永安市女性人乳头瘤病毒感染和基因亚型分布特点

目的 了解永安市女性人类乳头瘤病毒(human papillomavirus,HPV)年龄和基因亚型分布特点,为该市预防HPV疫苗的应用和宫颈癌的防治提供数据支持.方法 收集我院进行宫颈分泌物HPV分型检查的门诊、体检及住院患者共3244名女性.每位女性都进行28种HPV基因亚型检测,包括15种高危型、3种疑似高危型、10种低危型.结果 永安市女性HPV的感染率为20.96％,最常见高危型HPV基因亚型为HPV52,最常见疑似高危型HPV基因亚型为HPV66,最常见低危型HPV基因亚型为HPV44;425名女性为单一感染,255名女性为多重感染;年龄分组中≥60岁组女性HPV的感染率最高为31.45％.结论 永安市女性最常见高危型HPV基因亚型依次为HPV52、HPV16、HPV58、HPV39、HPV33,最常见疑似高危型HPV基因亚型为HPV66,最常见低危型HPV基因亚型依次为HPV44、HPV40、HPV42,高龄女性HPV感染率最高.     

女性人乳头瘤病毒感染的基因型分布及临床意义

目的 探讨人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染的基因型分布情况及临床意义.方法 采用基因芯片技术对134例患者宫颈上皮细胞标本进行23种基因型别的检测,并对受检者进行相关资料分析.结果 134例患者进行23种HPV基因分型检测,HPV感染阳性患者60例,感染率44 y.78%(60/134),其中单一型HPV感染率为30.60%(41/134);多型HPV感染率为14.18%(19/134);除HPV73型没有感染外,其余22种型别均有感染.结论 单一型HPV16型和单一型HPV58型是HPV感染的主要基因型别.基因扩增芯片技术一次可检测23种基因型,特异性强,敏感性高,对女性HPV感染基因型分布的病因学研究具有重要意义.     

某地区人乳头瘤病毒感染基因亚型的分布特点

目的了解渝北区妇女HPV感染率、基因亚型和年龄的分布情况。方法采用导流杂交法检测1181例女性宫颈脱落细胞,对其进行HPV基因亚型检测。结果 1181例标本中,感染数215例,感染率18.20%,高危亚型居前五位的依次为52、16、39、18和58型;高危型HPV感染率高于低危型,单一感染率高于多重型感染(P<0.05);各年龄组感染无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论 HPV感染具有年轻化趋势,HPV基因分型检测对疫苗的制备与宫颈癌的防治有指导意义。     

HR—HPV感染与宫颈癌及癌前病变发生的相关性研究

目的分析HR,HPV基因型感染与女性宫颈癌及癌前病变发生的相关性。方法对参与石家庄市宫颈筛查的2234例女性患者采用核酸分子导流杂交技术进行HPV基因分型检测及液基细胞学（TCT）检查,对812例HP—HPV感染者中的476例患者进行阴道镜评估及组织病理学检查。结果感染HPV16／18的女性发生宫颈癌前病变及细胞鳞癌的相对危险性明显高于其他HR-HP~基因型（P〈0．05）。其他HR—HPV基因型感染亦有诱发宫颈癌前病变及细胞鳞癌发生的可能,在石家庄市女性中HPV52／58感染诱发宫颈癌及癌前病变的几率仅次于HPV16／18。结论HPV16／18感染易诱发官颈癌前病变,且可能最终导致细胞鳞癌的发生,其他HR—HPV基因型与宫颈癌前病变及细胞鳞癌的发生亦有一定的相关性。     

人乳头瘤病毒基因亚型分布及意义

目的 了解HPV基因亚型的分布状况.方法 采用基因分型芯片方法检测23种基因亚型.高危型18种:HPV16,18,31,33,35,39,45,51,52,53,56,58,59,66,68,73,83,MM4和低危型5种:HPV6,11,42,43,44.结果 尖锐湿疣组阳性率为95.4%,下生殖道炎症组阳性率为24.2%.检出率最高依次为11型、6型、16型.30.1%患者存在多重感染.下生殖道炎症组的高危型检出率和高危型多重感染率均高于尖锐湿疣组(P＜0.05).结论 HPV11、6、16型感染是HPV的主要型别,且HPV感染趋于多重化.下生殖道炎症患者更易受到HPV高危型感染.     

4696例人乳头瘤病毒感染基因分型检测及分析

目的探讨清远地区4696例妇科门诊和体检中心就诊人群人乳头瘤病毒的感染状况和基因亚型的分布特征。方法采用HPV-DNA核酸分子快速杂交基因分型方法对就诊妇女的阴道分泌物进行HPV DNA分型检测。结果在4696名妇女中,检测出阳性的患者有831例,阳性率为17.70%,其中有342人感染两种及两种以上亚型,主要以高危型HPV感染为主。HPV 52和HPV 16是最常见的感染亚型,在感染者中分别占25.5%和13.5%。妇科门诊就诊的高危人群组的HPV感染率为20.25%,较体检组感染率12.63%高。各年龄阶段HPV感染率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论清远地区女性HPV的感染率为17.7%,且以高危型感染为主,其中最为常见的感染亚型为HPV 52。     

某地区体检女性人乳头瘤病毒感染及亚型的分析

目的探讨北京市体检女性人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染状况以及各亚型分布特征。方法收集2018年1月至2018年6月送检至北京迪安医学检验实验室进行HPV分型检测的女性宫颈分泌物样本,共计38338例,利用流式荧光杂交法对送检样本进行HPV基因型分型检测。结果 HPV感染4297例,总感染率11.37%;单一型别感染3352例,感染率8.74%,多重型别感染945例,感染率2.46%;高危型感染2962例,感染率7.73%,低危型感染1135例,感染率3.48%;高危型感染率较高HPV基因亚型依次为:HPV16(感染率1.51%)、HPV58(感染率1.46%)、HPV52(感染率1.24%)及HPV53(感染率1.08%),低危型感染率较高的HPV亚型依次HPV61(感染率0.94%)、HPV43(感染率0.72%)和HPV81(感染率0.64%);感染率最高年龄组为≤30岁年龄组,感染率13.28%。结论北京市女性HPV感染类型以单一感染和高危型感染为主,感染率较高的高危型HPV基因型依次为16、58、52和53型,不同年龄段的HPV感染率存在差异,各型别在不同年龄段的感染率有所差别。     

湖北地区女性人乳头瘤病毒基因分型检测的临床意义

目的 调查湖北地区女性高危型人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)的感染情况,评估HPV基因分型检测在临床检测中的意义,为湖北地区宫颈癌预防筛查提供依据.方法 回顾性分析武汉大学人民医院门诊和体检中检测HPV病毒分型的结果,分别统计其感染率,各年龄段的感染率、感染基因型及各基因型的检出率,以及感染模式等.结果 进行HPV基因分型检测的总人数为9 085例,感染率为21.23%(1 929/9 085),共检出27种基因型,高危型和低危型检出率分别为16.93%(1 538/9 085)和5.15%(468/9 085),HPV感染以单一型感染为主,占比高达80.97%.阳性率最高的三种基因型分别是HPV 16型(3.85%),HPV 52型(3.37%) 和 HPV 58型(2.59%),按年龄分为<30岁,30~<40岁,40~<50岁,50~<60岁,≥60岁共5组,各年龄段的感染率分别为27.40%、22.95%、18.44%、20.54%、14.98%,组间差异有统计学意义(χ2=66.05,P<0.05);各年龄组中高危型占比分别为79.04%(415/525)、81.49%(559/686)、75.70%(539/712)、75.30%(250/332)、73.71%(68/92),差异有统计学意义(χ2=9.60,P<0.05).结论 湖北地区HPV感染率为21.23%,不同年龄段HPV感染率差异有统计学意义,随年龄增长感染率有下降趋势,且高危型病毒感染率随年龄增大而降低,且以单一型感染为主,HPV基因分型检测对发现宫颈癌癌前病变和宫颈癌的预防有重要意义.     

人乳头瘤病毒分型基因检测和液基细胞学检查在宫颈癌前病变中的诊断作用

目的评估人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）基因分型检测和液基细胞学检查（TCT）在宫颈轻、中度卜皮细胞内瘤变（CINI—CIN2）中的诊断作用及意义。方法对我院2008年11月-2010年11月期间401例因宫颈癌前病变（CIN1-CIN2）要求宫颈环切的患者的HPV分犁基因检测情况勺液基细胞学检查结果进行总结分析。结果HPV的灵敏性较TCT明显增高（P〈0．01）,TCT和HPV基因分型检测结合能提高宫颈病变的检出率;宫颈癌前病变中HPV感染以高危基因组的16、52、58、18亚型感染多见,HPV16型感染引起高度病变的几率较HPV52型和HPV58型明显增高（P〈0．01）。结论高危HPV感染是宫颈癌及癌前病变发病的主要致病因子,HPV16型感染易导致宫颈高度病变;HPV基因分型检测和液基细胞学检查结合,可以提高宫颈癌前病变的检出率。     

HPV与宫颈癌发生的关联及意义

目的探讨女性生殖道感染人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)与宫颈癌发生的关系,分析其临床意义。方法本次研究选择的对象共320例,均为2000年1月至2012年10月来我院就诊的妇女患者,使用HPV分型基因检测系统对其宫颈细胞的HPV DNA进行检测,并且检测20种高危型HPV亚型和5种低危型亚型。结果人乳头瘤病毒阳性率20.5%,其中高危型HPV亚型15.75%,低危型亚型3.02%,高危亚型和低危亚型混合型1.23%。HPV11是低危型中感染最高的,HPV16是高危型中感染最高的。结论女性生殖道感染人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)易引发宫颈癌,临床上应做好提前防范,及早预防,防止发生癌变。     

Quantitative in vivo and in vitro sex differences in artemisinin metabolism in rat

1. The pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial compound artemisinin were compared in the male and female Sprague-Dawley rat after single dose i.v. (20 mg.kg) or i.p. (50 mg.kg) administration of an emulsion formulation. 2. Plasma clearance of artemisinin was 12.0 (95% confidence interval: 10.4, 13.0) l.h. kg in the male rat and 10.6 (95% CI: 7.5, 15.0) l.h. kg in the female rat suggesting high hepatic extraction in combination with erythrocyte uptake or clearance. Artemisinin half-life was 0.5 h after both routes of administration in both sexes. Values for plasma clearance and half-lives did not statistically differ between the sexes. 3. After i.p. administration artemisinin AUCs were 2-fold higher in the female compared with male rat (p 0.001). Artemisinin disappearance was 3.9-fold greater in microsomes from male compared with female livers and it was inhibited in male microsomes by goat or rabbit serum containing antibodies against CYP2C11 and CYP3A2 but not CYP2B1 or CYP2E1. 4. The unbound fraction of artemisinin in plasma was lower (p 0.001) in plasma obtained from the male (8.8 2.0%) compared with the female rat (11.7 2.2%). 5. The possibility of a marked sex difference, dependent on the route of administration, has to be taken into account in the design and interpretation of toxicological studies of artemisinin in this species.     

Quantitative in vivo and in vitro sex differences in artemisinin metabolism in rat

1. The pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial compound artemisinin were compared in the male and female Sprague-Dawley rat after single dose i.v. (20 mg x kg(-1)) or i.p. (50 mg x kg(-1)) administration of an emulsion formulation. 2. Plasma clearance of artemisinin was 12.0 (95% confidence interval: 10.4, 13.0) 1 x h(-1) x kg(-1) in the male rat and 10.6 (95% CI: 7.5, 15.0) 1 x h(-1) x kg(-1) in the female rat suggesting high hepatic extraction in combination with erythrocyte uptake or clearance. Artemisinin half-life was approximately 0.5 h after both routes of administration in both sexes. Values for plasma clearance and half-lives did not statistically differ between the sexes. 3. After i.p. administration artemisinin AUCs were 2-fold higher in the female compared with male rat (p < 0.001). Artemisinin disappearance was 3.9-fold greater in microsomes from male compared with female livers and it was inhibited in male microsomes by goat or rabbit serum containing antibodies against CYP2C11 and CYP3A2 but not CYP2B1 or CYP2E1. 4. The unbound fraction of artemisinin in plasma was lower (p < 0.001) in plasma obtained from the male (8.8 +/- 2.0%) compared with the female rat (11.7 +/- 2.2%). 5. The possibility of a marked sex difference, dependent on the route of administration, has to be taken into account in the design and interpretation of toxicological studies of artemisinin in this species.     

Interindividual variability in metabolic activation in humans in vivo

In assessing interindividual variability in metabolic activation, the toxic metabolite is often too unstable for conventional analysis. Possible alternatives include a stable product of the reactive metabolite e.g. cysteinyl derivatives of N-acetyl-4-benzoquinoneimine, the toxic metabolite of paracetamol, adducts with DNA or protein, and indirect measurement of the activity of the enzyme(s) producing the active metabolite. An example of the last approach is the use of furafylline, a highly specific inhibitor of human CYP1A2, to determine the extent of the metabolic activation of the cooked food mutagens PhIP and MeIQx. The extent of inhibition, determined from levels of unchanged amine in urine, is an indirect measure of the activity of the activation pathway. Further refinement of this approach, allied to improved measures of the biological process of interest should prove of value in evaluating interindividual variability and its role in the risk assessment process.     

Theophylline kinetics in peripheral tissues in vivo in humans

Several biochemical and cellular effects have been described for methylxanthines under in vitro conditions. However, it is unknown, whether threshold concentrations required to exert these effects are attained in target tissues in vivo. We therefore employed the microdialysis technique for measuring theophylline concentrations in peripheral tissues under in vivo conditions.Following in vitro and in vivo calibration, microdialysis probes were inserted into the medial vastus muscle and into the periumbilical subcutaneous adipose layer of healthy volunteers. Following single oral dose administration of 300 mg or i.v. infusion of 240 mg theophylline, in vivo time courses of theophylline concentrations were monitored in tissues and plasma. Major pharmacokinetic parameters (c_max, t_max, AUC) were calculated for plasma and tissue time courses. The mean AUC_tissue /AUC_plasma-ratio was 0.56 (p.o.) and 0.55 (i.v.) for muscle and 0.55 (p.o.) and 0.72 (i.v.) for subcutaneous adipose tissue.We conclude that microdialysis provides important information on the distribution and the tissue pharmacokinetics of theophylline.Abbreviations FPIA Fluorescence polarisation immuno assay - AUC Area under the curve - t_max Time to peak concentration - c_max Peak concentration     

休克时血中氧自由基的变化

本实验测定10名休克患者血浆和红细胞的丙二醛(MDA)、血浆总抗的氧化活性(AOA)的含量。结果表明:休克病人红细胞膜和血浆 MDA 含量(4.298±0.722;5.348±0.834)与对照组(3.235±0.682;4.356±1.081)比较明显增高(P<0.05);血浆 AOA(39.65±7.858)与对照组(48.21±10.81)比较明显降低(P<0.01)。提示:休克时,患者机体内自由基反应增强是引起组织细胞损伤的原因之一。     

Trichinellosis in immigrants in Switzerland

We describe a case of trichinellosis diagnosed at the Division of Infectious Diseases, Hospital of Lugano, in January 2009. This case was associated with a cluster of cases and was traced to the consumption of contaminated meat after a wild boar hunt in Bosnia.     

Hyperkalaemia in patients in hospital

A survey of all laboratory blood specimens with a plasma potassium concentration greater than or equal to 5.5 mmol/L was conducted over a three month period. Of 331 specimens with hyperkalaemia, 71 were excluded because the specimens was haemolysed, old or contaminated. The laboratory served a population of 348,561 and during this time measured the plasma potassium on 25,016 occasions. Sixty-six outpatients and 20 neonates were not evaluated. The survey was undertaken on 86 of 102 inpatients (46 males), 48 of whom were over 66 years of age. Fifty-seven patients were admitted under a medical service and 29 under a surgical service. Fifty-nine had a single episode of hyperkalaemia. Thirty-two underwent a surgical procedure. The commonest contributing factor was impaired renal function which was present in 71 (83%) patients. Although a definitive causative role for drugs could be identified in only five patients, in 52 (60%) patients drugs were a contributing factor (potassium supplements 24, ACE inhibitors 16, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs 12). Thirty-five of the 86 (41%) patients died during their hospital admission. Nineteen of the 35 deaths occurred within three days of the hyperkalaemia being recorded. A normal plasma potassium was eventually documented in 50 of the 86 patients. Of the remaining 36 patients, 25 (69%) subsequently died. In general the treatment of patients with hyperkalaemia focused on identifying and treating the underlying cause. Hyperkalaemia must always be considered seriously and regard given to the overall clinical status of the patient, with particular attention to drug therapy, renal and cardiac function, acid base status and the possibility of sepsis.