腔内技术治疗医源性血管损伤的临床应用

目的探讨腔内技术在医源性血管损伤（iatrogenic vascular injury,IVI）治疗中的应用价值。 方法回顾性分析2018年12月至2022年6月期间因IVI于我院行腔内治疗11例患者资料,包括静脉性IVI 4例,动脉性IVI 5例,血管内异物2例。IVI治疗方法包括腔内压迫、血管破裂口填塞、经皮血管内支架植入（percutaneous intravascular stent implantation,PISI）及血管缝合器（vascular closure devices,VCDs）腔内缝合。血管内异物治疗方法为导管辅助抓捕器腔内套取。分析腔内治疗的手术方式,统计手术成功率及手术相关并发症。 结果所有患者均顺利完成腔内治疗IVI,技术成功率100%。1例静脉性IVI患者行PISI术后3 d复查示支架内血栓形成;1例动脉性IVI患者予行股动脉腔内封堵联合假性动脉瘤腔内注射促凝血药物治疗后4 d股动脉假性动脉瘤复发,予行外科切开缝合;1例静脉性IVI患者行腔内压迫止血无效后予弹簧圈及明胶海绵栓塞治疗术后4 d死亡,但与腔内治疗髂静脉IVI未存在明确相关性。余所有病例均未出现明显手术相关并发症及围手术期死亡。手术临床成功率81.82%,手术相关并发症发病率9.09%。无手术相关严重并发症发生。 结论腔内技术以微创方式治疗IVI,术中创伤小、术后恢复快,值得临床推广;同时,血管侵入性操作的术前评估及术后观察亦非常重要。     

超声引导联合腔内心电图定位在中心静脉置管中的应用

目的：探讨超声引导联合腔内心电图定位技术在中心静脉置管中的应用价值。 方法：回顾性分析我院2016年1月至2018年6月行超声引导下颈内静脉穿刺并经腔内心电图定位的52例中心静脉置管患者的临床资料,观察首次穿刺成功率、一次性置管到位率及置管并发症情况。 结果：52例患者首次穿刺成功50例,首次穿刺成功率为96.2%,首次穿刺失败需2次穿刺并置管成功2例。所有患者穿刺过程未出现颈动脉误穿、血气胸、空气栓塞等并发症。52例患者经腔内心电图定位后行胸部X线检查,均证实导管头端位置理想,置管深度一次性到位率100%。2例患者在调整最佳置管深度过程中出现一过性心律失常,均得到及时纠正。 结论：超声引导下颈内静脉穿刺可明确血管有无变异,准确引导穿刺,减少并发症,提高置管成功率。同时,腔内心电图可实时提示置管深度,便于及时、准确指导导管头端位置调整。     

不同深静脉置管方式在乳腺癌术后化疗中的应用

目的比较不同深静脉置管方式在乳腺癌术后化疗中的临床使用效果及相关并发症。方法分别采用经锁骨下静脉、颈内静脉或外周静脉插入中心静脉导管（PICC）,为患者留置深静脉导管于上腔静脉进行乳腺癌术后辅助化疗。结果分别经锁骨下静脉、颈内静脉或外周静脉置管患者为6、9、26例,所有患者均成功置管,三组导管平均留置时间分别为（24.00±2.95）d、（27.17±5.42）d、（145.45±14.45）d,颈内静脉组发生1例置管感染,无一例发生药物渗漏性血管损伤、皮肤损伤及导管堵塞等并发症,均顺利完成化疗。结论经锁骨下静脉或颈内静脉留置时间短,平均费用低,长期使用需定期换管,适用于外周静脉插管困难患者,PICC置管保留时间长,通常一次置管可完成乳腺癌术后6次辅助化疗,定期导管护理可减少导管堵塞、感染等并发症发生,值得临床推广应用。     

心脏血管腔内异物摘出术一例

患者男 ,36岁 ,因外伤后诊断脾破裂并失血性休克于2 0 0 4年 9月 18日入当地医院 ,行紧急脾切除。麻醉过程中行右颈内静脉穿刺置管 ,放入 0 .0 35英寸× 4 5cmJ形导引钢丝后 ,在放留置导管时不慎将导丝滑入血管腔内。脾切除术后X线透视及摄片示导丝J形头端位于右股静脉腹股沟韧带下 4～ 5cm处 ,直硬头端位于右心房与上腔静脉交界处。于导丝滑入血管腔后 2 4h转入我院行血管腔内异物摘出术。常规消毒铺巾后 ,在常规穿刺点穿刺右股静脉 ,置入 8F鞘管 ,采用自制异物圈套器 (0 .0 2 5英寸对折长导丝穿入 8F右心导管中 ,顶端为小圈状 ) ,经右股…     

应用中心静脉导管心包引流33例体会

目的：应用中心静脉导管对心包腔积液的引流达到诊断、治疗、减少并发症的目的。方法：我院自2002-01～2010-01对各种病因所致的心包腔积液33例患者以中心静脉导管行心包穿刺置管引流,反复抽取积液,连续24～48h心包腔内压力稳定于-5～＋5mmH2O拔出。结果：33例患者均成功穿刺置管引流,临床观察未见与心包穿刺及置管相关的并发症。结论：应用中心静脉导管行心包穿刺置管引流是安全而有效的方法,适于基层医院诊断及治疗心包积液患者。     

血管内栓塞治疗微创并发肾出血

目的:评价血管内栓塞治疗微创治疗并发肾出血的临床价值。方法:血管内栓塞治疗的18例患者均有微创治疗史。全部病例均经股动脉用seldinger技术送入导管,超选择性送入出血动脉,诊断明确后,用弹簧圈进行栓塞。结果:全部病例均一次栓塞成功,病变消失,出血停止,保留了残肾功能,且无并发症发生。结论:血管内栓塞治疗微创治疗并发肾出血,既可保留部分肾功能,又可治疗并发症,用弹簧圈栓塞疗效可靠,是治疗本病的首选方法。     

原位肝移植后血管并发症的血管腔内介入治疗

目的 分析总结血管腔内介入治疗在原位肝移植后血管并发症中的作用和意义. 资料与方法 回顾性分析31例原位肝移植术后血管并发症患者的血管腔内介入治疗资料与随访结果. 结果 31例患者中单纯肝动脉并发症11例,门静脉并发症11例,腔静脉并发症6例,合并肝动脉与门静脉并发症1例,合并腔静脉、肝静脉、门静脉复杂并发症1例,脾动脉窃血综合征1例.均成功进行了血管腔内介入治疗.共置入肝动脉支架13枚,静脉支架21枚,进行肝动脉栓塞1例,部分性脾动脉栓塞2例,单纯腔静脉球囊扩张1例,1例患者肝动脉局部灌注溶栓后置入肝动脉支架,1例患者先后置入腔静脉、肝静脉与门静脉支架各1枚,1例患者同时置入门静脉和肠系膜上静脉支架.所有血管腔内介入操作成功有效,技术成功率100%,手术相关并发症发生率12.9%,并且并发症经处理无后继影响.随访中除1例肝动脉于支架置入后19天发生再狭窄外,其余血管至随访结束未出现明确再狭窄. 结论 肝移植术后血管并发症的血管腔内介入治疗安全有效,技术成功率高而并发症发生率低,是一种理想的微创治疗选择.     

胸腔导管留置治疗结核性胸腔积液安全性探讨

目的 探讨胸腔内置入中心静脉导管持续引流治疗结核性胸腔积液的安全性、有效性.方法 采用Seldinger技术将中心静脉导管置入胸腔引流胸腔积液.结果 穿刺成功率100%,56例患者均成功引流胸腔积液,临床症状改善明显.结论 胸腔置管持续引流治疗结核性胸腔积液疗效满意,并发症少,患者耐受性好,减少医疗费用,是安全、方便、有效的理想方法.     

医源性气管异物3例

医源性气管异物３例叶长发★关键词呼吸道异物医源性气管中国图书资料分类法分类号Ｒ７６８医源性气管异物是指在医疗操作过程中，不慎将医疗用碎小物品误入气管内。１９９０～１９９５年我们曾处理此类异物３例，报告如下。例１：外科全麻手术，麻醉师用注身器接针头经麻...     

深静脉置管加压输液抢救急性失血性休克36例疗效分析

目的 探讨深静脉穿刺置管加压输液在急性失血性休克患者抢救中的临床应用价值.方法 回顾分析36例急性失血性休克患者深静脉穿刺置管加压输液的穿刺方法、操作特点及治疗效果.结果 本组36例经股静脉穿刺均获成功,在3～5 min内建立有效输液通道,通过加压输液,使患者有效循环血容量得到快速补充,为进一步治疗争取了宝贵时间.结论 经股静脉穿刺置管可快速建立输液通道,加压输液可迅速补充血容量,经股静脉穿刺置管加压输液可作为抢救急性失血性休克患者的首选方法之一.     

Iatrogenic subclavian artery pseudoaneurysm close to the origin of the vertebral artery： an endovascular strategy

The central venous catheterization through theinternal jugular access may induce somecomplications at the access site,one of which is thesubclavian artery damage,such as pseudoaneurysm ofthis artery.Traditional US-guided compression andsurgical interventi…     

Embolotherapy for venous impotence: use of ethanol

PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of embolotherapy with ethanol for the treatment of venous impotence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-three patients with venous impotence underwent embolotherapy. The diagnosis of venous impotence was made by means of pharmacocavernosometry and cavernosography. After exposure of the deep dorsal penile vein, a intravenous catheter was inserted directly into the deep dorsal penile vein and advanced into just front of the preprostatic plexus. Fifty percent ethanol was injected through the catheter and the endpoint of the procedure was determined based on results of venography immediately after injection. The procedure was finished when lack of venous leakage was confirmed. RESULTS: In all patients, the deep dorsal penile vein was successfully exposed surgically, the sclerosing agent successfully injected, and the endpoint successfully achieved. Immediate clinical therapeutic effect (restoration of erection) was obtained in 20 cases (87%). No severe complications were observed during or after the procedure. The follow-up period was 6-50 months. Long-term therapeutic effect was confirmed for 18 of 23 patients (78%). CONCLUSION: The authors' findings suggest that this treatment had satisfactory short-term and long-term clinical results and that longer follow-up is necessary to confirm its safety.     

Intravascular foreign bodies: percutaneous retrieval

Percutaneous retrieval of an intravascular foreign body was performed in 20 patients. There were 14 through-the-needle intravenous catheter fragments. In four patients the embolized foreign body was a broken diagnostic catheter. One patient had a ventriculovenous broken catheter and another patient had a bullet in the pulmonary circulation. Eight foreign bodies were located in the superior vena cava, six in the pulmonary artery, two in the right side of the heart, one in the subclavian vein, one in the thoracic aorta, and two in the aortoiliac segment. Percutaneous retrieval was successful in 95% of the attempts. In one case the procedure was performed to dislodge the foreign body into a better position for surgical retrieval.     

Catheter Fracture and Embolization Associated With Arm Implantation of the Cook Vital Port

Purpose

To determine the frequency of arm port catheter fracture and embolization related to the Cook Vital Port Mini Titanium.

Materials and Methods

A retrospective audit of our Cerner Radiology Information System was performed between June 1, 2006, and June 30, 2011, to determine the number of Cook arm venous ports implanted and the frequency of foreign body retrievals related to catheter fracture for these arm ports.

Results

A total of 691 arm implantations of the Cook Vital Port during the 5-year time frame were analysed. Eleven of these patients (1.6%) required intravenous foreign body retrieval in the interventional radiology suite related to catheter fracture and embolization. Three of these fractured catheters were retrieved from the peripheral venous system upstream of the pulmonary circulation, whereas 8 embolized to the pulmonary arteries. All were successfully extracted with an intravenous snare by interventional radiology.

Conclusion

We discovered a 1.6% frequency of catheter fracture and embolization associated with arm implantation of the Cook Vital Port. All the catheters fractured at the vein entry site and did not detach from the port housing. The cause for catheter fracture and embolization is uncertain. Pulmonary embolization of the fractured catheters puts the patients at risk for possible further complications. No patients had ancillary complications related to catheter embolization or to catheter extraction procedures. Further investigation is required in an attempt to determine the circumstances that may result in catheter fracture and embolization related to this venous access device.     

Search and Rescue: A Case Report and Discussion of Iatrogenic Intravascular Foreign Bodies

The following case report demonstrates an unusual case of a patient with multiple intravascular iatrogenic foreign bodies. An inferior vena cava filter was identified in the abdominal aorta, and multiple hydrophilic wire fragments were found in the pulmonary circulation. After describing the management of this patient, we discuss how radiologists can best distinguish between various intravascular iatrogenic foreign bodies. Determining the type of catheter or wire within the patient can not only establish the chronicity of the finding, but can determine whether or not endovascular retrieval is recommended, and by what method. It is of the utmost importance that providers be able to distinguish between various intravascular devices in order to prevent ongoing or further harm to the patient.     

Foreign bodies.

Foreign bodies are uncommon, but they are important and interesting. Foreign bodies may be ingested, inserted into a body cavity, or deposited into the body by a traumatic or iatrogenic injury. Most ingested foreign bodies pass through the gastrointestinal tract without a problem. Most foreign bodies inserted into a body cavity cause only minor mucosal injury. However, ingested or inserted foreign bodies may cause bowel obstruction or perforation; lead to severe hemorrhage, abscess formation, or septicemia; or undergo distant embolization. Motor vehicle accidents and bullet wounds are common causes of traumatic foreign bodies. Metallic objects, except aluminum, are opaque, and most animal bones and all glass foreign bodies are opaque on radiographs. Most plastic and wooden foreign bodies (cactus thorns, splinters) and most fish bones are not opaque on radiographs. All patients should be thoroughly screened for foreign bodies before undergoing a magnetic resonance imaging study.     

A large pseudolesion in the left lobe of the liver caused by inferior vena caval obstruction secondary to metastatic retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy.

A rare case with a large pseudolesion in the left lobe of the liver observed on early phase of incremental dynamic computed tomography (CT) caused by inferior vena caval obstruction is presented. Decreased portal perfusion due to increased volume of systemic venous inflow into the left lobe via paraumbilical venous system may be its underlying hemodynamic change. The etiology of this pseudolesion was successfully confirmed by conventional CT with intravenous contrast medium injection via superficial vein of lower extremity.     

Venous covered stent: successful occlusion of a symptomatic internal iliac arteriovenous fistula

We report the placement of a covered stent within the internal iliac vein (IIV) to occlude a symptomatic iatrogenic internal iliac arteriovenous fistula following an abdominal aortic graft. Angiography revealed a direct communication between an internal iliac graft to artery anastomosis and the right IIV with rapid shunting into the inferior vena cava and a small associated pseudoaneurysm. Femoral, brachial or axillary arterial access was precluded. The fistula was successfully occluded by a stent-graft placed in the IIV. Arteriovenous fistula can be treated in a number of ways including covered stent placement on the arterial side. To the best of our knowledge this is the first time placement in a vein has been described. Where access is difficult or the procedure carries a high risk of complication, a venous covered stent may offer an alternative.     

上消化道异物的内镜处理--附802例报告

目的 积累内镜诊断及处理上消化道异物的经验。方法 回顾性分析我院1978年1月～2003年1月，总结分析802例吞入异物的患者进行紧急内镜检查和在局麻或全麻下应用辅助器械配合内镜处理异物的情况。结果 802例患者中共有1198件异物，其中异物位于食管内424件、胃内662件、十二指肠112件。共有780例1167件异物经内镜成功取出，未出现严重并发症；尚有22例31件异物，因异物尖锐端嵌顿严重等原因未取出。成功率为97.3％。在取出的异物中，最大异物长20cm、宽4.2cm。结论 应用内镜取出消化道异物是安全、有效的。     

Techniques for Intravascular Foreign Body Retrieval

As endovascular therapies increase in frequency, the incidence of lost or embolized foreign bodies is increasing. The presence of an intravascular foreign body (IFB) is well recognized to have the potential to cause serious complications. IFB can embolize and impact critical sites such as the heart, with subsequent significant morbidity or mortality. Intravascular foreign bodies most commonly result from embolized central line fragments, but they can originate from many sources, both iatrogenic and noniatrogenic. The percutaneous approach in removing an IFB is widely perceived as the best way to retrieve endovascular foreign bodies. This minimally invasive approach has a high success rate with a low associated morbidity, and it avoids the complications related to open surgical approaches. We examined the characteristics, causes, and incidence of endovascular embolizations and reviewed the various described techniques that have been used to facilitate subsequent explantation of such materials.