复方丹参pH依赖型延迟释药微丸在家犬体内的药效动力学

目的制备复方丹参pH依赖型延迟释药微丸填充胶囊并进行家犬体内药效动力学研究。方法分别用HPMC，Eudragit L-30D-55，Eudragit L100/S100 (1∶6)包衣制备pH依赖型延迟释药微丸，测定体外释放曲线，并用血清药理学方法进行家犬体内的药效动力学研究。结果制备了复方丹参pH依赖型延迟释药微丸，体外溶出曲线呈pH依赖特征。单剂量给药后自制速释片R的药效动力学参数T_max为0.58 h，E_max为34.63%，延迟释药胶囊T1和T2的T_max分别延长至2.42和3.17 h，E_max分别降低至13.57%和14.52%，相对生物利用度分别为99.3%和133.6%。多剂量给药后自制速释片R波动度DF 7.32，延迟释药胶囊T1和T2的波动度DF 3.40和3.03。结论复方丹参pH依赖型延迟释药胶囊体外释放具有pH依赖特征，体内具有明显的延迟释药作用，多剂量达到稳态时，药效动力学波动系数低于普通片。     

5-氟尿嘧啶结肠定位释药微丸的研制及释药特性

采用流化床喷雾包衣法,研制了2种5-氟尿嘧啶结肠定位释药微丸.以羟丙甲纤维素为溶胀层,乙基纤维素水分散体为控制层,制备时间依赖型包衣微丸;另以肠溶型丙烯酸树脂Eudragit S100为包衣材料,制备pH依赖型微丸.测定了2种微丸在模拟胃肠道各区段pH环境下的释放度.结果表明,时间依赖型包衣微丸体外持续、缓慢释放;pH依赖型包衣微丸在模拟胃和小肠中上部pH的介质中基本不释药,在模拟回盲部区段pH介质中脉冲释药,即后者在体外显示出较好的结肠定位释药特性.     

盐酸美金刚缓释微丸的制备及体外释放度考察

目的:制备盐酸美金刚缓释微丸,并对其体外释放度进行考察。方法:采用流化床包衣法制备盐酸美金刚载药微丸,再用Eudragit RL 30D和Eudragit RS 30D进行包衣,制成盐酸美金刚缓释微丸,并考察盐酸美金刚缓释微丸的体外释药行为。结果:体外释放度试验显示,制备的盐酸美金刚缓释微丸在24 h内平稳释放且释药完全,释药规律符合零级释药模型。结论:用本方法制备的盐酸美金刚缓释微丸具有缓释效果。     

盐酸地尔硫爆破型脉冲控释片研究

目的以盐酸地尔硫为(diltiazem hydrochloride,DIL)模型药物,研制爆破型脉冲控释片并考察其体内外脉冲释药特性。方法以乙基纤维素和丙烯酸树脂(Eudragit L)为包衣材料,采用薄膜包衣法,制备含盐酸地尔硫60 mg的脉冲控释片。通过体外释放度实验,考察了处方因素对脉冲控释片体外释放的影响;通过吸水实验确定了脉冲控释片的释药机理;以高效液相色谱法测定8名受试者的体内血药浓度,研究脉冲控释片的体内药代动力学和生物利用度。结果片芯处方、包衣组成和包衣厚度影响盐酸地尔硫的脉冲释放。该制剂在体外延迟释放时间T₁₀为4.4 h,释放至最大的时间T_rm为8.0 h,脉冲释放时间T_rm-10为3.6 h;其体内的延迟释放时间T_lag为4.9 h,达峰时间T_max为8.0 h,从开始释放到达峰的时间T_psi为3.1 h。脉冲控释片的相对生物利用度为105%。结论盐酸地尔硫爆破型脉冲控释片在体内外都具有脉冲释放特性。     

克拉霉素缓释包衣微丸的制备及体外释放度研究

目的制备克拉霉素缓释包衣微丸,并对其体外释放度进行考察。方法采用挤出滚圆技术制备克拉霉素含药微丸。以优化的丙烯酸树脂类Eudragit NE30D和Eudragit L30D-55混和水分散体为包衣材料,采用流化床包衣技术,制备缓释包衣微丸。考察自制缓释微丸的体外释药速率,并与市售的克拉霉素缓释胶囊进行比较。结果通过释药行为的评价,得到优化的包衣处方为5∶1的Eudragit NE30D和Eudragit L30D-55混和包衣材料,其体外释放行为在不同的pH溶出介质中与市售制剂产品没有明显差异,体外释药过程符合一级释放模型。结论采用挤出滚圆和流化床技术,以及优化的Eudragit NE30D和Eudragit L30D-55混和水分散体包衣材料,成功制备了克拉霉素缓释包衣微丸。     

洛索洛芬钠缓释微丸的制备与体外释放度研究

摘 要 目的：制备洛索洛芬钠缓释微丸,并考察其体外释药行为。方法: 采用挤出滚圆法制备洛索洛芬钠载药丸芯,再用Eudragit RL 30D和Eudragit RS 30D 进行包衣,制成洛索洛芬钠缓释微丸,并考察缓释微丸的体外释药行为。结果: 以Eudragit RL 30D和Eudragit RS 30D的比例为20∶80作为洛索洛芬钠载药丸芯的缓释包衣材料,包衣增重为20%,增塑剂用量为10%,滑石粉用量为45%时,制备的洛索洛芬钠缓释微丸在12 h内能够平稳释药且释药完全。结论:制备的洛索洛芬钠缓释微丸释药行为较好,有望应用于工业生产。     

pH依赖型万氏牛黄清心缓释胶囊的制备与体外释放

分别以HPMC和pH依赖型丙烯酸树脂(Eudragit)的肠溶水分散体为包衣材料制备了3种微丸.结果表明,当Eudragit L30D-55包衣增重达30%,L100/S100混合物(1∶5)增重达40%,可达到较好的抗胃溶作用,并分别在预定的pH条件下溶解.3种微丸混合制得的万氏牛黄清心缓释胶囊,体外呈现出pH依赖型的梯度脉冲释药行为.     

pH依赖型梯度释药麝香保心微丸在正常人胃肠道的转运和崩解

为探讨pH依赖型梯度释药麝香保心微丸在正常人体内的转运和崩解情况，采用γ－闪烁显像示踪法对6名健康志愿服用核素标记的微丸进行体内示踪观察。结果表明，HPMC包衣微丸在胃中崩解，Eueragit L－30D－55包衣微丸在十二指肠崩解，而Eudragit L／S100包衣微丸在空回肠部崩解：禁食状态下微丸在胃和小肠的转运的时间约为5h，标准餐后约为6h；微丸在到达回盲部前已完全崩解。结论：pH依赖型梯度释药鹿香保心微丸在人体内具有pH依赖型梯度崩解溶散的特征，预计该制剂12h服药一次是可行的。     

双氯芬酸钠脉冲控释微丸的研究

目的制备双氯芬酸钠脉冲控释微丸（DS-PRP）并考察体内外释药特性。方法采用水溶胀性材料为内包衣溶胀层，乙基纤维素水分散体为外包衣控释层制备DS-PRP，考察影响其体外释药的因素，并进行体内药代动力学研究。结果溶胀层材料类型、溶胀层和控释层包衣厚度、释放介质中十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）的加入对DS-PRP的释药时滞和释药速率有显著影响，在0.1％ SDS溶液中释药时滞t_0.1为3.1 h，体内释药时滞tlag为2.8　h，与DS丸芯的相对生物利用度为（91±1２）%。结论DS-PRP在体内外均具有脉冲释药特性。     

盐酸环丙沙星缓释微丸的研制

目的:制备盐酸环丙沙星缓释微丸(CPSP),并对其体外释药行为进行研究.方法:粉末层积法制备了缓冲型和非缓冲型2种微丸,分别以Eudragit RL 30D,RS 30D水分散体混合物和Eudragit NE 30 D,L 30D55水分散体混合物为包衣材料制备CPSP.分别考察了包衣增重、包衣液中聚合物比例及介质pH对CPSP体外释药行为的影响.结果:选取含有柠檬酸的缓冲型丸芯,包衣增重为7%,RL与RS质量比为1:1.5时,体外释放呈非pH依赖型;包衣增重为4%,Eudragit NE 30D与L 30D55质量比为1:1时释放较理想,体外释放呈显著的pH依赖性.结论:CPSP具有较好的释药性能及良好的缓释效果.     

盐酸青藤碱肠溶缓释微丸的制备

目的：制备盐酸青藤碱肠溶缓释微丸。方法：分别以Eudragit NE30D为缓释膜材，HPMC E5为隔离层膜材，Eudragit L30D-55为肠溶层膜材，采用流化床包衣法制备盐酸青藤碱肠溶缓释微丸，并考察缓释层、隔离层和肠溶层包衣增重对药物释放的影响。结果：制备的肠溶缓释微丸在人工胃液中释放度<10%，人工肠液中缓慢释放8 h。结论：该制备工艺简单易行，重现性好，有望应用于工业化生产。     

Preparation and in vitro characterization of piroxicam enteric coated pellets using powder layering technique

The objective of this study was to develop piroxicam enteric coated pellets using nonpareil seeds by powder layering technique to minimize its gastrointestinal adverse effects. Inert seeds were prepared by incorporating sugar, Avicel PH 101 and lactose. The obtained cores were then treated by PVP 10 w/v % solution using centrifugal granulator (CF-granulator) and then coated with micronized piroxicam using HPMC solution (8 w/v %) as binder. The piroxicam pellets were finally coated with different polymers (Eudragit L30D-55, Eudragit L100, Eudragit NE30D, Acryleze, or mixture of Eudragits L30D-55 and NE30D) and plasticizers (triethyl citrate and polyethylene glycol 6000). Results showed that Eudragit L30D-55 with 3% weight gain accompanied with TEC produced suitable enteric coated pellets.     

pH依赖—缓释型美沙拉秦结肠靶向小丸的制备与体外评价

以肠溶型和渗透型丙烯酸树脂为包衣材料制备ｐＨ依赖－缓释型美沙拉秦结肠靶向小丸,评价其体外释放特性。结果表明,包衣小丸在０．１ｍｏｌ／ＬＨＣｌ中２ｈ几乎不释放药物,在ｐＨ７．５缓冲液中具有较好的缓释作用。在模拟胃肠道各区段最高的和最低的ｐ变化的释放度试验中,均在对应小肠区段时开始缓慢释药。分别有４０％和７０％的药物进入结肠后释放。优于单独的肠溶或缓释制剂。     

Preparation and in vitro/in vivo evaluation of sustained-release metformin hydrochloride pellets.

In this study, metformin hydrochloride (MH) sustained-release pellets were successfully prepared by centrifugal granulation. Seed cores preparation, drug layering, talc modification and coating of polymeric suspensions were carried out in a centrifugal granulator. Talc modification was performed before coating in order to overcome the high water solubility of metformin. The influence of surface modification by talc, the effects of Eudragit types and ratios, as well as the correlation between in vitro release and in vivo absorption were investigated in detail. Experimental results indicated that talc modification made a decisive contribution to controlling the drug release by avoiding drug dumping. Three dissolution media: 0.1 M HCl, distilled water and pH 6.8 phosphate buffer were employed to determine the in vitro release behaviors of the above metformin hydrochloride pellets. The relative bioavailability of the sustained-release pellets was studied in 12 healthy volunteers after oral administration in a fast state using a commercially available immediate release tablet (Glucophage) as a reference. Following coating with a blend of Eudragit L30D-55 and Eudragit NE30D (1:20), at 7% or 10% coating level, respectively (referred to as F-2, F-3), the pellets acquired perfect sustained-release properties and good relative bioavailability. The Cmax, Tmax and relative bioavailability for F-2 and F-3 coated pellets were 1.21 microg/ml, 6 h, 97.6% and 1.65 microg/ml, 8 h, 165%, respectively. Combined use of two Eudragit polymers with different features as coating materials produced the desired results. Restricted delivery of metformin hydrochloride to the small intestine from differently coated pellets resulted in increased relative bioavailability and a sustained release effect. The adoption of several different pH dissolution media established a better relationship between the in vitro release and in vivo absorption of the sustained-release pellets.     

离心造粒包衣法制备洛索洛芬钠缓释微丸及体外释放度考察

目的:制备洛索洛芬钠缓释微丸。方法:采用离心造粒包衣法制备洛索洛芬钠微丸。首先制备微晶纤维素空白母核和洛索洛芬钠含药素丸,并在此基础上进行丙烯酸树脂水分散体(Eudragit NE30D、Eudragit L30D-55)包衣,并对包衣微丸的释药特征进行探讨。结果:微晶纤维素(MCC)空白母核32～40目的收率约78.6%,含药素丸18～24目收率约88.2%,使用Eudragit NE30D和Eudragit L30D-55比例是20:1的包衣液,包衣增重10%。包衣干燥后,即得洛索洛芬钠缓释微丸,洛索洛芬钠缓释胶囊体外释药行为较好地符合Higuchi方程。结论:在优化的工艺条件下可制得表面光滑、圆整度高的洛索洛芬钠缓释微丸。     

氧化苦参碱缓释微丸的制备及包衣处方因素的考察

目的:探讨制备氧化苦参碱缓释微丸的影响因素。方法:以挤出滚圆法制备含药丸芯,采用流化床包衣法,分别以HPMC E5及Eudragit RS 30D作为隔离层及控释层的包衣材料进行包衣,考察隔离层包衣增重,控释层增塑剂的种类、用量,以及包衣增重对微丸释放行为的影响。结果:优选出以2%的HPMC E5作为隔离层包衣液,并加入0.2%的PEG 400作为增塑剂,隔离层包衣增重10%;控释层包衣处方为Eudragit RS 30D 6%,滑石粉2%,增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)2%,水90%,包衣增重10%。所制备的氧化苦参碱缓释微丸与普通微丸相比,表现出明显的缓释行为。结论:该工艺处方所制备的氧化苦参碱缓释微丸具有良好的缓释特性。     

双氯芬酸钠肠溶微丸型片剂的研制

本文制备了双氯芬酸钠肠溶微丸型片剂。以丙烯酸树脂EudragitNE30D和EudragitL30D-55不同比例的混合物作为衣膜材料，对不同粒径大小的双氯芬酸钠速释丸芯进行不同增重水平的包衣，并与不同压缩特性和用量比例的缓冲微丸混合，压片。所得的双氯芬酸钠肠溶微丸型片剂在人工胃液中2 h内累积释放百分数<10%，在人工肠液中1 h内累积释放百分数为(83±2.42)%。结果表明EudragitNE30D与EudragitL30D-55以一定比例混合制备得到适合压片的肠溶微丸，硬脂酸制备的缓冲微丸可用于微丸型片剂的制备。     

丹酚酸膜缓控释滴丸的制备及其体外释放度

目的研究丹酚酸缓释滴丸的制备方法。方法通过固体分散技术,以聚乙二醇6000(polyeth-ylene-glycol 6000,PEG-6000)和聚乙二醇400(polyethylene-glycol 400,PEG-400)为滴丸基质制备滴丸丸心,以乙基纤维素(ethyl cellulose,EC)、丙烯酸树脂高渗(eudragit RL100)、丙烯树脂低渗(eud-ragit RS100)、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(diethyl phthalate,DEP)为包衣材料,体积分数为95%的乙醇溶液为包衣溶剂进行包衣,利用均匀设计优化处方,制得具有良好缓释效果丹酚酸缓释滴丸。结果以PEG-6000和PEG-400为固体分散辅料可制得外观圆整,质地均匀的丹酚酸滴丸,包衣处方中以乙基纤维素3.0 g、丙烯酸树脂RL100和RS100 1.0 g、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯2.5 mL、体积分数为95%的乙醇溶液100 mL、包衣增质量分数为3%能达到最佳的释放效果。结论所制备的丹酚酸缓释滴丸具有良好的释放效果。     

Combination of time-dependent and pH-dependent polymethacrylates as a single coating formulation for colonic delivery of indomethacin pellets

The objective of this study was to evaluate the combination of pH-dependent and time-dependent polymers as a single coating for design of colon delivery system of indomethacin pellets. Eudragit S100 and Eudragit L100 were used as pH-dependent polymers and Eudragit RS was used as a time-dependent polymer. A statistical full factorial design was used in order to optimize formulations. Factors studied in design were percent of Eudragit RS in combination with Eudragit S and L and coating level. Dissolution studies of pellets in the media with different pH (1.2, 6.5, 6.8 and 7.2) showed that drug release in colon could be controlled by addition of Eudragit RS to the pH-dependent polymers. The lag time prior to drug release was highly affected by coating level. With combination of two factors, i.e. the percent of Eudragit RS and coating level, the optimum formulation was found to be the one containing 20% Eudragit RS, 64% Eudragit S and 16% Eudragit L, and a coating level of 10%. This formulation was reproduced and tested in continuous condition of dissolution, and also separately at pH 7.5. The results of in vitro experiments indicate that the proposed combined time-dependent and pH-dependent polymethacrylate polymer coating may provide a colonic delivery system for indomethacin.