高压氧治疗突聋并发中耳气压伤25例临床分析

目的分析高压氧治疗突聋并发中耳气压伤的原因及预防。方法回顾性分析2009年2月～2010年9月25例高压氧治疗中并发中耳气压伤的突聋患者的临床资料,从患者伴发疾病、心理状况、高压氧治疗方案、咽鼓管功能、中耳气压伤后鼓膜体征及治疗效果等方面加以探讨。结果 25例患者于高压氧治疗中均有情绪紧张,24例于治疗第1～2天、1例于治疗第14天在加压阶段并发中耳气压伤(鼓膜穿孔),其中,11例伴有上呼吸道感染,2例伴慢性肥厚性鼻炎,4例伴慢性鼻-鼻窦炎,8例患者咽鼓管功能异常。耳内窥镜检查见鼓膜充血Ⅰ度2例,Ⅱ度18例,Ⅲ度4例,Ⅳ度1例。全部患者经治疗后7～30天耳部症状消失,鼓膜标志正常,咽鼓管功能正常。结论伴发上呼吸道感染、鼻-鼻窦炎、咽鼓管功能障碍、高压氧治疗过程中加压及减压速度过快、患者情绪紧张等与高压氧治疗突聋并发中耳气压伤密切相关。伴发上呼吸道感染、鼻-鼻窦炎及咽鼓管功能不良者慎用高压氧治疗,治疗过程中控制好加压及减压速度。     

鼠神经生长因子联合鼓室内注射地塞米松治疗突发性耳聋的临床应用

目的探讨常规用药联合鼠神经生长因子及鼓室内注射地塞米松治疗突发性耳聋的临床疗效。方法 80例突聋患者随机分为实验组和对照组。对照组38例(40耳)常规治疗方案(扩张血管、溶栓、改善微循环、高压氧),实验组42例(45耳)在常规治疗基础上应用鼠神经生长因子肌肉注射联合鼓室内注射地塞米松。结果实验组38耳有效,7耳无效,总有效率84.4%(38/45);对照组25耳有效,15耳无效,总有效率62.5%(25/40),实验组疗效显著高于对照组(P<0.05);结论鼠神经生长因子肌肉注射联合鼓室内注射地塞米松对治疗突发性耳聋优于常规治疗。     

不同体位麻黄碱滴鼻对高压氧治疗所致中耳气压伤的预防效果及患者耐受性

目的探讨不同体位麻黄碱滴鼻对高压氧治疗所致中耳气压伤的预防效果及患者耐受性的影响。方法选取我院2014年1月~2015年12月收治的首次行高压氧治疗的260例患者作为研究对象,采取随机数字表将其分成两组,每组130例。两组患者均于治疗第1~3d进舱前采用麻黄碱滴鼻,观察组滴鼻时采取的体位是平卧位头部后仰侧转45°,对照组则采取平卧位头部后仰,比较两组患者用药3d后中耳气压伤发生情况以及高压氧治疗过程中患者的耐受性。结果观察组中耳气压伤发生率为5.38%,相对于对照组的15.38%有明显下降(P0.01);观察组鼓膜损伤程度明显轻于对照组(P0.01);观察组高压氧治疗耐受率为93.85%,相对于对照组的86.15%有明显上升(P0.05)。结论平卧位头部后仰并侧转45°给予1%盐酸麻黄碱滴鼻液滴鼻可有效预防中耳气压伤的产生,提高患者对高压氧治疗的耐受性。     

鼓室内灌注地塞米松联合药物治疗突发性聋90例疗效分析

目的观察鼓室内灌注地塞米松联合药物治疗突发性聋的疗效。方法 90例(113耳)突发性聋患者随机分成2组,I组33例(45耳)采用神经节苷酯、长春西汀等静脉滴注及泼尼松龙口服等治疗,Ⅱ组57例(68耳)在I组用药的基础上,加用鼓室灌注地塞米松治疗,比较两组疗效。结果Ⅱ组总有效率(73.53%)高于I组(37.78%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论鼓室灌注地塞米松加神经节苷酯、长春西汀等综合治疗突发性聋疗效显著。     

经咽鼓管鼓室内灌注地塞米松治疗突发性聋

目的 评价经咽鼓管途径鼓室内灌注地塞米松治疗突发性聋的安全性和疗效.方法 将67例(67耳)突发性聋患者随机分为A组20例(20耳).单纯经咽鼓管鼓室内灌注地塞米松(5 mg/ml)0.6毫升/次;B组23例(23耳),常规全身治疗无效后再经咽鼓管鼓室内灌注地塞米松(5mg/ml)0.6毫升/次;C组24例(24耳),单纯常规全身治疗,比较三组治疗前后受损频率平均听阈变化及咽鼓管功能变化.结果 A、B、C三组有效率分别为85.00%(17/20)、60.87%(14/23)、45.3%(11/24).三组伴随症状耳鸣、耳闷、眩晕都有一定缓解,没有出现中耳炎及耳闷、耳痛等感染症状,鼓室导抗图和咽鼓管吹张实验治疗前后没有明显变化.结论 经咽鼓管途径鼓室内灌注地塞米松治疗突发性聋是安全和有效的,可在临床推广使用.     

利多卡因辅助治疗突发性聋的疗效观察

目的观察利多卡因辅助治疗突发性聋的疗效及毒副反应。方法按照就诊顺序随机将60例（72耳）突发性聋患者分为治疗组30例（37耳）及对照组30例（35耳）,两组均应用地塞米松、丹参、ATP、辅酶A、维生素B族及高压氧治疗,治疗组加用2%利多卡因,比较两组疗效。结果治疗组听力损失、眩晕、耳鸣总有效率分别为72.97%、80.00%、73.68%,均高于对照组的54.29%、61.54%、61.11%,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论利多卡因加地塞米松等综合治疗突发性聋疗效较好,无明显毒副作用。     

高压氧配合西药治疗突发性聋疗效分析

目的探讨高压氧配合西药治疗突发性聋的疗效.方法用高压氧配合西药治疗突发性聋41例、44耳,并与单纯应用西药治疗42例、46耳比较.结果高压氧组总有效率为81.82%,单纯西药治疗组总有效率为54.35%.结论高压氧配合西药治疗突发性聋,听力恢复快,效果明显优于单纯西药治疗.     

早期行鼓室内甲强龙注射或高压氧对全聋型突发性聋患者的疗效观察

目的探讨早期行鼓室内甲强龙注射或高压氧对全聋型突发性聋患者的疗效。方法将2017年8月~2019年4月期间确诊的全聋型突发性聋患者102例(102耳)随机分为三组,各组34例,根据治疗方案不同分为三组基础治疗组(金纳多+巴曲酶+泼尼松片)、高压氧组(基础治疗加高压氧治疗)、鼓室内激素注射组(基础治疗加鼓室内甲强龙注射)。三组均治疗一个月,比较三组的治疗效果。结果102例中,94例(94耳)完成所需的治疗和随访。鼓室内激素注射组(62.5%,20/32)和高压氧组(65.5%,19/29)有效率均明显高于基础治疗组(33.3%,11/33),差异有统计学意义(均为P<0.05);高压氧组与鼓室内激素注射组有效率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后高压氧组(64±23.1 dB HL)、鼓室内激素注射组(66±26.5 dB HL)纯音平均听阈低于基础治疗组(79±20.6 dB HL),差异有统计学意义(均为P<0.05),高压氧组与鼓室内激素注射组治疗后纯音平均听阈比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论全聋型突发性聋患者早期行鼓室内甲强龙注射或高压氧治疗,能提高疗效。     

纤维鼻咽镜监视下逆行鼓室注入地塞米松辅助治疗突聋

目的 探讨经咽鼓管逆行鼓室注入地塞米松辅助治疗突发性聋的疗效.方法 将86例(86耳)突聋患者随机分为2组:治疗组44例,在全身应用扩张血管、改善微循环、营养神经药物常规治疗的基础上,采用纤维镜下经咽鼓管行鼓摩注入地塞米松3 mg,每周2次,2周为一疗程.对照组42例(42耳)仅采用常规治疗,用药同治疗组.结果 治疗组总有效率为75.00%(33/44),对照组总有效率为52.38%(22/42);治疗2周后治疗组的听力、耳鸣的疗效均明显优于对照组(P<0.05),未见不良反应及副作用.结论 纤维鼻咽镜监视下经咽鼓管注入地塞米松治疗突聋疗效好,操作方便,安全,可避免全身应用激素的副作用.     

不同频次耳后注射甲强龙治疗突发性聋的疗效

目的观察不同频次耳后注射甲强龙对突发性聋的疗效。方法选取2018年1~10月住院治疗的113例(113耳)突发性聋患者,按入院顺序分为三组:A组43例(43耳),B组38例(38耳),C组32例(32耳),分别耳后注射甲强龙40 mg隔一日一次、隔二日一次、隔三日一次,均共注射4次;同时每组均按照中华医学会耳鼻咽喉头颈外科学分会制定的突聋诊断和治疗指南建议的常规治疗方案,治疗2周后复查纯音听阈,比较三组疗效。结果 A、B、C三组的有效率分别为37.2%(16/43)、36.8%(14/38)、46.9%(15/32),三组有效率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论不同频次耳后注射甲强龙对突发性聋的有效率无显著影响。     

三磷酸胞苷加地塞米松等综合治疗突发性聋的临床观察

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of application of cytridini triphosphatis (CTP) combined with dexamethasone on sudden deafness. METHODS: Two-hundred and seven patients (312 ears) with sudden deafness were randomly divided into CTP group (n = 159 ears) and control group (n = 153 ears). Besides intravenous administration of CTP, another treatments in CTP group were the same as that in control group including hyperbaric oxygen, vasodilator, energy preparation such as ATP, CoA and dexamethasone (DXM). RESULTS: The hearing threshold was (75.56 +/- 30.24) dB HL in CTP group and (72.50 +/- 40.50)dB HL in control group (P > 0.05) before treatment. The average value of the hearing threshold after treatment was decreased by (50.08 +/- 21.47) dB HL in CTP group and (19.45 +/- 19.12) dB in control group(P < 0.05), respectively. CONCLUSION: The application of CTP combined with DXM can significantly improve the effect of treatment on sudden deafness and CTP may enhance the recovery rate in the patients with sudden deafness, which was much higher than that treated by the traditional methods. However, the mechanism of the effect of CTP coupled with DXM is still unknown and further study is necessary.     

高压氧综合治疗突发性耳聋预后相关因素分析

目的：根据临床资料建立预测高压氧（hyperbaric oxygen,HBO）综合治疗突发性耳聋（sudden deafness,SD）预后的评分模型,并评价科学性。方法连续选择188例（221耳）接受高压氧综合治疗的SD患者,随机分为两组：训练样本168例（201耳）,验证样本20例（20耳）。采用自身前后对照试验方案,根据训练样本实际疗效分为有效和无效两组,应用X2检验筛选出有统计学意义的危险因素并赋值,建立评分模型,并进行受试者工作特征曲线（receiver operator characteristic curve,ROC）分析。结果 SD伴眩晕、听力曲线呈下降/全聋型、发病至就诊时间≥15 d、HBO治疗疗程＜2个疗程、HBO开始治疗时间≥15 d、就诊平均听力损失≥60 dB HL、SD合并高血压（high blood pressure,HBP）或糖尿病（diabetes mellitus,DM）或二者兼有是影响高压氧综合治疗突发性耳聋预后的危险因素。应用ROC分析该评分模型,曲线下面积（area under the curve,AUC）为0.967,与完全随机情况下获得的曲线下面积（0.5）相比有显著差异,P〈0.05。经验证样本前瞻性误判概率评估,误判率约10％。结论根据临床资料建立预测HBO综合治疗SD预后的评分模型可以预估SD预后,对临床治疗有一定指导意义。     

类固醇激素鼓室内注射治疗突发性聋

目的：对类固醇等药物综合治疗突发性聋的疗效进行临床观察。方法：对照组采用银杏达莫、辅酶A、 肌苷、维生素B常规药物治疗，治疗组在对照组药物治疗基础上加用地塞米松鼓室内注射。结果：治疗组的治疗有效率(77.78%)高于对照组(46.66%)。结论：地塞米松鼓室内注射治疗突发耳聋临床上有很好的疗效。     

双耳感音神经性聋患儿合并分泌性中耳炎的临床诊治

目的 探讨双耳感音神经性聋并发分泌性中耳炎患儿的症状特点, 为及时诊治此类患者提供临床依据。方法 收集经手术治疗的双耳感音神经性聋并发分泌性中耳炎患儿(A组)17例(34耳)的病历资料, 分析其误诊原因、临床特点及并发症发生率, 并与同期行手术治疗的单纯双耳单纯分泌性中耳炎患儿(B组)17例(34耳)进行鼓室粘连发生率的比较。手术前后应用听性脑干反应(ABR)检查随诊听力变化。结果 A组均以家属发现听力下降为首诊症状, 在当地首诊曾诊断为突发性聋7例, 耳闷塞感、耳鸣、耳痛等症状叙述不清, 均无法采集到确切的分泌性中耳炎发病时间;行双耳鼓膜置管时发现中耳粘连5例(7耳), 手术前后ABR检查Ⅴ波阈值改善0～30 dB nHL, 平均17.3 dB nHL, 手术前后Ⅴ波阈值改善, 差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。B组患儿无1例误诊, 首诊诉耳痛或耳鸣、耳闷塞感等耳部不适症状15例, 发病时间明确, 首诊诉听力下降2例, 鼓膜置管时中耳粘连1例(1耳)。A组并发症发生率高于B组, 差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。结论 双耳感音神经性聋并发分泌性中耳炎患儿临床病史采集困难, 易误诊, 临床并发症发生率高, 应及时干预;鼓膜置管对听力改善效果明显。     

突发性聋的早期治疗及超氧化物歧化酶和丙二醛检测

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of treatment on sudden deafness at ultra-early stage and the influence on Malonyldialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) of serum. METHODS: One hundred and forty-seven cases of sudden deafness (168 ears) from July 1995 to June 2001 were divided into three groups, 29 cases (36 ears) in group I treated within 6 hours after deafness, 55 cases(63 ears) in group II treated within 15 days after deafness, and 63 cases (69 ears) in group III treatment after 15 days after deafness. Total cases were treated with medicine and hyperbaric oxygen and the volume of SOD and MDA of serum were observed at the same time. There were 30 healthy volunteers as control group. RESULTS: In the group I, the hearing threshold was recovered in 18 ears, significant improved in 9 ears, improved in 7 ears and not changed in 2 ears after treatment. In the group II, the hearing threshold was recovered in 11 ears, significant improved in 16 ears, improved in 15 ears and no changed in 21 ears after treatment. In the group III, the hearing threshold was recovered in 14 ears, significant improved in 20 ears, improved in 13 ears and no changed in 22 ears after treatment. There was a significant difference in improved level of hearing between the group I and group II. (chi 2 = 9.90, P < 0.01) and between group I and group III (chi 2 = 9.30, P < 0.01). There was no significant difference between group II and group III (chi 2 = 0.03, P > 0.01). CONCLUSION: The treatment on sudden deafness in ultra-early stage is very important. The use of free radical scavenger early can protect audio nerve.     

经鼓室插管注入地塞米松液治疗突发性耳聋

目的通过中耳直接给予类固醇激素治疗突发性感音神经性聋(突聋),探索其疗效。方法对25例突聋病人通过鼓室插管,将地塞米松液注入鼓室,使药液经圆窗膜渗入内耳,称之为鼓室插管组;另25例以口服强地松者作为对照组,将两组疗效进行对比。结果插管组痊愈7例,显效5例,有效10例,无效3例,总有效率88.0%;对照组痊愈2例,显效5例,有效6例,无效1 2例,总有效率52.0%。两组疗效比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论经鼓室插管中耳给药治疗突聋,具有较好的疗效,避免了全身用药的毒副作用。     

Hyperbaric oxygenation in early treatment of sudden deafness

BACKGROUND: The treatment of sudden deafness with hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) is a new method, which is a routine application in some German centers and subject to contraindications can be assessed as relatively reliable. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In a retrospective study, data were analyzed from 49 patients who had received primary HBO therapy because of sudden deafness (up to 3 weeks old). In comparison to the standard infusion therapy according to Michel, the primary HBO therapy led to inferior results (no change in hearing: right ear 63.88%, left ear 60.98%; improvement in hearing: right ear 22.49%, left ear 21.71%; decrease in hearing: right ear 13.64%, left ear 17.32%). RESULTS: Considering the spontaneous remission of sudden deafness, neither the results of the infusion therapy nor those of the hyperbaric oxygenation surpass the rate of complete spontaneous remission. On the basis of our research, primary treatment of "fresh" sudden deafness with hyperbaric oxygenation cannot be recommended. CONCLUSIONS: The question remains open whether HBO as a secondary treatment for sudden deafness leads to improvements for the patient after unsuccessful standard therapy.     

Inner ear barotrauma after stapedectomy in the guinea pig

OBJECTIVE: The safety of scuba diving after stapedectomy is controversial. Stapedectomy is thought to predispose to inner ear barotrauma (e.g., perilymph fistula); however, many individuals continue to scuba dive following stapedectomy without ill effects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cochlear effects of barotrauma, similar to that experienced with scuba diving, on inner ears previously treated with stapedectomy. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, controlled. METHODS: Sixteen Hartley albino guinea pigs underwent unilateral total stapedectomy followed by hyperbaric dives on 5 consecutive days, beginning 3 weeks after stapedectomy. Cochlear effects were determined using click and tone-pip evoked electrocochleographic thresholds and cochlear hair cell counts. RESULTS: Mean auditory thresholds increased by 29 dB after stapedectomy (P < .001), then remained stable thereafter. Mean thresholds in both the operated and control ears did not change with hyperbaric dives. Evidence of middle ear barotrauma (e.g., hemorrhage or tympanic membrane perforation) was observed in eight poststapedectomy ears and five control ears, but none demonstrated significant threshold elevation greater than or equal to 10 dB. Hair cell counts were not different between operated and control ears. CONCLUSIONS: Stapedectomy does not appear to predispose to cochlear sequelae in the guinea pig model of diving-related barotrauma.