克拉霉素分散片的健康人体生物等效性研究

目的:研究克拉霉素分散片在健康人体的药动学及生物等效性.方法:采用两制剂双周期双交叉前后自身对照试验设计.20名健康志愿者分别口服克拉霉素分散片受试制剂或参比制剂500 mg,采用高效液相色谱-质谱法(LC-MS)测定血浆中克拉霉素的浓度,经DAS 2.1软件处理后得药动学数据,并进行等效性检验.结果:受试制剂的t1/2为(3.72±0.42)h,Cmax为(2 350.7±604.2)ng·mL-1,Tmax为(1.48±0.36)h,AUC0-t为(12 425±1 975)ng·h·mL-1;参比制剂的t1/2为(4.22±1.15)h,Cmax为(2 045.0±379.5)ng·mL-1,Tmax为(1.76±0.52)h,AUC0-t为(11 954±2 152)ng·h·mL-1.以AUC0-t计算,与参比制剂比较,受试制剂平均相对生物利用度为(101.7±7.3)%,AUC0-t,AUC-∞和Cmax均拒绝生物不等效假设.结论:测定结果经方差分析及双单侧t检验,表明两种制剂具有生物等效性.     

液相色谱串联质谱法测定人血浆中氯沙坦/氢氯噻嗪的浓度及其人体相对生物利用度研究

目的 建立一种快速、灵敏的测定人血浆中氯沙坦/氢氯噻嗪(抗高血压药)浓度的高效液相色谱串联质谱法,并评价2种氯沙坦钾氢氯噻嗪片在健康志愿者体内的生物等效性.方法 20例健康男性志愿者,用随机双交叉试验方法,单剂量口服受试或参比氯沙坦钾氢氯噻嗪片(50 mg/12.5 mg),用HPLC-MS/MS法测定血浆中氯沙坦/氢氯噻嗪浓度.结果 20名健康男性受试者口服含氯沙坦钾50 mg、氢氯噻嗪12.5 mg的受试制剂和参比制剂后,氯沙坦:tmax分别为(1.09±0.56)、(1.12±0.55)h,Cmax分别为(118.9 ±68.9)、(110.2±51.0)μg·mL-1,t1/2分别为(3.15±0.76)、(2.96±0.71)h,AUC0-t分别为(22.2±65.0)、(241.9±77.4)ng·h·mL-1,AUC0-t分别为(250.5±68.7)、(265.7±81.5)ng·h·mL-1;氢氯噻嗪:tmax分别为(1.93±0.54)、(2.25±0.60)h,Cmax分别为(73.2±11.0)、(74.5±17.4)ng·mL-1,t1/2分别为(9.45±3.57)、(8.33±2.58)h,AUC0-t分别为(401.8±138.3)、(390.6±149.3)ng·h·mL-1,AUC0-∞分别为(438.2±146.8)、(415.5±156.1)ng·h·mL-1.以氯沙坦AUC0-t计算,氯沙坦钾氢氯噻嗪片中氯沙坦与氢氯噻嗪相对生物利用度分别平均为(96.5±21.2)、(106.8±22.9)%.结论 受试制剂与参比制剂在人体内具有生物等效性.     

国产替米沙坦分散片与进口替米沙坦片在健康志愿者中的生物等效性研究

目的在24名男性健康受试者中比较国产替米沙坦分散片与原研进口替米沙坦片的生物等效性。方法筛选24名健康男性志愿者,采用随机交叉试验设计,应用高效液相色谱-荧光检测法测定血浆中替米沙坦的浓度,根据测定结果计算主要药动学参数,并以进口替米沙坦片为参比制剂,评估替米沙坦分散片的生物等效性。结果经DAS2.1.1数据统计软件计算药动学参数,受试制剂A的t1/2:(27.94±9.94)h、Cmax:(757.9±238.3)ng/mL、Tmax:(1.18±0.49)h、AUC0-t:(4423±2645)ng/(h·mL)、AUC0-∞:(4804±3146)ng/(h·mL);受试制剂B的t1/2:(25.58±8.56)h、Cmax:(763.4±283.3)ng/mL、Tmax:(1.22±0.52)h、AUC0-t:(4195±1988)ng/(h·mL)、AUC0-∞:(4437±2122)ng/(h·mL);参比制剂的t1/2:(28.98±11.66)h、Cmax:(755.6±268.2)ng/mL、Tmax:(1.15±0.51)h、AUC0-t:(4327±2039)ng/(h·mL)、AUC0-∞:(4622±2201)ng/(h·mL)。以AUC0-t计算,与参比制剂相比受试制剂A、受试制剂B中替米沙坦的相对生物利用度分别为(99.2±26.8)%、(98.3±26.4)%。结论国产替米沙坦分散片与原研进口替米沙坦片具有生物等效性。     

瑞舒伐他汀钙胶囊和片剂在健康人体内药动学和生物等效性研究

目的:研究瑞舒伐他汀钙胶囊和片剂在健康人体内的药动学过程和相对生物利用度。方法:健康志愿者24名,随机双交叉单剂量口服瑞舒伐他汀钙胶囊(受试制剂)和瑞舒伐他汀钙片(参比制剂),剂量均为20 mg,采用HPLC-MS/MS测定血浆中瑞舒伐他汀钙的浓度,用DAS 3.0药动学程序计算药动学参数和生物利用度,并进行生物等效性评价。结果:单剂量口服瑞舒伐他汀钙受试和参比制剂后,血浆瑞舒伐他汀的tmax分别为(3.56±1.68)h和(3.63±1.56)h;Cmax分别为(21.17±13.74)ng·ml-1和(26.33±23.22)ng·ml-1;t1/2分别为(10.68±5.50)h和(9.04±6.00)h;AUC0-t分别为(219.31±146.09)ng·h·ml-1和(252.43±194.96)ng·h·ml-1;AUC0-∞分别为(225.32±146.76)ng·h·ml-1和(257.24±194.61)ng·h·ml-1,AUC0-t、AUC0-∞和Cmax的90%置信区间分别为81.1%~106%,81.8%~105.4%和77.9%~104.5%。受试制剂的相对生物利用度F为(100.7±54.1)%。结论:瑞舒伐他汀钙受试制剂与参比制剂具有生物等效性。     

国产酒石酸唑吡坦的生物利用度和生物等效性研究

目的:研究国产酒石酸唑吡坦在中国健康受试者体内的生物利用度和生物等效性.方法:采用高效液相色谱法测定18例健康受试者单剂量口服受试制剂或参比制剂10 mg后血浆中唑吡坦的浓度,采用BAPP2.0生物统计软件对2种制剂的Cmax,Tmax和AUC0-t进行统计分析.结果:酒石酸唑吡坦受试制剂与参比制剂的实测Tmax均为(0.9±0.3)h,实测Cmax分别为(173.94±57.49)和(173.74±47.99)μg·L-1, 梯形法计算AUC0-t分别为(543.19±252.06)和(551.01±254.65)μg·h·L-1,t1/2Ke分别为(2.22±0.61)和(2.12±0.40)h.2种制剂的主要药动学参数经统计分析差异无显著性.酒石酸唑吡坦受试片剂的相对生物利用度为(99.9±20.7)%.结论:受试制剂和参比制剂具有生物等效性.     

盐酸曲美他嗪片的生物等效性研究

目的:研究盐酸曲美他嗪片的人体生物利用度和生物等效性。方法:22名男性健康受试者,随机双交叉口服剂量为20mg的受试制剂和参比制剂,采用LC-MS法测定血浆中盐酸曲美他嗪的浓度,使用DAS2.1.1软件对各药代动力学参数进行计算,同时对其生物等效性进行统计分析。结果:22名健康受试者服用20mg盐酸曲美他嗪片受试制剂和参比制剂的Cmax分别为(42.64±17.00)ng/ml和(41.32±19.66)ng/ml,Tmax分别为(2.2±1.5)h和(2.7±1.7)h,AUC0-t分别为(418.1±177.4)ng·h/ml和(397.8±147.1)ng·h/ml,AUC0-∞分别为(428.5±181.1)ng·h/ml和(407.9±150.5)ng·h/ml,t1/2分别为(5.9±1.6)h和(5.6±1.3)h。受试制剂中曲美他嗪Cmax的90%置信区间为参比制剂的100.1%～111.1%,AUC0-t的90%置信区间为参比制剂的97.0%～111.9%,AUC0-∞的90%置信区间为参比制剂的96.9%～111.9%。以AUC0-t计算,受试制剂中曲美他嗪的相对生物利用度为(105.9±18.6)%。结论:两制剂具有生物等效性。     

烟酸缓释胶囊在Beagle犬体内的药动学及生物等效性

目的 6只Beagle犬双周期双交叉单剂量口服烟酸受试制剂和参比制剂。方法用LC-MS/MS法检测血浆中药物浓度,计算两种制剂的药动学参数并进行等效性评价。结果受试胶囊和参比片剂的主要药动学参数为:Tmax(3.00±0.80)和(3.08±0.90)h,Cmax(5.13±0.52)和(4.85±0.64)mg·L-1,AUC0-t(43.85±7.41)和(51.30±6.50)mg·L-1.h-1,AUC0-∞(47.25±5.35)和(49.19±4.21)mg·L-1.h-1。受试制剂的相对生物利用度F为(96.0±6.7)%。结论表明两种制剂生物等效。     

硫酸氢氯吡格雷片的餐后人体生物等效性研究

目的 评价硫酸氢氯吡格雷片的生物等效性.方法 按随机自身对照的二重3×3拉丁方试验设计,48名健康男性受试者餐后口服两种规格的受试制剂与参比制剂,通过LC-MS/MS法测定氯吡格雷及其羧酸代谢物SR26334的血药浓度,采用WinNonlin 6.3.0软件和SPSS 19.0软件计算药动学参数并进行生物等效性的统计分析,评价3种制剂的生物等效性.结果 受试者单剂量餐后口服150 mg两种受试制剂和参比制剂后,血浆中氯吡格雷的Tmax分别为1.85±0.78、1.95±0.89、1.78±0.75 h,Cmax分别为3.59±2.22、4.12±2.20、4.01±2.44 ng·mL-1,AUC0-36 h分别为10.80±6.80、10.73±6.40、10.45±6.48 ng·mL-1·h,AUC0→∞分别为11.09±6.93、11.06±6.53、10.71±6.50 ng·mL-1·h,t1/2分别为5.76±3.35、7.59±5.98、6.03±4.45 h.结论 两种规格受试制剂与参比制剂具有生物等效性.     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定人血浆氯吡格雷浓度及其生物等效性评价

目的:建立液相色谱-串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS)测定人血浆中氯吡格雷的浓度,研究2种硫酸氢氯吡格雷片的人体药动学及相对生物利用度。方法:血浆样品中加入内标美利曲辛,经乙腈沉淀蛋白提取,采用液相色谱-串联质谱法。用建立的方法测定20例健康男性受试者单剂量口服硫酸氢氯吡格雷受试制剂或参比制剂后的血药浓度,求得药动学参数,并对2种制剂的生物等效性进行评价。结果:在0.02～20 ng·mL-1内呈良好的线性关系,方法回收率98.4%～103.2%,日内、日间RSD均小于15%。单次口服75 mg硫酸氢氯吡格雷受试制剂或参比制剂后的Cmax分别为(1.9±1.5)ng·mL-1和(1.8±1.1)ng·mL-1;tmax分别为(0.8±0.5)h和(1.0±0.8)h;t1/2分别为(3.4±1.6)h和(3.5±1.5)h;AUC(0-48)分别为(4.4±4.3)h·ng·mL-1和(4.4±4.6)h·ng·mL-1;AUC(0-∞)分别为(4.7±4.4)h·ng·mL-1和(4.7±4.7)h·ng·mL-1。受试制剂对参比制剂的相对生物利用度为(98.2±32.8)%。结论:该方法灵敏,无杂质干扰。测得的受试制剂与参比制剂的主要药动学参数之间无明显差异,表明2种制剂在人体内生物等效。     

丁酸氯维地平静脉注射乳剂在大鼠体内的药动学研究

目的研究两种丁酸氯维地平制剂在大鼠体内的药动学特点。方法将24只大鼠随机均分为4组,分别静脉滴注低、中、高剂量的丁酸氯维地平受试制剂及参比制剂,采用HPLC法测定全血中的丁酸氯维地平,计算药动学参数,评价其在大鼠体内的药动学特点。结果丁酸氯维地平低、中、高剂量受试制剂和参比制剂在大鼠血浆中的主要药动学参数为:Cmax分别为46.16±10.65、82.99±9.34、177.80±38.32、80.31±3.04 ng·m L-1;AUC0-t分别为2.309±0.628、4.221±0.988、9.339±1.759、3.968±0.411 min·μg·m L-1;t1/2分别为12.20±4.65、16.74±6.93、15.13±4.81、18.34±4.43 min。结论丁酸氯维地平受试制剂和参比制剂在大鼠体内药动学参数差异无统计学意义,受试制剂在0.36~3.24 mg·kg-1剂量范围内呈非线性动力学特征。     

富马酸氯马斯汀注射液在健康人体内药物动力学研究

目的：研究富马酸氯马斯汀注射液在健康人体内单次和多次给药后药物动力学特征。方法：12名健康受试者单次肌内注射富马酸氯马斯汀注射液2mg;间隔10d后,连续3d肌注富马酸氯马斯汀注射液2mg,bid。给药后LC—MS／MS测定富马酸氯马斯汀血药浓度,DAS2．0药动学软件计算药动学参数。结果：单次和多次给药后主要药动学参数：Cmax分别为（2．43±1．45）、（5．50±0．74）ng·ml^-1;tmax分别为（0．40±0．24）、（0．43±0．26）h;AUC0-12分别为（13．70±6．70）、（49．80±720）ng·h·ml^-1;AUC0-96分别为（65．10±15．70）、（256．90±33．00）ng·h·ml^-1;AUC0-∞分别为（82．50±18．00）、（355．10±116．00）ng·h·ml^-1;t1／2分别为（39．90±7．30）、（46．60±19．10）h。结论：连续3d肌注富马酸氯马斯汀注射液,药物在体内存在蓄积。     

氯马斯汀乳膏的制备和质量控制

目的:研制氯马斯汀乳膏,并研究其质量标准.方法:以o/w法制备乳膏,采用分光光度法测定含量.测定波长为406nm.结果:该乳膏剂制备工艺简单、质量控制方法可行.结论:氯马斯汀乳膏不仅适用于医院配制,而且适用于工业化生产.     

Effects of mizolastine and clemastine on actual driving and psychomotor performance in healthy volunteers

The acute effect of doses of mizolastine 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg, an active control (clemastine 2 mg) and placebo on actual car driving and psychomotor performance have been compared. Twenty four healthy volunteers were treated according to a double-blind, 6-way cross-over design. In the driving test, lasting about 1 h, lateral position control and speed were continuously measured; the psychomotor test battery, lasting 50 min, comprised critical flicker-fusion frequency, critical instability tracking, divided attention, memory search and choice reaction time, and vigilance studies; and mood changes and possible adverse-effects were rated on visual analogue scales. The results showed a dose-response relationship: mizolastine 40 and 20 mg impaired driving and psychomotor performance. The effect of mizolastine 40 mg on driving was strongly correlated with that of clemastine (r=0.78) and was comparable to the effect of a blood ethanol level of 0.8 mg·ml⁻¹. Mizolastine 5 mg and 10 mg did not have a significant effect on driving performance and psychomotor tests. It was concluded that at a 10 mg dose of mizolastine, the therapeutic dose, it could be considered a safe antihistamine, although individual adverse reactions cannot be completely ruled out.     

A placebo-controlled comparative study of sustained-release brompheniramine maleate against clemastine fumarate in the treatment of chronic urticaria

Summary

A partially-blind, three-way crossover study was carried out in 24 patients suffering from chronic urticaria to compare the efficacy and tolerance of brompheniramine maleate with that of clemastine fumarate. Patients received 4-week courses of treatment with 1 tablet twice daily of either 12?mg brompheniramine, 1?mg clemastine or placebo, in random order. Assessments were made by the physician of the patients' condition on entry and of response to treatment at the end of each 2-week period throughout the 12-week study period. At the end of the trial, patients were asked to state their preference, if any, for the different treatments. The results showed that both antihistamines were significantly effective compared to placebo and that at the dosage used brompheniramine was considered significantly better than clemastine in long-term control. Drowsiness was experienced by 4 patients whilst taking brompheniramine compared to 3 patients whilst taking clemastine. One patient experienced anorexia and vomiting with brompheniramine and 4 patients developed gastro-intestinal upsets whilst taking the placebo.     

富马酸氯马斯汀干混悬剂的制备及稳定性研究

目的：制备富马酸氯马斯汀干混悬剂。方法：考察常用的羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)、羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)、聚维酮(PVPK90)、黄原胶、甲基纤维素(MC)等辅料对干混悬剂的影响。通过对其沉降体积比、再分散性指标的考察，筛选了2％HPMC作为助悬剂，从流变学、混悬剂黏度及显微形态的观察对其稳定性进行研究。同时考察了药物在加速试验下粒子形态的稳定性。结果：所制干混悬剂工艺简单、稳定性良好，形成混悬液，符合干混悬剂的各项质量标准。结论：本品达到干混悬剂要求，制剂质量稳定。     

复方氯马斯汀霜治疗过敏性皮肤病的随机对照研究

目的：评价复方氯马斯汀霜在治疗过敏性皮肤病方面的疗效。方法：共选择门诊患者725例,随机分为复方氯马斯汀霜组195例,氯马斯汀霜组177例,地塞米松霜组178例和皮炎平软膏组175例,分别外涂上述1种药物,tid,连用7d。结果：复方氯马斯汀霜对6种过敏性皮肤病的治愈率显著高于另外3种药物（P＜0．05）。对部分疾病,其总有效率与其他药物亦有显著性差异（P＜0．01）。结论：复方氯马斯汀霜的疗效优于单方制剂和同类产品,其组方合理,疗效可靠。     

高效液相色谱法测定富马酸氯马斯汀片的溶出度

目的建立高效液相色谱法测定富马酸氯马斯汀片的溶出度。方法以0．1mol／L盐酸为溶出介质，转速为75r／min，色谱柱为C18柱（150mm×4，6mm，5μm），流动相为甲醇-0．01mol／mL磷酸二氢钾-三乙胺（70：29：1，用磷酸调节pH值为5．0），检测波长为220nm。结果富马酸氯马斯汀片的质量浓度在1，315～0，1578μg／mL范围内与峰面积线性关系良好，r=0．9994，平均回收率为99．29％。RSD为0，51％（n=6）。结论该法简便、准确，重现性好，能有效控制富马酸氯马斯汀片的溶出度。     

A comparison of triprolidine and clemastine on histamine antagonism and performance tests in man: Implications for the mechanism of drug induced drowsiness

Summary The effects of triprolidine hydrochloride 1.25, 2.5 and 5 mg, clemastine 1 and 2 mg and lactose dummy administered orally, in a balanced order, at weekly intervals to 12 healthy volunteers, on the flare and weal responses to intradermal histamine injection, and also on both subjective effects and objective psychomotor tests were examined. The histamine response was significantly larger at 09.00 h falling through the day but increasing by late afternoon. Triprolidine produced a dose-related antagonism of both flare and weal response maximal at 3 h and wearing off after the lower doses at 8 h. Clemastine by contrast produced poor antagonism of histamine at 3 h but a marked effect at 5.5 and 8 h. Auditory vigilance was significantly (p<0.05) impaired by all doses of triprolidine 1 to 2 h after administration, but no change followed clemastine at this time. When tested 6 to 7 h after administration significant impairment followed both doses of clemastine but only the 5 mg dose of triprolidine. Both drugs prolonged reaction time in a dose-related manner at 2.5 and 5.0 h but the effects had worn off at 7 h. Digit symbol substitution was impaired by the top doses of both antihistamines but short term memory was unaffected. Subjective effects measured using analogue lines reflected the effects in the vigilance test, in that drowsiness and mental impairment were noted early after triprolidine, while clemastine produced maximal effects at 5 h. Subjects were ranked in order of magnitude of inhibition of both flare and weal, and impairment of vigilance, prolongation of reaction time and subjective drowsiness score. There was no indication of a significant correlation, using Spearman's test, between antagonism of histamine and effects on the central nervous system.     

富马酸氯马斯汀凝胶剂的研制

目的:制备富马酸氯马斯汀凝胶剂.方法:卡波姆-940为基质制备凝胶剂,用紫外分光光度法测定富马酸氯马斯汀的含量并考察其稳定性.结果:平均回收率100.38%,RSD为1.24%(n=3),凝胶剂稳定性良好.结论:制剂工艺可行,性质稳定,质量控制方法简便可靠.     

Development and full validation of a sensitive quantitative assay for the determination of clemastine in human plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

A sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the determination of clemastine in human plasma. After having been extracted from plasma samples by ethyl acetate, clemastine and internal standard, diphenhydramine, were separated on a C(18) column. Detection was performed on Thermo Finnigan TSQ Quantum triple quadrupole mass spectrometer by selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode via electrospray ionization (ESI) source. The method was linear in the concentration range of 5.0-1000.0 pg/ml for clemastine. The intra- and inter-day precisions were within 13.4% and the deviations were between -1.1% and 5.6%. The fully validated LC/ESI-MS/MS method has been successfully applied to the preliminary pharmacokinetic study in healthy male Chinese volunteers.