat-shock-induced and control MDBK extracts, six patients and nine controls had greater reactivity with the induced HSP 72. CONCLUSION: The frequency of antibodies to HSP substrates did not differ in patients and controls. Prior studies reported that HSP 72 is the 68 kD antigen commonly detected by AISNHL sera. However, we show that HSP 72 antibodies are no more prevalent in patients than in normal controls. Thus, it is unlikely that the 68 kD protein is HSP 72. Therefore, HSPs are not appropriate substrates for serodiagnosis of AISNHL.