增强螺旋CT和肺动脉造影在肺动脉栓塞诊断和治疗中的应用

目的 评价螺旋CT和肺动脉造影在肺动脉栓塞诊断和治疗中的作用。方法 回顾性分析经螺旋CT增强和肺动脉造影明确诊断的18例患者的影像资料。其中12例经肺动脉造影后，行导管抽吸和局部溶栓治疗。结果 18例患者累及107处肺动脉及其分支，双肺下叶主支受累最多，达28．97％，累及左、右肺动脉主干者占22．43％，累及肺叶以下分支达40．18％，累及主肺动脉者占8．41％。肺动脉栓塞的影像学直接征象包括部分性充盈缺损、附壁性充盈缺损、中心性充盈缺损（即“轨道征”）、完全阻塞，间接征象包括主肺动脉增宽、局限性肺纹理稀疏、肺梗死和胸腔积液。12例术后临床症状改善，动脉血氧分压增高。结论 螺旋CT增强扫描是一种有效的诊断肺动脉栓塞的无创性检查手段，且诊断率较高。     

Computed tomography in pulmonary artery sarcoma: distinguishing features from pulmonary embolic disease

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to present the computed tomography (CT) findings of pulmonary artery sarcoma in 7 patients with a focus on the distinguishing features of pulmonary embolic disease. METHODS: For the 9 years from December 1993 to November 2002, we treated 7 patients with pathologically proven pulmonary artery sarcoma, and during the 2 years from December 2000 to November 2002, we treated 40 patients with acute (n = 33) or chronic (n = 7) pulmonary embolism. In these patients, pulmonary embolism was diagnosed from serial CT or clinical findings. Two chest radiologists, blinded to the diagnoses, independently reviewed the scans of all 47 patients in random order, and the so-documented CT features of sarcoma and pulmonary embolism were compared by using Fisher exact test or the generalized estimating equations test. RESULTS: The two most frequent CT findings of pulmonary artery sarcomas were a low-attenuation filling defect occupying the entire luminal diameter of the main (n = 1) or proximal (n = 6) pulmonary artery and an expansion of any segment of the pulmonary artery with extensive intraluminal filling defect, as observed in six (86%) of 7 patients. In contrast, the finding of a lesion occupying the entire luminal diameter at the level of proximal pulmonary arteries was absent in all 40 patients with pulmonary embolism (P < 0.0001) (kappa = 0.9111). Expansion of the pulmonary arteries was seen in one (3%) of 40 patients with pulmonary embolism (P < 0.0001) (kappa = 0.9108). Extraluminal extension was observed in 5 of 7 (71%) patients with sarcoma, but in no patient with an embolism (P < 0.0001) (kappa = 0.8773). CONCLUSION: CT can help differentiate pulmonary artery sarcoma from pulmonary embolism by indicating a low-attenuation filling defect occupying the entire luminal diameter of the proximal or main pulmonary artery, expansion of the involved arteries, or extraluminal tumor extension.     

螺旋CT肺动脉造影诊断和预测肺转移瘤的价值

目的:评价螺旋CT肺动脉造影(spiral CT pulmonary angiography,SCTPA)诊断和预测肺部血行转移瘤的价值。材料和方法:收集我院2001-03～2006-10所有行SCTPA的肺转移瘤32例,分析有无肺动脉瘤栓、瘤栓的表现及其与供血区内肺转移瘤的关系。结果:32例中,发现肺动脉瘤栓24例(75%),其中多发瘤栓20例,单发4例。总共在50支肺动脉中发现瘤栓60处,其中,肺动脉主干/双肺动脉干瘤栓15处(25%),段/段以下肺动脉45处(75%)。瘤栓形态呈偏心型50处(83%),中心型10处(17%)。瘤栓引起局部肺动脉增宽38处(63%)。50支瘤栓肺动脉中,45支(90%)供血区内有转移瘤;2支瘤栓肺动脉(2例)初次检查其供血区内未见转移瘤,2或3个月后随诊CT复查,该区域内出现转移瘤。结论:SCTPA能够发现肺动脉瘤栓,对诊断和预测肺转移瘤有十分重要的价值。     

螺旋CT在肺动脉栓塞诊断中的价值

目的:评价螺旋CT在诊断肺动脉栓塞中的作用。方法:16例肺动脉栓塞患者行螺旋CT肺动脉造影 (SCTA)检查,层厚3mm,扫描时间0.8s,对比剂注射速度3.5ml/s,总量100ml,扫描延迟时间15s。结果:16例 共644支,其中134支肺动脉及分支显示了栓塞,占20.8%。228支肺段肺动脉中,有56支显示肺动脉栓塞,占分 析肺动脉支的24.5%。204支亚段肺动脉中37支显示肺动脉栓塞,占分析肺动脉支15.4%。肺动脉栓塞的CT形 态:①直接征象为不同程度的肺动脉分支内充盈缺损。中心型充盈缺损17支,偏心型充盈缺损44支,附壁血栓型 34支,完全阻塞型39支。②间接征象胸膜下肺梗死灶,内乳动脉一侧增粗,肺纹理稀少,胸水,肺动脉高压。结论: 螺旋CT肺动脉造影是诊断肺动脉栓塞的快速、有效、无创伤的诊断方法。     

螺旋CT肺动脉造影对肺栓塞的诊断

目的：评价螺旋CT及其肺动脉造影诊断肺动脉栓塞（PE）的价值。方法：回顾性分析12例PE患,均行螺旋CT容积扫描,并在工作站进行图像后处理,获得肺动脉多平面重建图像及三维立体图像。结果：对12例196支肺动脉分支进行分析,受累率为46.4%;栓子发生在主肺动脉、左右肺动脉干及叶段肺动脉。多平面重建图像上表现为充盈对比剂血管内有充盈缺损区,或其远侧方无对比剂充填区。肺动脉成像示,主干血管内可见充盈缺损影,或呈截断状影;叶栓塞或段栓塞亦呈突然“截断状”,其远侧方肺动脉分支不显影或呈纤维状。结论：螺旋CT肺动脉造影不仅可以获得轴位图像,而且可以获得立体图像,可多轴向旋转观察PE部位,是诊断叶或段以上PE可靠而直观的检查方法。     

肺动脉栓塞的螺旋CT诊断

目的 探讨螺旋CT检查对肺动脉栓塞的诊断价值。方法 对23例临床疑为肺动脉栓塞的患者行CT平扫及增强扫描，其中，5例于溶栓治疗6～14d后进行了复查。结果 23例患者累及62处肺动脉。25处表现为中心性充盈缺损，29处表现为附壁性充盈缺损，8处为完全性栓塞。其他间接征象有渗出性改变，胸腔积液，胸膜局限性肥厚，肺动脉高压，右心室增大以及心包积液。结论 螺旋CT检查对肺动脉栓塞的诊断具有重要价值。     

Prospective comparison of helical CT with angiography in pulmonary embolism: global and selective vascular territory analysis. Interobserver agreement

The objective of this prospective study was to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and interobserver agreement in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism with helical CT, compared with pulmonary angiography, for both global results and for selective vascular territories. Helical CT and pulmonary angiography were performed on 66 consecutive patients with clinical suspicion of pulmonary embolism. The exams were blindly interpreted by a vascular radiologist and by two independent thoracic radiologists. Results were analyzed for the final diagnosis as well as separately for 20 different arterial territories in each patient. Pulmonary angiography revealed embolism in 25 patients (38%); 48% were main, 28% lobar, 16% segmental, and 8% subsegmental. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of helical CT for observer 1 were, respectively, 91, 81.5, 75, and 94%; in 7.5% of the patients the exam was considered indeterminate. For observer 2 the values were, respectively, 88, 86, 81.5, and 91%; in 9% of the patients the exam was considered indeterminate. Main arteries were considered as non-valuable in 0–0.8%, the lobar in 1.5%, the segmental in 7.5–8.5%, and the subsegmental in 55–60%. Interobserver agreement for the final diagnosis was 80% (kappa 0.65). For each vascular territory, this was 98% (kappa 0.91) for main arteries, 92% (kappa 0.78) for lobar arteries, 79% (kappa 0.56) for segmental arteries, and 59% (kappa 0.21) for subsegmental arteries. Helical CT is a reliable method for pulmonary embolism diagnosis, with good interobserver agreement for main, lobar, and segmental territories. Worse results are found for subsegmental arteries, with high incidence of non-valuable branches and poor interobserver agreement. Electronic Publication     

双源 CT 肺栓塞探测软件及能量灌注成像对外周型肺栓塞的诊断价值

目的：探索双源 CT 后处理软件在外周型肺栓塞诊断中的价值。方法对150例可疑肺栓塞患者进行扫描,20例患者符合标准。扫描数据采用肺栓塞分析软件(PED)、双能量肺灌注成像(DEPI)及肺动脉成像(CTPA)对图像重建,分别由2名高年资血管专业诊断医师对 PED 图、DEPI 图及 CTPA 图进行分析,根据诊断标准,分别记录由 PED 图、CTPA 图诊断的肺段及亚段动脉肺栓子位置、数目,计算显示率并评价其统计学差异;同时评价 PED 图与 DEPI 图对肺段动脉肺栓塞诊断一致性。结果 CTPA图共发现30处段动脉及40处亚段动脉内存在血栓,其检出率为7.50%及5.00%,PED 图共发现48处段动脉及62处亚段动脉内存在血栓,其检出率为12.00%及7.75%,CTPA 图与 PED 图存在显著的统计学差异(χ2=4.60、5.06,P <0.05)。以 PED 图诊断结果为参考标准,Kappa 系数=0.94,一致性极好。在 PED 图发现48处段动脉肺栓塞中,13处完全性栓塞,DEPI 图显示10例出现灌注缺损,3例出现灌注稀疏;35处不完全性肺栓塞,2例灌注缺损,29例出现灌注稀疏,4例无明显灌注改变。结论双源 CT肺栓塞探测软件联合能量灌注成像能够明显提高外周型肺栓塞的诊断率,具有较高的实用性及临床价值。     

Clinical outcomes of patients after a negative spiral CT pulmonary arteriogram in the evaluation of acute pulmonary embolism.

PURPOSE: To examine 6-month clinical outcomes of patients after acquisition of a spiral computed tomography (CT) pulmonary arteriogram interpreted as negative for acute pulmonary embolism (PE). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review was performed on a consecutive series of 143 patients who underwent spiral CT pulmonary arteriography for possible acute PE during a 19-month period. All studies were performed on a HiSpeed Scanner with use of 3-mm collimation with a pitch between 1.3 and 2.0, depending on patient size. All imaging was performed during dynamic contrast material injection at rates between 3.0 and 4.0 mL/sec, timed to peak pulmonary arterial enhancement. For the studies interpreted as negative for PE through the segmental (fourth order) pulmonary arteries, follow-up data were collected by telephone interviews with patients or surviving relatives, and by medical record reviews. RESULTS: Among 143 patients, 22 studies (15%) were positive for PE, eight (6%) were suboptimal to exclude PE to the segmental artery level, and 113 (79%) were interpreted as negative for acute PE. Among the 113 negative studies, 13 patients were lost to follow-up, leaving a study population of 100 patients. Eighty-one patients were alive a minimum of 6 months after acquisition of a negative spiral CT pulmonary arteriogram (mean, 9 months; range, 6-24 months) and were without interim diagnosis of PE. Nineteen patients died within the follow-up period after a negative spiral CT pulmonary arteriogram (mean, 3 months; range, 0-8 months); however, in none of these cases was acute pulmonary embolus reported as the cause of death. No documented PE was identified by subsequent imaging studies or autopsy within the study population. CONCLUSION: A series of 100 patients with a negative spiral CT pulmonary arteriogram did not experience significant morbidity and mortality as a result of pulmonary embolic disease within a 6-month follow-up period.     

实验性急性肺栓塞的比较影像学研究

目的　探讨核素肺灌注显像、增强螺旋CT及数字减影肺动脉造影对猪急性肺栓塞实验模型 (相当于人类亚肺段水平肺栓塞 )的影像学特点。方法　 13头中国实验用小型猪 ,经颈静脉注射明胶海绵栓子 (直径 3 8～ 4 2mm) ,制作肺栓塞模型后进行核素肺灌注显像、增强螺旋CT和数字减影肺动脉造影 ,以病理检查为标准 ,比较 3种检查方法的灵敏度和特异性。结果　对 195个肺段(动脉段 )进行分析 ,病理诊断阳性肺段 4 6个 ,阴性肺段 14 9个。核素肺灌注显像阳性肺段 5 1个 (包括假阳性肺段 11个 ) ,灵敏度为 87% ,特异性为 93% ;增强螺旋CT阳性肺段 4 4个 (包括假阳性肺段15个 ) ,灵敏度为 6 3% ,特异性为 90 % ;数字减影肺动脉造影阳性肺段 4 7个 (包括假阳性肺段 2个 ) ,灵敏度为 98% ,特异性为 99%。核素肺灌注显像病变检出率比增强螺旋CT高 (P <0 0 5 ) ,但与数字减影肺动脉造影相比差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。增强螺旋CT可对栓子进行准确定位。结论　核素肺灌注显像对猪肺段 (相当于人类亚肺段 )肺栓塞的探测优于增强螺旋CT ,而后者对栓子定位优于前者 ;数字减影肺动脉造影对猪肺段肺栓塞诊断能力最强 ,但有创 ,应用受限。     

64层螺旋CT肺血管造影在肺栓塞诊疗中的应用价值

目的 探讨64层螺旋CT在肺栓塞诊断及治疗中的指导作用.方法 63例患者均行64层螺旋CT肺血管造影(CTPA),并进行多种形式的图像重建结合轴位图像分析.结果 64层螺旋CTPA对63例患者肺动脉各级管腔内的栓子均明确显示,共累及肺动脉303支;图像分析结果伞部显示肺栓塞的直接征象为:主肺动脉和(或)左右肺叶、段、亚段血管腔内充盈缺损和血管阻塞;部分显示肺栓塞的间接征象为:马赛克征、右心房及右心室肥厚及扩张、肺动脉扩张、胸腔积液、肺不张及实变(肺梗死)等.62例患者经溶栓治疗后复查CTPA,其中,栓子完全消失者47例,栓子明显缩小者11例,溶栓治疗效果差者3例,考虑为慢性肺栓塞.结论 64层螺旋CTPA是临床最有效的诊断肺栓塞及溶栓后疗效评价的无创性方法之一.     

Three-dimensional helical CT of pulmonary arteries in infants and children with congenital heart disease.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to determine the value of three-dimensional reconstructed helical CT in the assessment of the pulmonary arteries in infants and children with complex congenital heart disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty patients were examined with contrast-enhanced helical CT. Three-dimensional reconstructions were performed with multiplanar reformations, maximum intensity projection, and shaded-surface display. Correlation was made with 19 echocardiograms and 14 cineangiocardiograms. All imaging studies were reviewed independently for the following parameters: the caliber of the main and branch pulmonary arteries and their confluence, the presence of stenosis, the number and caliber of aortopulmonary collaterals, and the patency of vascular shunts and conduits. Surgical confirmation, which was used as the reference standard, was available in all patients. RESULTS: Helical CT was as accurate as angiocardiography in revealing stenotic and nonconfluent central pulmonary arteries and in revealing aortopulmonary collaterals (overall CT test parameters: sensitivity, 90%; specificity, 100%; accuracy, 93%).Three-dimensional rendition did not improve the accuracy of CT. The patency of shunts was shown equally well with CT as with angiography, but CT showed thrombosis more directly. Echocardiography was the least accurate technique in revealing pulmonary artery anatomy (accuracy, 65%), primarily because a relatively large number of studies were technically unsatisfactory to assess the study parameters. CONCLUSION: Helical CT angiocardiography with three-dimensional reconstruction is superior to echocardiography for the noninvasive assessment of pulmonary artery anatomy in patients with complex congenital heart disease. Helical CT may be used as a complementary technique and occasionally as a substitute for the diagnostic imaging portion of cardiac catheterization with cineangiocardiography.     

静脉血栓栓塞症介入诊疗术前的双源CT检查

目的：探讨在静脉血栓介入前双源CT检查的应用价值。方法：对27例临床怀疑肺动脉栓塞的患者行CT静脉血管成像和肺动脉血管成像联合扫描（CTVPA）检查并利用软件进行图像处理,2～5天后患者行下肢深静脉造影和肺动脉造影,对27例患者的CT图像和血管造影图像进行分析、比较。结果：27例患者血管造影发现肺动脉栓塞25例,下肢深静脉栓塞23例,CT发现肺动脉栓塞25例,下肢深静脉栓塞19例。下肢静脉栓塞CT表现为静脉腔内对比剂充盈缺损。横轴位上显示充盈缺损15例,“靶征”4例,MIP、CPR、VR图像15例显示静脉管腔狭窄和中断,4例表现双轨征。结论：CTV—PA是一种新的扫描模式,可同时完成肺动脉和下肢深静脉成像。两双源CT扫描速度快,扫描范围更大,图像重建更快捷、简便,更适合CTVPA。     

Pulmonary embolism revealed on helical CT angiography: comparison with ventilation-perfusion radionuclide lung scanning

OBJECTIVE: We compared helical CT angiography and ventilation-perfusion radionuclide lung scanning as initial tests in the diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Two hundred sixteen consecutive patients who were clinically suspected of having acute pulmonary embolism underwent helical CT angiography, ventilation-perfusion radionuclide lung scanning, and Doppler sonography of the veins of the legs. On the basis of concordance of the results for ventilation-perfusion radionuclide lung scanning and helical CT angiography and on the degree of clinical suspicion, certain patients underwent pulmonary angiography. Patients without pulmonary embolism at initial evaluation in whom no treatment was instituted were followed up for at least 3 months to determine the potential recurrence of thromboembolic disease. RESULTS: Of the 216 patients, 37 (17%) were excluded because of insufficient data to assess the initial event. Final diagnosis for the 179 remaining patients was pulmonary embolism in 68 (37.9%) and no pulmonary embolism in 111 (62.0%), based on pulmonary angiography in 23 patients (12.8%) and concordant imaging findings and outcome in the remaining patients. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were found between sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for helical CT angiography and ventilation-perfusion radionuclide lung scanning (94.1% versus 80.8%; 93.6% versus 73.8%; 95.5% versus 82%; and 96.2% versus 75.9%, respectively). Interobserver agreement was excellent for helical CT angiography (kappa = 0.72) and moderate for ventilation-perfusion radionuclide lung scanning (kappa = 0.22). CONCLUSION: Helical CT angiography could replace ventilation-perfusion radionuclide lung scanning as the initial test for screening patients who are clinically suspected of having pulmonary embolism.     

多层螺旋CT对肺动脉栓塞的诊断价值

目的:评价多层螺旋CT对急性肺动脉栓塞的诊断价值。方法:22例临床确诊的肺动脉栓塞患者,先行螺旋CT平扫,后经肘静脉注入碘海醇100 ml,延迟15~20 s和25~30 s行两次扫描。结果:平扫的间接征象:肺纹理稀疏11例,肺梗死灶形成9例,肺动脉高压2例,胸膜肥厚3例,胸腔积液8例。增强后的直接征象:充盈缺损(附壁性32支,部分性30支,完全性92支和中心性即轨道征15支)和动脉面细小14支。结论:螺旋CT肺动脉造影是急性肺动脉栓塞安全、迅速、无创伤的有效诊断方法。     

多层螺旋CT在肺动脉栓塞诊断中的应用价值

目的 研究多层螺旋CT在肺动脉栓塞诊断中的临床应用，着重研究亚段肺动脉栓塞的诊断价值。方法 共34例，下肢深静脉血栓16例，近期大手术史11例，肺癌1例，不明原因6例。34例均使用GE Light Speed Plus多层螺旋CT(MSCT)行平扫及造影增强扫描，1次采集4层图像。结果 分析34例共1824支肺动脉分支，其中507支肺动脉分支显示了栓塞，占27．8％。在680支肺段动脉中，246支显示了栓塞，占36．2％；而亚段肺动脉1041支中，141支显示了栓塞，占13．5％。平扫肺动脉栓塞的间接征象为肺纹理稀少19例，肺动脉高压2例，胸水16例，胸膜下梗死灶共41个，梗死灶多发11例，单发12例，双肺6例。1例慢性栓塞栓子钙化，极为少见。造影增强后肺动脉栓塞的直接征象为不同程度的肺动脉分支充盈缺损。充盈缺损有4种表现形式：中心型57支，偏心型160支，附壁血栓131支，完全阻塞型159支。结论 多层螺旋CT肺动脉造影是诊断肺动脉栓塞的快速、有效、无创伤的诊断方法，尤其对亚段肺动脉栓塞是一种先进的方法，可以代替肺动脉造影，可与电子束CT媲美，可能成为诊断肺动脉栓塞的首选方法。     

螺旋CT在肺动脉栓塞诊断中的应用价值

目的　评价螺旋CT对急性肺动脉栓塞的诊断价值。方法　 2 4例临床确诊的肺动脉栓塞病人 ,先行螺旋CT平扫 ,后经肘静脉注入 10 0ml优维显或欧乃派克 ,延迟 15s和 30s行 2次扫描。结果　平扫的间接征象 :肺纹理稀疏 12例 ,肺梗死灶形成 11例 ,肺动脉高压 3例 ,胸膜肥厚 4例 ,胸腔积液 8例。增强后的直接征象 :充盈缺损 (附壁性 32支 ,部分性 30支 ,完全性 92支和中心性即轨道征 15支 )和动脉面细小 14支。结论　螺旋CT扫描速度快 ,图像清晰 ,不遗漏小病灶。螺旋CT肺动脉造影是急性肺动脉栓塞安全、迅速、无创伤的有效诊断方法。     

64层螺旋CT肺动脉造影在肺动脉栓塞诊断中的应用

目的 探讨64层螺旋CT肺动脉造影(CT pulmonary angiography,CTPA)对肺动脉栓塞(pulmonary embolism,PE)的诊断价值.方法 回顾分析24例肺动脉栓塞患者的64层螺旋CT增强图像,将原始图像复制到EBW4.0工作站,对肺动脉主干及分支进行多平面重建(MPR),最大密度投影(MIP)及容积重建(VR)分析.结果 24例患者中,共检出了76处肺动脉及其分支的栓子.其中,左、右肺动脉主干14处(右主干10处、左主干4处),肺叶动脉24处,肺段动脉26处,亚肺段动脉12处.CT表现为肺动脉主干或分支内混合性、附壁性、中心性充盈缺损,可分为完全性或部分性.结论 64层CTPA具有准确、高效、无创等优点,可直观、立体地观察到肺动脉血栓的大小、分布、范围及类型,是临床诊断及观察疗效的首选方法,有望成为肺动脉栓塞检查的“金标准”.     

Acute pulmonary embolism: visualization of high attenuation clot in the pulmonary artery on noncontrast helical chest CT

Helical CT of the thorax is frequently utilized for the evaluation of chest pain or shortness of breath affecting the emergency patient. To improve diagnostic accuracy, thoracic CT examinations are frequently tailored to address specific conditions. Although tailored protocols may enhance diagnostic accuracy, implementing the wrong protocol could result in a misdiagnosis. The proper protocol choice may particularly difficult in the emergency patient due to the nonspecific nature of many chest pain syndromes. Recently, helical CT has been used for the evaluation of suspected pulmonary embolism (PE). Demonstration of an intravascular filling defect surrounded by contrast-enhanced blood is diagnostic of PE. However, because the clinical presentation of PE is frequently nonspecific, awareness of the many potential imaging manifestations of PE is important. Therefore, we present the rare circumstance of high-attenuation clot visible within the pulmonary arteries on noncontrast helical CT; PE was confirmed after the administration of iodinated contrast medium.     

双能量CT肺动脉成像在儿科肾病综合征病人肺栓塞诊断中的应用

目的评价双能量CT肺动脉成像（DE-CTPA）在儿科肾病病人肺动脉栓塞诊断中的应用价值。材料与方法由2名放射科医师复习了2010年4月—2011年6月共52例年龄≤18岁的肾病病人的DE-CTPA影像和CTPA影像,记录灌注缺损或充盈缺损的有无,确立肺栓塞的诊断;在双能量CT灌注影像上记录肺栓塞区域的CT强化值。结果 52例患儿中,11例（21.2%,11/52）病人有肺栓塞。其中9例在CTPA上表现为叶（n=3）、段（n=5）和亚段（n=1）肺动脉内充盈缺损,其余2例CTPA上未见异常征象,而DE-CTPA上表现为亚段和亚亚段灌注缺损。11例病人中有8例在DE-CTPA上表现为叶（n=3）、段（n=5）分布的栓子,即以肺叶和肺段分布的灌注缺损区,另3例非闭塞性亚段肺栓塞未出现典型灌注缺损。双能量CT自动化分区所测得肺栓塞区域的CT强化值[（37.8±15.6）HU和（49.5±14.1）HU,t=-2.663,P=0.014]和手工所测得的肺栓塞区域的CT强化值[（19.1±11.2）HU和（49.6±12.7）HU,t=-8.841,P〈0.001]均低于非栓塞区域所测得的CT强化值。结论本组儿科肾病综合征病人肺栓塞检出率为21.2%,DE-CTPA能显示儿童肺栓塞所致的灌注缺损,具有提高儿科病人肺栓塞检出率的潜力。