气道内支架置入治疗食管内支架置入术后恶性气道狭窄

目的 评估气道内支架治疗食管内支架置入术后恶性气管狭窄的效果.方法 回顾性分析2014年1月至2019年1月食管支架置入术后继发恶性气管狭窄20例患者的临床资料.记录气管支气管狭窄的位置、置入支架类型、支架置入前后的Borg呼吸困难评分、并发症、双支架置入的时间间隔以及气道内支架置入后的生存时间.结果 20例患者中气管...     

气道倒Y型一体化自膨胀式金属内支架的递送技术研究和初步临床应用

目的 探讨气道倒Y型自膨胀式金属内支架治疗气管、隆突和双主支气管复合狭窄的可行性和疗效.方法 根据气道复合狭窄的特殊解剖结构与病变特点,设计气道倒Y型一体化自膨胀式金属内支架.X线监视下,对7例重度呼吸困难的气道复合狭窄患者置入7枚气道倒Y型一体化内支架.结果 内支架均一次性置入成功,所有患者置入内支架后呼吸困难即刻缓解,生活质量提高.结论 气道倒Y型一体化自膨胀式金属内支架能有效解除气道复合性狭窄,技术可行,操作简单、安全、近期疗效可靠,值得进一步推广应用.     

倒Y型气道支架置入治疗复合气道病变

目的 探讨倒Y型一体化气道金属支架置入在气管下段、气管隆突和双主支气管复合病变(狭窄和瘘)中的应用.方法 根据气道复合病变的特殊解剖结构,设计倒Y型一体化自膨胀式金属内支架.在X线监视下,12例气道复合病变患者置入倒Y型一体化自膨胀式金属内支架12枚.结果 所有患者置入倒Y型金属气道支架均一次成功,12例患者置入内支架...     

气道内支架在良性气道狭窄中的应用进展

气道内支架置入术可有效缓解良性气道狭窄,但其在安全性及远期疗效等方面仍见解不一.临床应用的支架主要包括硅酮支架、暂时性覆膜金属支架以及生物可降解支架等.由于可能引起肉芽组织增生、支架断裂、支架移位以及气道感染等并发症,对于良性气道狭窄患者,只有在不宜手术或对其他腔内介入治疗未取得明显疗效,或疗效难以维持时,才考虑气道内支架置入.支架置入是一种临时性治疗手段或最后的解决方案.合理掌握支架置入的时机,正确处理并发症,可以取得较好的临床疗效.     

恶性气道狭窄患者支架再置入的围手术期护理

目的 探讨恶性气道狭窄患者支架再置入的围手术期护理措施及效果.方法 回顾性收集2014年5月至2016年7月7例气道再狭窄患者的临床资料,对支架再置入治疗的护理干预进行分析.结果 7例患者呼吸困难均在支架置入术后即刻缓解,未发生大出血、呼吸衰竭与窒息等严重并发症.结论 医护一体化的合作模式,术前个性化心理干预,指导患者练习配合技巧,术中随时准备应急抢救,快速有效配合支架置入,术后密切监护呼吸道感染、出血等并发症的发生是支架再次置入获得成功的重要保障.     

食管癌性重度狭窄并食管-气道瘘的内支架置入治疗

目的探讨食管癌性重度狭窄合并食管-气道瘘的内支架置入效果。方法透视下,27例食管重度癌性狭窄合并食管-气道瘘患者置入食管覆膜内支架。结果支架全部一次性置入成功,瘘口完全封堵,患者恢复正常进食,肺部感染得以控制。结论内支架置入治疗食管癌性狭窄并食管-气道瘘损伤小、操作简单安全、并发症少、成功率高,控制呛咳具有立竿见影的效果。     

镍钛记忆合金支架治疗气道狭窄的临床护理

气管支气管狭窄,无论管腔内肿瘤或管外压迫均能引起呼吸困难、难治性咳嗽及致死的并发症.近年来,文献报道气管支气管内安置支架治疗气道狭窄,取得了较好效果.1994年12月至今,我科经纤维支气管镜置入镍钛记忆合金支架(NT-支架)治疗气管支气管肿瘤所致的各种气道狭窄142例,取得了满意效果.现将护理体会报告如下.     

全麻下单导丝引导Y型气道支架置入术治疗复杂气管疾病6例

目的：探讨在全身麻醉下采用单导丝引导Y型气道支架置入的方法和临床应用。方法接受气道Y型支架治疗复杂气管疾病患者6例,其中气管胸膜瘘1例,食管－气管瘘2例,气道复合型狭窄3例。全身麻醉后在DSA监视下对6例患者置入气道Y型支架。结果6例患者共置入Y型气道支架6枚,均为单导丝引导置入,其中1例支架右侧分支误入右肺上叶支气管内,余5例支架置入均一次获得成功。结论全麻下Y型气道支架置入术能有效封堵支气管残端胸膜瘘、左主支气管食管瘘,能快速有效解除气管隆突区复合性气道狭窄,近期疗效显著,手术安全、可靠,单导丝引导置入技术操作相对于双导丝引导置入技术操作简单、快速有效、值得推广应用。     

金属内支架治疗气道狭窄的手术配合及护理（10例疗效分析）

目的：评价金属支架治疗气道狭窄的疗效，探讨治疗中的手术配合及护理。方法：10例支架放置均经口腔在X线电视监视下完成。结果：所有病例均一次置入成功，术后呼吸困难及喘鸣症状印刻改善。结论：金属内支架是治疗气道狭窄的有效方法，护理配合是保障手术成功的关键。     

镍钛记忆合金气管支架治疗恶性气道狭窄

目的探讨气管支架置入术治疗恶性气管狭窄的方法及疗效。方法17例气道狭窄的患者采用气管支架置入治疗,13例支架放置后给予化学治疗配以放射治疗。结果17例气管、主支气管狭窄的患者放置18只支架,成功率100%。支架放置后所有患者呼吸困难即刻缓解,无术中并发症。随访1~11个月,支架无再狭窄及移位,12例于随访期间死亡,平均生存期3.5个月。结论镍钛记忆合金气管支架治疗恶性气道狭窄是一种安全、有效、简单快速的方法。     

金属支架治疗恶性肿瘤引起的气管狭窄（附30例分析）

目的 评价金属支架治疗肺癌、食管癌等恶笥肿瘤引起的气管狭窄的可行性和疗效。方法 ３０例肺癌、管癌等恶性肿瘤压迫或侵犯气管，引起气管狭窄和严重的呼吸困难，分别置入自扩型金属支架。１１例患者进行了后续的化学治疗和放射治疗。结果 ３０例狭窄都位于主气管，共置入支架３０个（１２个ＧｉａｎｔｕｒｃｏＺ形支架，８个Ｗａｌｌｓｔｅｎｔ支架１０个Ｕｌｔｒａｆｌｅｘ支架）。所有患者呼吸困难得到立即缓解。１例杖后５６     

放射性^125Ⅰ粒子支架在恶性气道狭窄病变中的应用

恶性气道狭窄是由各种恶性肿瘤引起呼吸困难甚至窒息的危急重症,多数患者确诊时已处于肿瘤晚期而失去手术机会。目前姑息性治疗主要是气道支架置入术,可缓解患者气道狭窄症状,但因其对肿瘤无任何治疗作用,随着生存期的延长,气道支架再狭窄情况越益突出,远期疗效受到严重影响。近期我国学者将具有抗肿瘤作用的放射性^125I粒子安置在气道支架上治疗恶性气道狭窄,可显著降低气道再狭窄概率,且患者生存期得到延长,但仍然面临一些问题需要攻克。本文就放射性^125I粒子支架的基本情况及其在恶性气道狭窄病变中的临床应用现状作一综述。     

Endobronchial stent placement for the management of airway complications after lung transplantation

PURPOSE: To retrospectively evaluate the efficacy and complications of endobronchial stent placement for the management of airway complications following lung transplant. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 1992 to 2003, tracheobronchial stenting was performed on 25 lung transplant recipients (16 male and 9 female; mean age 51.6 years; range 21-65 years). A total of 27 lesions were treated and 27 stents were deployed (nine bronchomalacia, 12 bronchial stenosis, three bronchial stenosis and bronchomalacia both and three anastomotic dehiscence). The clinical and bronchoscopic follow-up ranged from 1 month to 69 months. RESULTS: The technical success was 100%. Eighty-four percent of patients had immediate relief in dyspnea. The overall complication rate following stent placement was 0.049 per patient per month (23 complications/471 patient months). Stent migration and granulation tissue formation were the most frequent complications. The mean percentage change in FEV-1 was significantly greater than zero at 1 month and 6 months (P<.05) post-stent placement. The mean percentage change in FEV-1 was marginally greater than zero at 12 months (P=.07).The mean percentage change in FVC was marginally greater than zero at 1 month and 6 months (P=.08) post-stent. It was not significantly greater than zero at 12 months (P=1.00). CONCLUSION: Tracheobronchial stent placement provides effective palliation of postoperative airway complications in lung transplant with morbidity that can be managed effectively by available treatment options. Airway stenting may be used as a primary management option for airway complications after lung transplantation as a large number of patients are not suitable candidates for repeat surgery.     

Radiology-guided forceps biopsy and airway stenting in severe airway stenosis

PURPOSE

We aimed to determine the feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of radiology-guided forceps biopsy and airway stenting in patients with severe airway stenosis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This study involved 28 patients with severe airway stenosis who underwent forceps biopsy between October 2006 and September 2011. Chest multislice computed tomography was used to determine the location and extent of stenosis. Sixteen patients had tracheal stenosis, two patients had stenosis of the tracheal carina, six patients had stenosis of the left main bronchus, and four patients had stenosis of the right main bronchus. Forceps biopsy and stenting of the stenosed area were performed under fluoroscopic guidance in digital subtraction angiography and the biopsy specimens were analyzed histopathologically. We contacted the patients via phone call and utilized a standardized questionnaire to determine their medical condition during a postoperative three-month follow-up.

RESULTS

The technical success rate of radiology-guided forceps biopsy was 100%. Biopsy specimens were obtained in all patients. Dyspnea was relieved immediately after stent placement. No serious complications, such as tracheal hemorrhage or perforation, mediastinal emphysema, or asphyxia, occurred.

CONCLUSION

Radiology-guided forceps biopsy and airway stenting can be used for the emergency treatment of severe airway stenosis. This method appears to be safe and effective, and it may be an alternative therapeutic option in patients who cannot tolerate fiberoptic bronchoscopy.Dyspnea due to severe airway stenosis is a serious, acute respiratory condition that can cause death due to asphyxiation. In patients with moderate airway stenosis, fiberoptic bronchoscopy and biopsy can be used to determine the underlying disease pathology and direct further treatment (1). However, bronchoscopy and biopsy are difficult in patients with severe airway stenosis, especially in those with a highly vascular stenosed segment. A severely stenosed airway may be too narrow to allow the insertion of a fiberoptic bronchoscope; moreover, there is a risk of hemorrhage during the bronchoscopy and biopsy. Such patients have difficulty in breathing, and may even choke to death. This retrospective analysis involved 28 patients with severe airway stenosis who underwent forceps biopsy in our Department of Interventional Radiology. Timely placement of airway stents can release airway strictures and relieve dyspnea (2, 3).     

Clinical outcomes with airway stents for proximal versus distal malignant tracheobronchial obstructions

PURPOSE: This study evaluates the outcome of tracheobronchial stent placement in symptomatic patients with malignant disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 1993 to 2002, 30 patients had stents placed for malignant strictures. Five of 30 patients underwent stent placement distal to the mainstem bronchi, 13 received stents in both the proximal and distal airways, and 12 received stents in only the proximal airways. Clinical response and survival were determined from the patients' medical records. A positive clinical response was judged to have occurred if the patient improved in two of these three categories: subjective symptoms (patient-reported), objective signs (clinician-reported), and postprocedural imaging. RESULTS: The condition of 29 of 30 patients improved within 4 weeks of stent placement. The mean survival duration after stent placement was 261 days (SD, 395.1 days). The location of stent placement was not associated with significant differences in clinical improvement or survival (P =.51). Eight patients had additional airway segments that were too diffusely involved in which to place a stent or could not be recanalized. Mean survival in this group with incomplete stent placement was significantly reduced at 24.9 days (SD, 23.1 days), compared with 345.5 days (SD, 436 days) for the remaining patients who underwent complete stent placement (P <.05). Four patients lived less than 10 days after the procedure and three patients (75%) had mediastinal invasion. CONCLUSION: Tracheobronchial stent placement effectively palliates malignant airway obstruction, and clinical improvement is independent of the location in which the stent is implanted. When patients had diffuse or highly obstructive airway involvement and underwent incomplete stent placement, clinical response was also satisfactory, even though survival was worse. Patients with mediastinal invasion were poor candidates for stent placement as a result of their short survival.     

Interventional management of tracheobronchial strictures

Tracheobronchial balloon dilation and stent placement have been well used in the treatment of patients with benign and/or malignant diseases. Balloon dilation is the first option in the treatment of benign airway stenosis. Although balloon dilation is simple and fast, recurrence rate is high. Stent placement promptly relieves acute airway distress from malignant extraluminal and intraluminal airway obstruction. Temporary stent placement may be an alternative for benign airway strictures refractory to balloon dilation. This article reviews the indications, pre-procedure evaluation, technique, outcomes and complications of balloon dilation and stent placement with regard to benign and malignant tracheobronchial stenoses.     

螺旋CT及气管三维重建技术观察气管支架置入术的疗效和并发症的临床应用

目的探讨螺旋CT及气管三维重建技术在评价气管支架置入术后的疗效和并发症中的应用。方法回顾性分析31例因气管良、恶性狭窄或气管瘘而行金属支架置入治疗患者,其中恶性气管狭窄27例,良性气管狭窄2例,肺癌术后气管残端瘘1例,食管癌术后吻合口气管瘘1例,通过阅读螺旋CT及气管三维重建资料,观察气管支架的位置、形态和相关并发症的表现,并进行评估。结果 31例患者共置入Z型不锈钢支架8枚,Ni-Ti记忆合金支架28枚,22例支架在位良好,支架再狭窄5例,移位3例,断裂1例。所有图像均以多平面重建、容积再现和CT仿真气管内镜成像方式进行后处理。气管狭窄和瘘口部位、支架的位置、形态、通畅程度和相关并发症如再狭窄、断裂等均能从不同角度明确显示。结论螺旋CT及气管三维重建技术能简便、准确、客观的评价气管支架及其并发症,具有较高的临床应用价值。